孫黎

[本課選自人教版義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū) 《英語(yǔ)》（新目標(biāo)）八年級(jí)上冊(cè)。]

一、教材內(nèi)容分析

本單元的話(huà)題主要是談?wù)撐磥?lái)生活（Life in the future），本節(jié)Section B部分的閱讀課將Section A部分“談?wù)撐磥?lái)世界”的話(huà)題拓展到“談?wù)搨€(gè)人的未來(lái)生活”。2a-2e是一個(gè)整體的閱讀板塊，該單元閱讀語(yǔ)篇談?wù)摰氖菍?duì)未來(lái)機(jī)器人發(fā)展的不同預(yù)測(cè)。2a是讀前活動(dòng)，通過(guò)問(wèn)題激活學(xué)生的背景知識(shí)。2b-2d是閱讀理解活動(dòng)，2b旨在讓學(xué)生通過(guò)略讀判斷各段段落大意，以獲得對(duì)文章的整體理解。2c旨在讓學(xué)生通過(guò)細(xì)讀摘取文中有關(guān)機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在狀況的細(xì)節(jié)信息。2d的文段是對(duì)閱讀語(yǔ)篇的縮寫(xiě)，通過(guò)填詞幫助學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)換文章信息，加深對(duì)文章的理解。該活動(dòng)既關(guān)注信息，又關(guān)注語(yǔ)言，讓學(xué)生在已經(jīng)熟悉的語(yǔ)境中練習(xí)語(yǔ)言。2e是讀后討論拓展活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生在課文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)揮自己的想象，對(duì)機(jī)器人的未來(lái)發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，并與同伴分享觀點(diǎn)。本節(jié)課是一節(jié)典型的閱讀課。

二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)：

學(xué)習(xí)掌握單詞： dangerous; believe; disagree; even; agree; shapes等。

正確使用下列常用表達(dá)： human servants; over and over again; look for; fall down等。

2.語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)：

能通過(guò)標(biāo)題和圖片推測(cè)文章內(nèi)容。

能通過(guò)skimming 和scanning 等閱讀策略理解文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。

能通過(guò)填詞學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換文章信息;能展開(kāi)想象對(duì)機(jī)器人的未來(lái)發(fā)展進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。

3.學(xué)習(xí)策略：

在閱讀中嘗試概括段落大意，加強(qiáng)篇章的整體理解。

能根據(jù)篇章內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深入地了解。

能靈活運(yùn)用文章中所學(xué)的內(nèi)容展開(kāi)想象，進(jìn)行發(fā)散式學(xué)習(xí)。

4.情感態(tài)度：

讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀感受文章所傳達(dá)的積極思想，深刻感受“世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人”的含義。

讓學(xué)生把知和情轉(zhuǎn)換為行，從小事做起，為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想而努力學(xué)習(xí)。

5.文化意識(shí)：

了解未來(lái)機(jī)器人的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

三、教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：通過(guò)閱讀，加強(qiáng)對(duì)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表意功能和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，最終能夠在語(yǔ)篇中理解一般將來(lái)時(shí)的使用。

教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 嘗試使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)談?wù)撟约簩?duì)未來(lái)機(jī)器人的預(yù)測(cè)。

四.教學(xué)步驟

Step One ?Leading-in and warming-up

T：Today，well meet some new friends. Lets watch a video about them.

（Watch the video about robots in the future.）

T：Who are they？

T：What are they like？

T：What can they do？

S1：They are robots.They are like humans.They can dance.

S2：They are robots.They look like some small boys.They can walk and dance.

T：Yes，you are right.Today，well read an article to know more about robots.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過(guò)播放未來(lái)機(jī)器人的相關(guān)視頻，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，同時(shí)了解機(jī)器人的相關(guān)知識(shí)，為學(xué)生順利理解本文做好鋪墊。

Step Two ?Pre-reading

T：Do you think all robots are like humans？What else can robots do？

S1：I dont think so.I know some robots are like dogs， they can help disabled people.

