劉藹文 蔡鈺玫 陳梓彤 朱志宏
[摘要]目的 比較不同降糖方案對2型糖尿?。═2DM)患者依從性及糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)達標率的影響。方法 回顧性分析我院2017年6月~2018年9月門診隨訪的120例T2DM患者資料,依據(jù)不同的治療方法分為A組(單純口服藥物)、B組(磺脲類促泌劑+二甲雙胍+預(yù)混胰島素30 R晚餐前注射1次)、C組(磺脲類促泌劑+二甲雙胍+甘精胰島素晚餐注射1次)、D組(二甲雙胍+預(yù)混胰島素30 R早晚餐前各注射1次),每組各30例?;仡櫺苑治鼋?個月的四組的血糖控制情況,期間可調(diào)整藥物劑量,不更改用藥方案,比較其血糖達標率及依從性,并分析依從性的影響因素。結(jié)果 四組依從性比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=1.445,P=0.963),血糖達標率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.372,P=0.946),再把各組按依從性好及不依從的患者分為兩組,依從性好組HbA1c達標率明顯高于依從性差組(t=11.012,P=0.000);單因素分析結(jié)果提示,患者受教育程度、經(jīng)濟狀況及是否參加醫(yī)保均影響患者的依從性(P=0.000)。應(yīng)用Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果提示,患者受教育程度、經(jīng)濟狀況及是否參加醫(yī)保,為依從性獨立影響因素。結(jié)論 四組治療方案中依從性相似,糖化血紅蛋白達標率相似,但這并不能說明該四種降糖方案效果相似,而應(yīng)根據(jù)患者的個體差異選擇不同的降糖方案;另外,在治療方案恰當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下,依從性高的患者HbA1c達標率明顯高于依從性低的患者;強化健康宣教、提高全民經(jīng)濟水平、全面推行門診醫(yī)療保險制度可提高患者的依從性,從而優(yōu)化治療效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞]2型糖尿病;糖化血紅蛋白;依從性;治療方案
[中圖分類號] R587.1 ? ? [文獻標識碼] A ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)9(b)-0039-05
Effect of different treatment on the compliance and HbA1c compliance rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
LIU Ai-wen1? ?CAI Yu-me2? ?CHEN Zi-tong2? ?ZHU Zhi-hong2▲
1. Department of Medical Examination Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Guangdong Province, Shantou? ?515041, China; 2. Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Guangdong Province, Shantou? ?515041, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the effect of different treatment on compliance and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compliance rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The outpatient data of 120 patients with T2DM who followed up from June 2017 to September 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to different the treatment methods, they were divided into group A (oral Hypoglycemic drugs only), group B (Sulfonylurea secretagogue+metformin+premixed insulin 30 R injection before supper), group C (Sulfonylurea secretagogue+metformin+insulin glargine injection once in the evening), and group D (Metformin+premixed insulin 30 R was injected twice before breakfast and dinner), 30 cases in each group. The control of blood sugar in recent three months was retrospectively analyzed. During the period, the dosage of drugs could be adjusted without changing the medication plan. The blood sugar compliance rate and compliance were compared, and analyze the influencing factors of compliance. Results There was no statistical difference in compliance (χ2=1.445, P=0.963) and blood sugar compliance rate (χ2=0.372, P=0.946) among the four groups. The patients in each group were divided into two groups according to their good compliance and poor compliance. The compliance rate of HbA1c in the good compliance group was significantly higher than that in the poor compliance group (t=11.012, P=0.000). Univariate analysis showed that education level, economic status and participation in health insurance affected the patient′s compliance (P=0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, economic status and medical insurance were the independent influencing factors of the compliance. Conclusion Compliance and HbA1c compliance rate are similar in the four groups, but it does not mean that the four hypoglycemic schemes have similar effect, but different hypoglycemic schemes should be selected according to individual differences of patients. In addition, in the case of appropriate treatment, the compliance rate of HbA1c in patients with high compliance was significantly higher than that in patients with low compliance; so, strengthening health education, improving the economic level of the whole people and implementing the outpatient medical insurance system in an all-round way can improve the compliance of patients and optimize the treatment effect.
