王琳 王劍波 喬靜 王倩
摘 要 目的:評價(jià)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉干預(yù)對社區(qū)老年代謝綜合征患者的影響。方法:從上海田林社區(qū)65歲以上老年健康體檢數(shù)據(jù)中,選取符合代謝綜合征診斷的患者100名,隨機(jī)分成干預(yù)組和對照租,每組各50例。干預(yù)組中男性20例,女性30例,平均年齡(73.4±5.8)歲;對照組中男性21例,女性29例,平均年齡(71.6±5.2)歲。對干預(yù)組實(shí)施低速自行車騎行的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng),對照組沒有任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。干預(yù)為期12周,評價(jià)兩組患者代謝綜合癥指標(biāo)的變化情況。結(jié)果:干預(yù)后,干預(yù)組的體重指數(shù)(BMI)和腰圍(WC)平均水平均明顯低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);干預(yù)組的血壓和空腹血糖(FPG)平均水平均低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)對控制老年代謝綜合征患者的BMI、WC、FPG和血壓效果明顯,有助于減輕藥物經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和藥物副作用,提高生活質(zhì)量,是防治代謝綜合征的理想措施。
關(guān)鍵詞 有氧運(yùn)動(dòng);老年人;代謝綜合征
中圖分類號:R589 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2019)14-0060-03
Evaluation of the effect of aerobic exercise intervention on elderly patients with metabolic syndrome
WANG Lin1, WANG Jianbo2, QIAO Jing1, WANG Qian1(1. Aijianyuan Team of Tianlin Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China; 2. Chief of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise intervention on elderly patients with metabolic syndrome in the community. Methods: From the health examination data of elderly people over 65 years old in Tianlin Community of Shanghai, 100 patients who met the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group with 50 cases in each group. There were 20 males and 30 females in the intervention group with an average age of (73.4±5.8) years; there were 21 males and 29 females in the control group with an average age of (71.6±5.2) years. The intervention group was given aerobic exercise of cycling at low speed, and the control group did not exercise at all. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks, and the changes of metabolic syndrome indicators in the two groups were evaluated. Results: After intervention, the average levels of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the average blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) levels in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise intervention is effective in controlling BMI, WC, FPG and blood pressure in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome, helps to reduce the economic burden of drugs and side effects of drugs, and improves the quality of life, which is an ideal measure to prevent metabolic syndrome.
KEY WORDS aerobic exercise; elderly people; metabolic syndrome
我國成年人群代謝綜合征(MS)的患病率為30%~50%,并有逐年增高趨勢[1-2]。MS可導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,引發(fā)心腦血管等疾病。有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是指人體在氧氣充分供應(yīng)的情況下進(jìn)行的體育鍛煉[3]。本課題旨在評估有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)老年MS患者的效果。
1 對象與方法
1.1 對象
從1 420名參與健康體檢對象中選擇有代謝綜合征的65歲以上老年人100例,按參加體檢順序編號,以奇數(shù)和偶數(shù)隨機(jī)將研究對象分為干預(yù)組和對照組,每組各50例。干預(yù)組中男性20例,女性30例,平均年齡(73.4±5.8)歲;對照組中男性21例,女性29例,平均年齡(71.6±5.2)歲。兩組性別和平均年齡差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)MS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],即有中心性肥胖(男性腰圍(WC)≥90 cm,女性WC≥80 cm),且合并以下四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中任二項(xiàng):(1)三酰甘油(TG)水平≥1.7 mmol/L,或已接受相應(yīng)治療者;(2)高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-c)水平降低(男性<1.03 mmol/L,女性<1.29mmol/L),或已接受相應(yīng)治療者; (3)收縮壓(SBP)≥130 mmHg或舒張壓(DBP)≥85 mmHg,或已接受相應(yīng)治療者、或此前已被診斷為高血壓者;(4)空腹血糖(FPG)≥5.6 mmol/L,或此前已被診斷為2型糖尿病、或已接受相應(yīng)治療者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)有腎功能不全,血清肌酐超過97 mmol/L者;(2)有慢性肝臟疾病者;(3)有充血性心力衰竭,心絞痛和嚴(yán)重心律失常者;(4)有嚴(yán)重慢性阻塞性肺疾病者;(5)SBP超過160 mmHg,或DBP超過100 mmHg的高血壓者。
1.2 方法
干預(yù)組對象采用帶有耗氧量、熱量、心跳、時(shí)間、距離等顯示裝置的四肢聯(lián)動(dòng)踏車儀進(jìn)行有氧運(yùn)動(dòng),要求保持在一個(gè)較低的速度下進(jìn)行。所有研究對象在有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)前休息10 min,在開始測試的前3 min使騎自行車的輸出功率保持在20 W,以后每3 min增加20 W,直到心率達(dá)到120次/min或最大心率(男性220-年齡,女性210-年齡)的75%。期間每5 min測量1次血壓。每次運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間是15 min,每周5次,為期12周[5]。對對照組提供常規(guī)健康宣教。在干預(yù)前、干預(yù)12周后測量兩組對象WC、BMI、血壓、FPG、TG。評估干預(yù)效果。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2 結(jié)果
2.1 有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對老年MS患者肥胖指標(biāo)的影響
干預(yù)前兩組體重指數(shù)(BMI)和WC平均水平的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),干預(yù)后干預(yù)組的BMI和WC平均水平均明顯低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對老年MS患者血壓、FPG、TG的影響
干預(yù)前,兩組之間的SBP、DBP、FPG和TG平均水平的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,干預(yù)組的SBP、DBP和FPG平均水平均低于對照組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而TG的平均水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
3 討論
MS是一組在代謝上相互關(guān)聯(lián)的危險(xiǎn)組合,是一組嚴(yán)重影響機(jī)體健康的臨床癥候群,不良生活方式是其共同病因。由于飲食干預(yù)的程度很難量化[6],因此一般用運(yùn)動(dòng)作為生活方式進(jìn)行干預(yù)[7]。本次研究結(jié)果證實(shí)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對改善老年MS患者的肥胖和血壓有明顯作用,對改善血糖也有一定作用。
由于本次干預(yù)時(shí)間僅為3個(gè)月,可能存在持續(xù)時(shí)間有限,某些指標(biāo)(如TG)的改善并不明顯,但是對血糖、血壓、和肥胖的改善提示有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對MS人群是有益的。
通過有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)改善代謝綜合征患者的生活質(zhì)量是社區(qū)醫(yī)師一直努力追尋的愿望,這有利于節(jié)約醫(yī)療資源、減輕家庭和社會(huì)的負(fù)擔(dān),也有利于提高社區(qū)居民的整體健康水平[8]。但本次研究持續(xù)時(shí)間較短,研究結(jié)論還有待長期持續(xù)觀察研究的證實(shí)。
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