蔣韜
近幾年的書面表達都以應用文為主的半開放式作文,圍繞著“人與自我、人與社會及人與自然”三大主題來進行考查。試題特征:劃出一定范圍,也給考生留出發(fā)揮的空間;突出真實的交際需求。今年的書面表達仍然傳承了這一特征。
按理說,只要有一定的詞匯和語法基礎,得到高分并不難,因為試題本身不需要太多的詞匯和復雜的語法知識,但為什么得分不理想呢?
我們以一篇考生作文為例(語法錯誤已為其修正)。
Dear Sir or Madam,
□1 How is everything going? □2 Im Li Hua, who is a student from China. I am studying in London now. □3 I know that you will hold an exhibition which is about Chinese art in a local gallery. Im writing to you because I want to be a volunteer.
□4 Im outgoing, so I get along well with my classmates. Im interested in English. I can speak English well. I think I have no trouble in talking with English-speaking visitors.
□5 When I was in middle school, I took an active part in all kinds of activities. If I can work for you, I can do a lot for you. □6 In addition, I can learn a lot from this exhibition.
Im looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
此篇作文要點似乎齊全,語句也還算通順,但充其量也就及格分數(shù)。那么,失分點在哪里呢?
1. 開頭語不得體。
句□1How is everything going是用于私人信件,是向親戚、朋友、同學、熟人等打招呼的用語,而這是給活動主辦方寫信,顯然不符。
2. 表達繁鎖。
句□2和句○3雖本身無錯誤,但此處用定語從句則顯得勉強了,寫句子應遵循能簡則簡的原則。假如改為Im a student from China.或Im Li Hua, a student from China.以及I know that you will hold a Chinese art exhibition in a local gallery.則簡潔多了。
3. 個人優(yōu)勢體現(xiàn)得不充分。
□4□5句雖與要點有一定的關聯(lián)性,但說服理由不充分。應當圍繞“中國畫展”這一主題,來說明“個人優(yōu)勢”,如學過中國畫,了解中國畫,甚至會畫中國畫等。
4. 能做的事情幾乎沒有寫。
第□6句則屬于無效信息了,與你在“中國畫展”中能做什么毫無關系。應圍繞主題來寫:能用英語向參觀者介紹中國畫,教參觀者畫中國畫等。
5. 分段不合理。
“自我簡介與寫信目的”“個人優(yōu)勢”“能做的事個”應各寫一段,閱卷老師就清楚地知道你寫的作文要點是否齊全了。
6. 句式過于單一。
我們再看一篇考生作文:
Dear Sir or Madam,
□1 Im Li Hua, a student from China. □2 Knowing that you need some volunteers for a Chinese art exhibition to be held in your gallery, I would like to recommend myself to you.
□3 Im interested in English and Im especially good at spoken English. □4 I won several English speech contests when I was in my university, thus I think I have no problem communicating with visitors. □5 In addition, my major subject was Chinese art. □6 For this reason, Im sure I can offer better service and help those who are enthusiastic about Chinese art have a good understanding of it.
□7 I would appreciate it a lot if you can give me the opportunity. Im looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Lihua
該寫作語言規(guī)范,要點齊全,無論從結構,還是內(nèi)容,都可以說是上品了。
1. 自我介紹,用了同位語。
句□1,自我介紹,用了同位語,簡潔明了。
2. 寫信目的,用了高級結構。
句□2,“寫信目的”,也就是要點1,答題人沒有用大家慣常用的I know, I hear等,而用分詞,且這句中又包含了that引導的賓語從句及作定語的不定式短語to be held,可以說,此句很好地體現(xiàn)了答題者對語法知識的熟練運用。
3. 個人優(yōu)勢,用了豐富的句式結構。
句□3□4□5是寫作要點2,即“你的優(yōu)勢”,句□3用了并列句、句□4用了主從復合句、 句□5用了銜接詞,承上啟下。
4. 能做的事情,用了復雜結構。
句□6則用了復雜句,里面包含了賓語從句、并列句、定語從句等,其中還運用到了高級短語be enthusiastic about和help somebody do something.結構。
5. 上下段銜接自然。
句□7放在結束語之前,使上下段銜接自然,絲毫也不顯得多余。
通過這兩篇作文的對比,優(yōu)劣即現(xiàn),第一篇的缺點概括為:用語不規(guī)范、要點不明確、句式簡單、為了體現(xiàn)句式的多樣而強行使用定語從句等。而第二篇則讓人亮眼:用語規(guī)范、句式多變,上下文銜接自然,一氣呵成。
責任編輯 ? 蔣小青