S2：I know some robots are like humans， they can help students to learn.

T：Robots have different shapes.They can do the same things as humans. Do you think you will have your own robots？Close your books，lets find out the main idea of each paragraph first.

（Ask students to read the first sentence together.）

T：Now， take out the paper， underline 2 key words of each paragraph.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過(guò)視頻激發(fā)學(xué)生頭腦中關(guān)于機(jī)器人的相關(guān)知識(shí)，閱讀每段的第一句話(huà)為學(xué)生下一步的閱讀做好鋪墊。

Step Three ?While-reading

1. Skimming.

T：What are robots like and what can robots do in this article？Match the main idea according to the first sentence of each paragraph you have read and then answer 2b.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用默讀的方法，關(guān)注主題句或者關(guān)鍵詞，大體了解或者忽略支撐句，從而快速瀏覽文章，初步了解文章的內(nèi)容。

2. Scanning.

Paragraph 1

T：Robots can do the same things as humans.What can robots do in the movies？Please read paragraph 1 and answer the questions：

①What are robots like in movies？

②What can they do？

S1：They can help with the housework.They can do dirty and dangerous jobs.

T：Lets watch a video.What can this robot do？

S2：They can do housework and they are useful.I think my mom will like it.

T：Yes.Read paragraph 1 again and try to remember at least one sentence.

Paragraph 2

T：Read paragraph 2 and find out the things that robots can do today.

（Students read paragraph 2 and then answer the question.）

S1：Some robots work in the factories to build cars.They do simple jobs over and over again.

T：Pay attention to the word and the phrases：

already 已經(jīng) ? simple jobs 簡(jiǎn)單的工作 ?over and over again 反復(fù)多次

T：If you do simple jobs over and over again，what is your feeling？

S1：I will feel bored.

T：Why do humans make robots to do simple jobs over and over again？

S：I think people dont like to do boring jobs.

T：Read paragraph 2 and try to remember at least one sentence.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：讓學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題仔細(xì)閱讀文章細(xì)節(jié)。通過(guò)回答上述問(wèn)題，學(xué)生能夠了解機(jī)器人的一些基本情況。在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上處理短語(yǔ)，做到詞不離文。通過(guò)問(wèn)題引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)機(jī)器人的思考，為接下來(lái)第三段、第四段的閱讀做好示范。

Paragraph 3

T：Lets look at another picture.What can this robot do？

S1：He can play chess with Ke Jie.

T：Who will be the winner？

S1：The robot will be the winner.

S2：Ke Jie will be the winner.

T：Now，scientists are making robots look like humans.What can some robots do in Japan？Will robots think like humans？Please read paragraph 3 and answer these questions.

S1：The robots can walk and dance in Japan.

S2：Scientists have different opinions.Some scientists agree that robots will think like humans.Some scientists agree that robots will not think like humans.

（講解：1.difficult adj.困難的 2.never adv.從不;絕不 ?3.even adv.甚至）

T：Which side do you agree with？ Which side do you disagree with？ For me， I disagree with Mr.White.I think it is possible that robots can think and talk like humans.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：用蘋(píng)果手機(jī)軟件Siri （蘋(píng)果語(yǔ)音助手）進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)，現(xiàn)在手機(jī)程序已經(jīng)可以和人類(lèi)進(jìn)行有思想的對(duì)話(huà)，以此來(lái)驗(yàn)證機(jī)器人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)擁有了思想并能夠和人類(lèi)一樣進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)和溝通。

T：I believe nothing is impossible.We will never know what will happen in the future. What are your opinions？

S：I agree with you.I think there will be more robots in the future to help humans.

S：I think so. I want to make the robots to help humans do different things.

T：Different people have different opinions.And I believe we will have more robots in the future. Please read paragraph 3 again and try to remember at least one sentence.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：第三段是這篇閱讀文章的難點(diǎn)，教師設(shè)置相關(guān)問(wèn)題，幫助學(xué)生理清思路。并讓學(xué)生對(duì)文中的兩種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論，提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力。

Paragraph 4

T：When will we have more robots？ Will we have more robots in 5 or 10 years？ What will future robots look like？ Please read paragraph 4 and then answer the questions.

