（尚晉 譯）

1 生態(tài)海綿設(shè)施與文教設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合。現(xiàn)有的樹木（如圖 中的柳樹）受到良好的保護(hù)，并被整合在新設(shè)計(jì)中/The biological infiltration facilities are integrated with recreational and educational design. The preexisting trees (in this picture, a willow tree) are well protected and integrated in the new design

項(xiàng)目概況

喀山市卡班湖被廢棄的濱水區(qū)通過謹(jǐn)慎的景觀改造干預(yù)，在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)興。該項(xiàng)目將景觀呈現(xiàn)為一種互動(dòng)性的載體。該項(xiàng)目將景觀作為一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)水文環(huán)境、提升區(qū)域可達(dá)性、提升公眾交往機(jī)會(huì)的互動(dòng)載體，可以為公共空間與自然、文化、社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系提供諸多機(jī)會(huì)。

挑戰(zhàn)與目標(biāo)

喀山是韃靼斯坦共和國(guó)的首府，人口120 萬(wàn)，為俄羅斯第六大城市。下卡班湖北側(cè)與東側(cè)的岸線構(gòu)成了城市的濱水空間。項(xiàng)目面積約為30hm2，涵蓋了長(zhǎng)達(dá)約2km的岸線范圍。伴隨著長(zhǎng)達(dá)700年的生活垃圾與工業(yè)廢水的排放，被污染的湖體與城市嚴(yán)重割裂，致使城市失去了重要的活力來源與生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。雖然湖畔的各類工業(yè)在過去幾十年中相繼破產(chǎn)，城市徑流仍在污染湖水；歷史中心區(qū)部分的湖體周邊粗暴地建起了水泥護(hù)堤，將城市最重要的的濱水區(qū)變成了一片死氣沉沉的混凝土沙漠；由于高速公路、私人社區(qū)、廢棄工業(yè)用地與雜草叢生的樹林的阻斷，卡班湖的絕大部分濱水空間對(duì)于公眾來說是無(wú)法靠近的?？ò嗪F(xiàn)有的開發(fā)區(qū)是圍繞著機(jī)動(dòng)車的通行需求規(guī)劃的，這不僅割裂了野生動(dòng)物棲息地，并且阻礙了人們抵達(dá)濱水區(qū)域。借著舉辦2018 FIFA世界杯的契機(jī)，韃靼斯坦政府決定改造這個(gè)城市最為重要的濱水區(qū)。

設(shè)計(jì)策略

在贏得國(guó)際競(jìng)賽后，景觀設(shè)計(jì)師被委托設(shè)計(jì)卡班湖濱水區(qū)復(fù)興項(xiàng)目。在應(yīng)對(duì)上述挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，他提出了喀山卡班湖群濱水區(qū)活力復(fù)興的三大改造策略：

（1）讓濱水區(qū)暢行安全：粗野的混凝土防洪墻和沿岸的交通道路割裂了城市與水體之間的關(guān)系。為解決這一問題，在混凝土護(hù)堤以外的水域建造了一系列平臺(tái)和棧道；坡道與臺(tái)階連接了漂浮著的的步行棧道、活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地與河岸上的人行道。沿岸修建了慢行通道。步行道和平臺(tái)旁還提供了大量座椅。

（2）沿湖岸設(shè)立水體修復(fù)緩沖區(qū)：利用臺(tái)地狀的濕地與生態(tài)凈化池吸納周邊小型水渠的排水與雨水形成的地表徑流。這些生態(tài)海綿設(shè)施亦可同時(shí)提供休閑功能與公共教育功能。

（3）精心策劃活動(dòng)：通過與文化部和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)合作，策劃了多種多樣的文化體育活動(dòng)，如夏夜音樂會(huì)和電影、清晨瑜伽，以及白天的環(huán)境教育旅行。

結(jié)語(yǔ)

該項(xiàng)目歷時(shí)一年完工，取得了巨大的成功。在2018年5月面向公眾開放的第一個(gè)月，這個(gè)曾被廢棄的濱水區(qū)就迎來了5萬(wàn)人的日流量。不同信仰、年齡和性別的人都能在這個(gè)濱水區(qū)找到自己的一席之地。音樂會(huì)、電影、運(yùn)動(dòng)、瑜伽、婚禮，甚至僅是美好怡人的陽(yáng)光，都會(huì)讓他們聚集在此。清理一新、郁郁蔥蔥的濱水區(qū)還引來了更多的候鳥和留鳥。在與城市居民生活割裂、長(zhǎng)達(dá)百年的孤寂之后，這個(gè)喀山市曾被忽視的濱水區(qū)域如今已重獲生機(jī)。健康的生態(tài)環(huán)境、充滿活力的文化氛圍極好的提升了周邊居民歸屬感、增強(qiáng)了國(guó)民尊嚴(yán)與身份認(rèn)知?！?/p>

