廣東 余愛香

通過研做高考英語短文改錯題，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)易混詞的辨析是高考英語短文改錯題的一個高頻考點，故筆者對高中階段的高頻易混詞進行了分類整理，并給出相應的解題方向及訓練方式，以期對廣大教師指導考生熟練掌握高頻易混詞起到拋磚引玉的作用。

一、分類整理，知重點

高頻易混詞主要分為五大類：1.形近異義詞；2.形近近義詞；3.反義詞；4.形異近義詞；5.用法上極易混淆的詞。

表1 形近異義詞

表2 形近近義詞

表3 反義詞

表4 形異近義詞

續(xù)表

表5 用法上極易混淆的詞

二、全面思考，有方向

經過以上分類整理并進行了全面思考后筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，在解題時，要識別這些錯誤，考生可以從以下幾點去區(qū)分：

1.從詞性上

例如good 與well，across 與cross 等。

2.從用法上

例如much 與more，a lot 與a lot of，as well 與as well as 等的用法。

3.從邏輯上

邏輯錯誤大部分可從反義詞的角度去考慮，例如here與there，now 與then，ever 與never 等。

4.從搭配上

例如neither...nor,be used to doing,used to do 等固定搭配。

三、花式訓練，固基礎

1.注重研習高考題，逐步積累易混詞

教師要帶領學生研習高考英語短文改錯題，逐步積累高頻易混詞。高考英語短文改錯題中的很多考點會重復考查，例如2019 年全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯考查的there be 句型曾在2014 年全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯中考查過，many 與much 的形異近義詞辨析近六年重復考查了4 次。

2.充分挖掘教材，進行針對性訓練

在教學中，教師應充分挖掘教材，可將教材中的語言素材編寫成單句改錯題或者短文改錯題對學生進行高頻易混詞的訓練。

（1）高頻易混詞與單句改錯

教師可以從教材中選取一些含有高頻易混詞的句子，改編為單句改錯練習，增加高頻易混詞的復現(xiàn)。例如以下練習均由人教版必修二 Unit 1、Unit 2 閱讀文章中的句子改編。

①This gift was the Amber Room,which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to making it.

②The greatest gift would have so an amazing history.

③A week late I decided to go and see for myself.

④I used to writing about the Olympic Games a long time ago.

⑤Pausanias was a Greek writer about 2,000 years before.

⑥The Winter and the Summer Olympics are all held every four years.

⑦There’s as much competition between countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.

⑧She was so very angry that she said to her father that she would not marry someone who could not run faster than her.

⑨So many of them sadly went home,but other stayed to run the race.

答案：①making 改為make；②so 改為such；③late改 為later；④writing 改 為write；⑤before 改 為ago；⑥all 改為both；⑦between 改為among；⑧刪除very；someone 改為anyone；⑨other 改為others。

（2）高頻易混詞與短文改錯

為了模擬高考，并達到專題訓練的目的，教師可以把教材中的閱讀文章改編成小短文進行改錯訓練，例如下面改編自人教版必修三Unit 2 的高頻易混詞短文改錯題（共有10 處錯誤）。

Wang Peng was such surprised to find that the customers especially the girls liked Yong Hui’s food too much.To find out the reasons,Wang Peng went to the library and learned a lot^knowledge about balanced diet.He found that his restaurant served far too many fat and Yong Hui’s far too few.Though her customers might get very thin after eating Yong Hui’s food,they could neither get enough energy or keep themsleves healthy.They would become tired much quickly.Wang Peng felt much hopeful as he drove back home.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win both his customers back,who used to eating in his restaurant.

答案：1.such 改為so；2.too 改為so 或very；3.lot 后加of；4.many 改 為much；5.few 改 為little；6.or 改 為nor；7.much 改為very 或刪除much；8.much 改為more/very 或刪除much；9.both 改為all；10.eating 改為eat。

綜上所述，教師應該做到：研做高考英語短文改錯題，分類整理高頻易混詞，以便有針對性地指導學生備考；指導學生從詞性、詞義、用法三方面考慮高頻易混詞的運用是否恰當；帶領學生研習高考真題，逐步積累易混詞；充分挖掘教材，進行有針對性的訓練。