S1：We will have more robots in the future.

S2：No， we wont.

S3：Some robots will look like humans，and some robots will look like animals，for example，they will look like snakes.

T：What can snake robots do？

S：They can help look for people under the buildings.

（Play a video about a snake robot which is working to make students have a better understanding.）

T：Do you think snake robots would be helpful in China？

S：I think that snake robots will help Chinese，because there are earthquakes in China.

T：Read paragraph 4 again and try to remember at least one sentence.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：對(duì)于未來(lái)機(jī)器人的形狀和功能讓學(xué)生展開(kāi)聯(lián)想，并結(jié)合第四段的閱讀展開(kāi)思考。

3.Discussion.

T：What other animal robots will there be？What can … robots do？Four students work in a group，have a discussion and then show us your ideas.

設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明：讓學(xué)生在蛇形機(jī)器人的基礎(chǔ)上展開(kāi)想象，猜測(cè)未來(lái)還會(huì)有什么樣的動(dòng)物機(jī)器人，它們還能夠幫助人類(lèi)做什么，從而對(duì)文章有了更深層次的挖掘，也培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力。

（1）2c.

T：Robots can do the same things as humans. Lets finish 2c together.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過(guò)課后練習(xí)加深學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解。

（2）2d.

T：Read the article again.Fill in the blanks about 2d.

（Use two ways to check studentsanswers：1.Check with partners.2.Check together.）

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：2d的文段是對(duì)閱讀語(yǔ)篇的縮寫(xiě)，通過(guò)填詞幫助學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)換文章信息，加深對(duì)文章的理解。這項(xiàng)練習(xí)難度較大，需要學(xué)生了解閱讀篇章內(nèi)容，關(guān)注文章的語(yǔ)言。

Step Four ?Post-reading

T：Do you think youll have your own robot？What do you want your own robot to do for you？

S1：I want to have my own robots. I want them to play with me.

S2：I also want to have my own robots. They will help me to do housework.

T：I have a problem. I dont know how to drive，so I have to get up early to catch the early bus to go to work every day. I feel very tired.What robot do I want？ Guess！ Oh，I want a bird robot.What robot do you want？ What does it look like？What can it do？Take out the paper， imagine and write down some sentences about your own robot on the paper.

（Students write down something about the robot they like on the paper.After writing，ask some students to read what they have written.）

T：Nothing is impossible，I hope youll get the robot you want.And learn more knowledge to make your own robot.

T：Do you think you should only make your own robot to do things for you？

S1：No.

T：Why？Can you show us your feelings？

S1：Robots are useful， if we have robots， they may help us to do many things.

T：Yes. I hope you should not only make your own robots， you should also make more robots to help others， just like snake robots.

S2：I agree with you.We should not only think about ourselves，but also our school，our country and even the whole world.

T：Yes.You should study hard to make your dreams come true.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：把本節(jié)閱讀課學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容遷移到學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活中，讓學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)自己喜歡的機(jī)器人，并用英語(yǔ)把自己的設(shè)計(jì)介紹給大家。以這樣的活動(dòng)形式為載體，讓學(xué)生在閱讀課上練習(xí)寫(xiě)作，再結(jié)合文本，使學(xué)生體會(huì)到“世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人”，并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)，爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。

Step Five ?Summary and homework .

T：What have we learned？

S1：I read an article about the robots in the future..

S2：I learned some reading skills.

T：Homework：.1.Use 60-80 words to rewrite this article.

2.What robot do you want？（Finish your writing after class.）

T：Class is over，goodbye class.