多年來，從副院長(zhǎng)到院長(zhǎng)，張偉一直關(guān)注醫(yī)院用藥安全?！八幬镆恢笔前央p刃劍，用得好是患者福音；用不好，將為患者制造負(fù)擔(dān)，甚至從公益角度來看，會(huì)造成社會(huì)和環(huán)境污染?！睘榇耍陙?，南大一附院形成了“四個(gè)一”規(guī)章：兩周一檢、兩周一議、兩周一評(píng)、兩周一罰?！坝盟幇踩?，是患者健康保障的最重要關(guān)口，也是醫(yī)院進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)診斷和精準(zhǔn)治療的最重要‘守門人’?！?/p>

（尚晉 譯）

Project statement

Through prudent transformative landscape interventions, the deserted prime waterfront of Kazan City at Kaban Lake has been revitalised in a short time span. The project showcases landscape as an interactive medium that regulates hydrological environment, creates public access and provides numerous opportunities to connect new public realms which can function as a common denominator of nature, culture, and social developments.

Challenges and objectives

Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, and is the sixth most populous city in Russia, with a population of 1.2 million. The city's prime waterfront is the north and east shoreline of Lower Kaban Lake. The project covers a shoreline of 2.0 kilometre and an area of about 30hm2. After 700 years of dumping domestic and industrial waste in Kaban Lake, the city was separated from its waterfront, resulting in the loss of an important source of cultural vitality and ecological amenities. While the industries surrounding the lake were bankrupted in past decades, the urban runoffs are still polluting the lake; brutal concrete embankments were built into the water in the historic downtown section turning the city's prime waterfront into a lifeless concrete desert; other parts of Kaban Lake were mostly inaccessible to the public due to high-speed roadways, private communities, and overgrown groves on abandoned brownfield. The existing development area of Kaban Lake was planned around the automobile, which not only fragmented wildlife habitats, but also prevented people from reaching the waterfront. Utilising the development opportunity presented by hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the Tatarstan government decided to reclaim this prime waterfront.

Design strategies

After winning the international competition, the landscape architect was commissioned to design the Kaban Lake waterfront revitalisation project. In addressing the above challenges, he proposed three major transformative strategies to reclaim the vitality of Kazan's prime waterfront:

(1) Making the waterfront accessible and safe: the brutal concrete flood wall and the traffic road along the shoreline severed the relationship between the city and the water. To solve this problem, a series of platforms and boardwalks built into the water beyond the concrete embankment; ramps and stairs link these pedestrian paths and places that float above the lake with the pedestrian paths on the land. Bicycle and pedestrian trails were constructed along the lake shore. Numerous seats are provided along the pedestrian paths and the platforms.

(2) Creating a water remediation buffer zone along the lake shore: terraced wetland and bio swales are designed to catch the flows from several small ditches and the surface urban runoff. These biological infiltration facilities are integrated with recreational design and public education.

(3) Programmed activities: Working with the Ministry of Culture and local communities, various cultural and sports activities are programmed, such as music concerts and movies on summer nights, yoga in the morning, and environmental education tours in daytime.

Conclusion

The project was completed in one year and has proven to be a great success. The first month it was open to the public in May of 2018, the formerly deserted waterfront attracted 50,000 users daily. People of different beliefs, ages, and genders find their place at the waterfront. They gather here for concerts, movies, exercising, yoga, weddings, or simply people watching and enjoying the sun. The cleansed and vegetated lakefront also attracts more migrant and resident birds. After over century's alienation from the city and its people, Kazan's neglected prime waterfront has now been reclaimed with ecological health, cultural vitality, and the residents' feeling of belonging, as well as the dignity and the identity of the state.□

2 總平面/Site plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 韃靼斯坦共和國(guó)政府/Government of the Republic of Tatarstan

景觀與建筑施工設(shè)計(jì)公司/Landscape Architect of Record/Firm: 土人設(shè)計(jì)/Turenscape

設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)責(zé)人/Design Lead: 俞孔堅(jiān)/YU Kongjian

項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)兼高級(jí)架構(gòu)師/Programme Director and Senior Architect: Stanley LUNG

高級(jí)城市規(guī)劃師/Senior Urban Planner: YAN Bin

高級(jí)景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Senior Landscape Architect: SHI Chun

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理兼城市規(guī)劃師/Program Manager and Urban Planner: WANG Yuyu

項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理兼景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Program Manager and Landscape Architect: CONG Xin

城市規(guī)劃師/Urban Planner: MA Junge, KOU Miao, WU Di景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Landscape Architect: HU Yangyang, JING Bo, SONG Qiuyue, LUO Lin, DING Yahu, LIU Zhenlizi, YUAN Tingting, ZHANG Haixiao, ZHANG Jin

地理信息系統(tǒng)分析師/GIS Analyst: LI Wenhao

高級(jí)建筑師/Senior Architect: Alexandr Poroshkin, Katya Sineva, Max Malein

助理景觀設(shè)計(jì)師/Assistant Landscape Architect: Henry Herman, ZHANG Kaiqi, XIE Yaoyu, Nichlas Rasmussen