[Key words] Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Blood glucose; Compliance; Therapeutic regimen
2型糖尿?。═2DM)是一種以糖代謝紊亂為主要臨床特征的慢性、復(fù)雜性及進展性的疾病,隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展、人口老齡化和生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,糖尿病已成為威脅人類健康的重要疾患。據(jù)2017年國際糖尿病聯(lián)盟(IDF)報道,目前全球約有4.25億成人患糖尿病,預(yù)計到2045年,全球糖尿病患者將會增至6.29億[1],這將給世界的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生帶來沉重負擔(dān),而我國糖尿病患病率更是高達11.6%,患者人數(shù)達1.14億,控制率只有39.7%[2],糖尿病的防控已經(jīng)是一個社會問題,需要政府、公共衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)、醫(yī)療機構(gòu)等部門綜合治理。已有大型的臨床研究表明,對新診斷的T2DM患者,早期進行嚴格的血糖控制可降低糖尿病微血管病變、心肌梗死及死亡的發(fā)生風(fēng)險[3-4]。眾所周知,國際上公認的糖尿病監(jiān)控“金標準”為糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)[5-6],可提示患者過去2~3個月血糖控制情況,英國糖尿病前瞻性研究(UKPDS)確立了HbA1c作為糖尿病合并慢性并發(fā)癥的預(yù)測因子[7],對T2DM及并發(fā)癥的防治有重要意義,2011年WHO建議在條件具備的國家和地區(qū)采用HbA1c診斷糖尿病,診斷切點為HbA1c>6.5%[8]。而血糖及HbA1c達標率與治療方案的選擇及用藥的依從性具有怎樣的關(guān)聯(lián)性,本研究圍繞比較不同治療方法對T2DM患者依從性及HbA1c達標率的影響予以分析,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2017年6月~2018年9月我院門診隨訪的120例T2DM患者作為研究對象進行問卷調(diào)查,回顧性分析其近3個月的用藥情況及血糖控制情況,依據(jù)不同的治療方法分為A、B、C、D組,每組各30例。A組中,男19例,女11例;平均年齡(55.2±7.1)歲;平均病程(6.2±2.5)年。B組中,男20例,女10例;平均年齡(55.3±6.1)歲;平均病程(5.8±2.6)年。C組中,男13例,女17例;平均年齡(52.7±7.5)歲,平均病程(5.2±2.6)年。D組中,男17例,女13例;平均年齡(55.5±5.8)歲,平均病程(6.2±2.5)年。四組的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有T2DM的診斷均符合世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)編撰的《糖尿病診斷標準(1999)》相關(guān)內(nèi)容。納入標準:①經(jīng)臨床診斷確診為T2DM者;②無全身嚴重器質(zhì)性疾病者;③無磺脲類促泌劑、二甲雙胍、預(yù)混胰島素30 R、甘精胰島素等藥物過敏史或禁忌者,每種治療方案維持至少3個月以上。排除標準:1型糖尿病、妊娠、合并心臟疾病、惡性腫瘤、感染性疾病、血液系統(tǒng)疾病、嚴重精神障礙,及急慢性肝功能不全、腎功能不全失代償者。
1.2方法
1.2.1治療方法? 四組均回顧隨訪12周,其中A組為單純口服降糖藥物治療,其中6例單純口服二甲雙胍(中美上海施貴寶制藥有限公司,國藥準字H20023370)1.0~2.0 g,qd,24例采取二甲雙胍+磺脲類促泌劑[格列齊特緩釋片(施維雅制藥有限公司);格列美脲(廣西百琪藥業(yè)有限公司,國藥準字H20030283)治療,格列齊特緩釋片維持劑量60~120 mg/d,格列美脲維持劑量2~4 mg/d。B組采取磺脲類(格列齊特緩釋片/格列美脲)+二甲雙胍+預(yù)混胰島素30 R(優(yōu)思靈30/70,珠海聯(lián)邦制藥股份有限公司,國藥準字S20100013)0.2~0.4 IU/kg晚餐前皮下注射;C組采用磺脲類(格列齊特緩釋片/格列美脲)+二甲雙胍+甘精胰島素(甘李藥業(yè)股份有限公司,國藥準字S20050051)0.2~0.4 IU/kg晚上10點鐘皮下注射;D組采取二甲雙胍+預(yù)混胰島素30 R(總量0.4~1.0 IU/kg,分為兩次)早晚餐前皮下注射。
1.2.2影響因素分析方法? 本研究采用自行設(shè)計的調(diào)查問卷對所有患者資料進行調(diào)查,內(nèi)容包括年齡、性別、受教育程度、經(jīng)濟狀況、家族史、病程、血糖情況(空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c)、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況、是否參加醫(yī)保、每月漏用藥物頻次等,隨后采用Logistic回歸分析法對T2DM治療依從性影響因素進行分析,具體方法如下。依據(jù)依從率將患者分為依從性好組及依從性差組,將兩組對比較有差異的單因素帶入到回歸分析模型中做多元分析,以總結(jié)出影響依從性的獨立影響因素。
1.3主要儀器和試劑
主要儀器:貝克曼AU5400全自動生化分析儀,西門子Centaur XP化學(xué)發(fā)光儀,ACT 5DIFF AL及LH780全自動血細胞分析儀,UF-1000i全自動尿液沉渣分析儀。微量血糖分析儀:諾瓦生物醫(yī)藥公司(Stat Strip Xpress)。
主要試劑:貝克曼葡萄糖測定試劑盒(已糖激酶法)(貝克曼庫爾特實驗系統(tǒng)有限公司)、西門子C肽測定試劑合(美國西門子醫(yī)學(xué)診斷股份有限公司)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)測定試劑盒(膠乳凝集反應(yīng)法)(上海九弗生物科技有限公司)。
1.4觀察指標及評價標準
選取觀察指標為四種用藥方案下的血糖達標率、總依從性,其中血糖達標判定標準為HbA1c <6.5%~7.0%。依從性分為以下三個標準,即患者能完全按照醫(yī)囑要求按時、按量服用藥物為完全依從;任一種藥物,用藥劑量不足、每個月漏用藥天數(shù)≥1 d而<3 d的為部分依從,每個月漏用藥天數(shù)>3 d為不依從,總依從性(%)=(完全依從+部分依從)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件處理,對于小樣本計量資料,使用Shapiro-Wilk統(tǒng)計方法進行正態(tài)性檢驗,滿足正態(tài)分布的數(shù)據(jù),以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示;滿足正態(tài)、方差齊的計量資料,采用獨立樣本t檢驗進行比較;計數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗,多因素分析采用Logistic回歸分析法,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-11? 本文編輯:崔建中)