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        Study on Qingzhou Round

        2019-10-21 02:11:29王冠楠
        青年生活 2019年16期

        王冠楠

        【Abstract】:Chinese?traditional?lacquer?art?has?experienced?thousands?of?years?of?cultural?accumulation, and?the?quiet?and?restrained?aesthetics?are?consistent?with?the?ethereal?silence?of?Buddha.

        【Key;words】:Buddha;Chinese;lacquer;Qingzhou

        I.?History?of?Lacquer

        China?is?the?first?country?in?the?world?to?use?natural?lacquer?to?make?lacquer?crafts,?the?first?country?to?take?practicability?as?purpose,?which?is?reflected?in?life?appliances. After?Han?Dynasty, the?lacquer?products?gradually?disappeared?from?the?folk?goods, while?the?dry?lacquer?was?developed. During?Wei-Jin?and?Northern?Southern?dynasties?and?the?number?of?lacquer?statues?began?to?increase. After?Song?and?Yuan?dynasties, the?title?of “dry?lacquer” was?rarely?used, and?the?title?of “bodiless” appeared?in?the?middle?of?the?Qing?Dynasty. In?recent?years, the?bodiless?lacquer?has?been?mostly?presented?to?the?world?in?the?form?of?gifts?and?works?of?art.

        II.?Qingzhou?Round-carved?Single?Buddha?Style

        During?the?Han?Dynasty,?Buddhism?was?introduced?to?China?from?India, and?a?Buddha?art?group?centered?on?Qingzhou?was?formed?in?the?eastern?part?of?China. The?single?round-carved?Buddha?is?one?of?the?two?sculpture?forms?of?Qingzhou?Buddha. The?single?Buddha?costumes?are?diversified?and?deeply?influenced?by?foreign?cultures. There?are?kasayas?with?shoulder?style, double-necked?style?and?partial?right-shoulder?style, which?have?distinctive?regional?characteristics. Different?conch?pearl?shapes, milk?nail?shapes, cone?shapes, etc. were?matched?with?low?round?meat?topknot. The?face?of?the?Buddha's?face?has?a?multi-faceted?dome?with?a?rounded?front, a?low?cheekbones?and?a?slight?squint.

        III.?Basic?Process?of?Lacquers?Three-dimensional?Modeling

        (1)Preparation?of?tool?and?material:

        The?lacquer?as?the?painting,?its?color?has?connotation?and?mystery, with?strong?oriental?aesthetic?characteristics, the?shape?can?not?be?separated?from?the?fetal?bone, such?as?jade, wooden?tires, pottery, etc., painted?on?it, processed?into?a?paint?product. The?lacquer?art?is?decorative, and?the?materials?used?are?not?only?Chinese?lacquers, but?also?gold?and?silver, shells, chicken?and?duck?eggshells, etc.

        (2)Dynamic?analysis

        When?the?gesture?of?the?Buddha?statue?is?determined, it?will?be?carefully?analyzed. Generally, the?statue?can?be?divided?into?two?parts: immobile?and?movable. The?non-moving?parts?are?three?bulks?and?limbs?of?the?Buddha?statue, and?the?movable?part?are?the?neck, the?waist?and?the?joints.

        (3)Build?a?skeleton

        The?material?for?building?the?skeleton?can?be?made?of?wood, with?aluminum?wire, nails?and?straw?ropes. It?can?also?be?welded?with?angle?iron, steel?bars?and?steel?net. Human?body?dynamics, center?of?gravity, proportion, and?structural?points?must?be?accurately?reflected.

        (4)Add?mud

        Start?from?the?chest?or?pelvis?of?the?torso, while?shaping?the?torso, add?the?mud?to?the?legs?and?the?head, and?finally?add?to?the?arms?and?the?base.

        (5)Deep?engraving

        After?the?production?of?the?previous?stage?is?completed, ?he?following?is?an?in-depth?characterization?stage. In-depth?is?to?fully?express?the?object?with?a?real?body?language. How?to?go?deeper??It?can?be?understood?from?two?aspects. One?is?to?take?the?method?of "addition?and?subtraction", and?the?other?is?to "add?and?subtract".

        (6)Gypsum?molding

        First?of?all, use?the?insert?to?divide?the?Buddha?statue?into?six?parts, the?body?has?two?parts, and?the?hands?have?four?parts. Second, apply?a?layer?of?parting?agent?to?the?Buddha's?mud. Third, the?gypsum?is?prepared. After?the?first?time,?the?gypsum?is?slightly?solidified, and?it?is?followed?by?the?gypsum?of?the?second?time. The?gypsum?of?the?second?time?should?be?properly?thickened?and?smeared?to?be?dense?and?uniform. Then?add?hemp?to?make?it?a?whole. Finally, it?is?reinforced?with?wood?to?make?the?mold?less?susceptible?to?damage?and?deformation. After?it?is?completely?solidified, the?mold?is?divided, and?then?the?mud?is?poured?out, and?the?gypsum?mold?is?completed.

        (7)After?the?original?shape?is?prepared, apply?soapy?water.

        Apply?soapy?water?to?the?inner?gypsum?exterior?of?the?Buddha?statue. The?second?application?of?soapy?water?should?be?applied?on?the?basis?of?totally?dry?condition?of?the?first?application?of?the?soapy?water.

        (8)Paint?mud?once. (raw?lacquer?+ clay)

        (9)Painting?ash?of?three?times (fine?ash, medium?ash, coarse?ash) blend?the?raw?lacquer?and?grey-tile?ash?into?paste, and?use?the?rubber?slab?to?scrape?the?inner?gypsum?exterior.

        (10) Mount?the?ramie?of?about?four?layers. The?thickness?of?the?mounting?is?determined?according?to?the?size?and?needs?of?the?styling.

        (11) After?each?mounting, shave?the?paint?once?mud?and?fill?in?the?ramie?mesh.

        (12) Painting?ash?three?times (coarse?ash, medium?ash, fine?ash)

        (13) Paint?mud?twice. (14) Fix?raw?lacquer. (15) Polishing?and?shaping. (16) Bodiless?type. (17) Painting.(18) Painted?and?decorated.

        IV.Summary?of?Chapter

        The?lacquer?art?is?closely?connected?with?the?Buddha?statue,?and?it?is?the?core?of?the?oriental?art. Through?continuous?experiments, the?effect?of?mutual?fusion?of?the?combination?of?lacquer?and?Buddha?statues?can?be?reached?and?achieved. The?combination?of?Chinese?lacquer?craft?and?Buddha?statues?is?not?only?the?demand?for?advancement?of?two?art?forms. The?development?of?lacquer?Buddha?statues?is?an?excellent?expression?of?art?diversity?in?the?modern?era. It?is?a?brave?attempt?and?innovation?on?art?and?the?impetus?of?the?artists' creative?development?and?sublimation.

        Reference:

        [1]WANG?Weihua?Study?on?Buddha?Statue?Molding?in?Longxing?Temple, Qingzhou?Fine?Arts.?P104~109

        [2]YU?Bing?Deep?Exploration?and?Development?of?Study?on?Buddha?Statues?in?Longxing?Temple, Qingzhou, Shandong]Roots?Seeking?P107~111

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