俄羅斯建筑合作者/Russian Architecture Collaborator: MAP architects Design Office

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting: ECO-Light

3 平臺(tái)建造在混凝土墻外的水中/Platforms is built into the water beyond the concrete wall

4 不近人情的混凝土防洪墻切斷了城市與水的聯(lián)系。為了 解決這個(gè)問題，湖中建造了抗洪平臺(tái)，以激活混凝土 堤岸以外死氣沉沉的區(qū)域/The brutal concrete flood walls cut off the relationship between the city and the water. To solve this problem, flood resilient platforms are built into the lake to activate the dead space beyond the concrete embankment

5 一片死氣沉沉的空間獲得了生機(jī)：昔日荒蕪的濱水區(qū)已 成功重新啟用，并在2018年夏季對(duì)外開放時(shí)每天吸引5萬(wàn) 游客/A dead space has gain its life: The former deserted water front has been successfully reactivated and has attracted 50,000 visitors daily in the summer of 2018 when it is opened to the public

6 與當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕亢蜕鐓^(qū)合作，這里安排了各種文化和 體育活動(dòng)，如夏季晚上的音樂會(huì)和電影、早晨的瑜伽和 白天的環(huán)境教育旅行/Working with the Ministry of Culture and local communities, various cultural and sports activities are programmed, such as music concert and movies in the summer nights, Yoga in the morning, and environmental education tours on the day

7 安排現(xiàn)有的地形，這里提供了許多座位，并仔細(xì)整合、 分級(jí)，使濱水段既安全又舒適，面向所有年齡段的使用者/ Making the preexisting terrain, a lot of seats are provided and carefully integrated into the grading to make the waterfront both safe and restful for users of all ages

評(píng)論

張利：我們可以想象兩種優(yōu)異的設(shè)計(jì)，它們同樣令人贊嘆：一種是拍案稱奇的設(shè)計(jì)干預(yù)想象力，我們一般稱之為“設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)”；另一種是深入人心的生活質(zhì)量提升，我們一般稱之為“社會(huì)實(shí)踐”。卡班湖的設(shè)計(jì)屬于后者。

雖然以景觀的設(shè)計(jì)策略來大幅度提升被基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施分割的線性濱水空間質(zhì)量不是什么新鮮事，但能夠在發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的環(huán)境下以非常有限的造價(jià)來完成如此令人信服的改進(jìn)仍然是罕見的。設(shè)計(jì)者的匠心體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：一是盡量采用原生態(tài)或準(zhǔn)原生態(tài)的種植體系，這使得在可控的建設(shè)與維護(hù)成本下實(shí)現(xiàn)巨大尺度的干預(yù)成為可能；二是在局部近人尺度上對(duì)微差界面（坡道、臺(tái)階、波浪形地面等）的使用，這使得在重要空間節(jié)點(diǎn)上形成人員聚集的公共性成為可能。從某種意義上說，卡班湖的實(shí)踐是非常貼近IUPA設(shè)立的初衷的。

葉揚(yáng)：作為中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在海外的實(shí)踐，卡班湖群濱水區(qū)的設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際化、普世化，用相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔的方式改變了城市的工業(yè)廢地，將原有生硬、冷漠的濱水區(qū)域進(jìn)行了柔化處理，水邊植物與木材等具有溫暖質(zhì)感的材料搭配增加親和力，不同類型的活動(dòng)區(qū)域既獨(dú)立又連貫，動(dòng)線悠長(zhǎng)、蜿蜒，層層疊落，逐步親水，視覺上始終保持開放、通透。該項(xiàng)目出色地用設(shè)計(jì)的方式使市民獲得了一塊具有公共性、充滿活力的城市空間，為解決此類典型的城市問題區(qū)域提供了一個(gè)范例。

8 生態(tài)海綿梯田與文教設(shè)計(jì)融為一體，晝夜不斷地吸引著 來人/The biological infiltration terraces are integrated with recreational and educational design and becomes a attraction day and night

Comments

ZHANG Li: There are two types of design excellence, equally desirable: one that built on imaginative design intervention which is usually referred to as design experiment, and one that built on tangible improvement of real life which is usually referred to as social intervention. The Kaban lake project belongs to the latter. Although it is not new to revitalise the linear waterfront space cut, polluted and deteriorated by modern transportation infrastructure, bringing such convincing change to real life is still rare. There are two design strategies that are demonstrably useful: the first is the plant system primarily based upon natural choice, which significantly reduces the initial cost and the cost for long term maintenance; the second is the use of human scale, fine-grained urban fabric (ramps, steps and undulating surfaces) in special segments of the project, creating popular nodes of public activities along the linearity of the entire project. In a sense, the Kaban Lake Waterfront Revitalisation project is very pertinent to the original intention of IUPA.

YE Yang: As an oversea practice of Chinese design team, the design of Kaban Lake's prime waterfront tends to be international and universal. The deserted industrial landscape of the city was reformed by relatively simple approach. The existing curt indifferent waterfront was softened by water plants and the materials with warm sense such as timber which increased affinity. Various types of activity zones are both independent and coherent, with extended and winding circulation, directing people to the shore step by step, meanwhile, keeping the view open and transparent. The project is excellently designed to provide citizens with a public urban space that full of energy, offering an exemplar for such a typical urban wasted area. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)