Ss：Goodbye，teacher.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：縮寫(xiě)文章需要再讀文章，再讀文章有利于學(xué)生更好地理解課文，復(fù)習(xí)課上所學(xué)過(guò)的東西，完成未完成的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容，為下節(jié)課的寫(xiě)作課做好鋪墊。

板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)（略）

五、教學(xué)評(píng)析

本節(jié)課，孫老師能夠依據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，在一節(jié)課中將聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)等方面的技能培養(yǎng)有效結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。

本節(jié)課的亮點(diǎn)之一即教師忠于教材設(shè)計(jì)，忠于文章內(nèi)容，反復(fù)多次閱讀，為的就是讓本節(jié)閱讀課成為一節(jié)真正的閱讀課，而不是花架子。在閱讀過(guò)程中，教師設(shè)置不同問(wèn)題幫助學(xué)生閱讀文章，問(wèn)題有難有易，符合學(xué)生的理解認(rèn)知水平，也有不同梯度，讓學(xué)生在閱讀中既能輕而易舉地找到答案，又能創(chuàng)新性地進(jìn)行發(fā)散性思維。例如，在第一段閱讀時(shí)教師設(shè)置的問(wèn)題，What can the robot do in the movie？ 這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案一目了然，They can help do the housework.但是隨后教師設(shè)置的問(wèn)題就需要學(xué)生進(jìn)行思考，What do you think of this human servant？ 和Who do you think like them most？ 學(xué)生的答案各不相同，但是這些都不影響教學(xué)的效果，真正培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。這一部分通過(guò)讓學(xué)生細(xì)讀文章回答細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題，來(lái)訓(xùn)練學(xué)生尋讀獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息的閱讀技能;這是通過(guò)思維判斷文本閱讀中真正有效的信息。

本節(jié)課的亮點(diǎn)之二出現(xiàn)在教師講授第三段文章的時(shí)候。第三段是文章四段中比較難理解的一段，不僅生詞多，難句也相對(duì)較多。而且在第三段中出現(xiàn)了科學(xué)家的兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)—即隨著科技的高速發(fā)展，今后的機(jī)器人是否會(huì)擁有和人類(lèi)一樣的思維？其實(shí)這個(gè)問(wèn)題隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們的觀點(diǎn)也不盡相同，但是通過(guò)近幾年的發(fā)展看來(lái)，似乎這也是可能發(fā)生的事情，教師在提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題之后，沒(méi)有著急讓學(xué)生回答，而是拿出了自己的手機(jī)，和手機(jī)軟件里面的機(jī)器人對(duì)話(huà)，其實(shí)，在我們現(xiàn)今的手機(jī)上，例如像Siri （蘋(píng)果語(yǔ)音助手） 這樣可以和人類(lèi)輕松對(duì)話(huà)的機(jī)器人真的為我們的生活提供了更多的方便。所以，教師通過(guò)形象貼切的展示，一下拉近了與學(xué)生的距離，讓本就枯燥的討論煥發(fā)了生機(jī)，課堂氣氛瞬間達(dá)到了一個(gè)小高潮。

在讀后聯(lián)想寫(xiě)作的環(huán)節(jié)，是這節(jié)閱讀課后的一個(gè)整合和升華，能夠讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)，展開(kāi)聯(lián)想，運(yùn)用生成小的篇章，為下節(jié)寫(xiě)作課做鋪墊。教師在設(shè)計(jì)這一環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)還沒(méi)有真正做到大膽放手，還是給出了圖片等提示，如果只給學(xué)生一張白紙，沒(méi)有任何的標(biāo)題和圖片，才能真正達(dá)到激發(fā)學(xué)生想象和創(chuàng)新能力的目的，從課堂的效果和對(duì)學(xué)生長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展角度來(lái)講，長(zhǎng)此以往，會(huì)達(dá)到意想不到的效果。

總的來(lái)講，孫老師的這節(jié)閱讀課，教學(xué)中充分發(fā)揮了教師的主導(dǎo)作用和學(xué)生的主體作用，課堂氣氛寬松平等，思想教育自然，是一堂設(shè)計(jì)到位、行之有效的閱讀教學(xué)課。