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        冠詞講與練

        2019-09-10 07:22:44高潔供稿
        瘋狂英語·初中版 2019年6期
        關(guān)鍵詞:定冠詞特指或事物

        高潔供稿

        1.不定冠詞a與an的用法

        2.定冠詞the的用法

        3.零冠詞及其習(xí)慣用語中冠詞的用法

        冠詞是放在名詞前面的一種虛詞,沒有詞義,沒有數(shù)和格的變化,不能單獨(dú)使用,只能幫助名詞或起名詞作用的其他詞類說明其意義。冠詞有三種:a/an 是不定冠詞,the是定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。

        1. a用在讀音為輔音開頭的名詞之前, an用在讀音為元音開頭的名詞之前。注意:

        (1)這里指的是讀音,而不是指字母。例如:

        a university/useful book/usual thing/European country

        an hour/honest boy/honor(光榮;榮幸)

        (2)另外在單獨(dú)一個(gè)字母前也用an, 如:A/E/F/H/I/L/MN/O/R/S/X

        There is an“m”in the word-music.

        2.表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),通常在首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用a/ an, 以表示與其他事物的區(qū)別。

        (1)I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天給了他一本書。

        (2)I am reading an interesting story.我在讀一本有趣的故事書。

        (3)1 have got a ticket.

        我有一張票。

        3.用在事物的度量單位前,如時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等,表示“每一個(gè)”。

        (1) We often go to school two times a day.

        我們常常一天去學(xué)校兩次。

        (2)I went to the library once a week at least.

        我一星期至少去一次圖書館。

        4.用于某些特定的詞組。

        例如:a few, a little,have a good time,have a look,a number of, have aheadache,have a rest, go for a walk等等

        5. a/an+序數(shù)詞表示“又一,再一”

        (1) I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

        我有三本書,我還想買第四本書。

        1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

        (1)Thebaginthedeskismine.桌子里的書包是我的。

        (2) Is this the book you are looking for?這是你要找的書嗎?

        (3) Do you know the man in black?你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎?

        2.如果第一次提到某人或事物的時(shí)候,用a/an,那么以后再次提到的話,就變成特指的人或事物了;或者說話雙方都知道的名詞前。

        (1)1 bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15 yuan.

        我從新華書店買了一本書。這本書值十五元。

        (2)I saw a film yesterday. The film was ended at eight o’clock.

        我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。

        (3) Open the door, please.

        請(qǐng)打開這扇門。

        3.定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。這些事物當(dāng)然是特指的事物,不可能有兩個(gè)以上。

        the sun/the moon/the earth/the sky/the world/the spring of 2010

        (1) The sun is bigger than the moon.

        太陽比月亮大。

        (2)I can see a bird in the sky.

        我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。

        (3)I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.

        我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

        4.定冠詞與形容詞連用,可表示某一類人或事物。(the +形容詞表示“一類人”)(1) The wounded were brought to the hospital.

        受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。

        (2) He always helps the poor.

        他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。

        (3) The deaf can go to this special school.

        失聰者可以進(jìn)這所特殊學(xué)校上學(xué)。

        the用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。

        (1) The Greens are very kind tous.

        格林一家 人待我們很好。

        (2) The Whites like the classic music.

        懷特一家喜歡古 典音樂。

        5.用在形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前

        (1) He is the tallest students in my class.

        他的個(gè)子是班里最高的。

        (2) Jim was the first student who came to school this morning.

        吉姆是今天早上第一個(gè)到校的學(xué)生。

        6.用在樂器前面

        play the piano/violin

        7.用在山脈、河流、海、洋、名勝古跡等專有名詞前

        the Yellow River/the Pacific Ocean/the West Lake/the Great Wall

        8.習(xí)慣用語

        in the morning/by the way/in the end/on the right

        1.人名、地名、國名等專有名詞前通常不用冠詞:

        (1) Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng

        (2) Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris

        (3) England; China; Germany; South Africa

        2.表示官銜,職位、身份的名詞前不加冠詞:

        (1) The guards took the American to General Lee.

        士兵們把這個(gè)美國人送到李將軍那里。

        (2)In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.

        1860年,林肯成為美國的總統(tǒng)。

        (3) Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1865.

        美國總統(tǒng)林肯在1865年被謀殺。

        3.當(dāng)名詞前有this/that等指示代詞、my/your等物主代詞和some/any等詞時(shí), 不用任何冠詞

        (1) This is my computer.

        這是我的電腦。

        (2) That book is their teacher's.

        那本書是他們的老師的。

        4.年份、月份、星期、日期、季節(jié)、節(jié)日等名詞前不用冠詞:

        in 198/in August/on Thursday/in spring/on August 8th

        We go to school from Monday to Friday.

        周一至周五我們?nèi)W(xué)校。

        Children's Day falls on the 1st June.

        兒童節(jié)在6月1日。

        5.“一日三餐”等名詞前不用冠詞:

        have breakfast (lunch, supper)

        I have breakfast at 7 every day.

        我每天7點(diǎn)吃早餐。

        (1)前面有形容詞修飾,需用不定冠詞;

        He had a big dinner today.他今天吃了頓豐盛的晚餐。

        (2)后面有定語修飾,需用定冠詞:

        The breakfast he had today was good.他今天吃的早餐不錯(cuò)。

        6.球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞:

        (1) play football (basketball/volleyball/tennis/table tennis)

        (2) play chess (card)

        7.當(dāng)“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship,plane”等與“by”連用,表示一種交通手段時(shí),不用冠詞:by bus, by train;

        (1) He goes to work by bike.

        他騎車去上班。

        (2) Did you come back by plane or by train?

        你坐飛機(jī)還是坐火車回來的?

        8.一些固定詞組中:go to bed, go to school, at night

        1.在某些固定詞組中。例如:athome, bybus, gotoschool等名詞前不用冠詞。2.一些短語中,有無冠詞時(shí)的意義是不一樣的。例如:

        in hospital(生病住院),in the hospital (在醫(yī)院)

        go to university(上大學(xué)),go to the university(去大學(xué))

        3.兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。

        He raises a black and a white cat.

        他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。

        The black and the white cats are hers.

        這只黑貓和白貓都是她的。

        如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞,則指一物。

        He raises a black and white cat.

        他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。

        表示成套的東西時(shí),兩個(gè)并列的名詞前只需要用一個(gè)不定冠詞。例如:

        a shirt and tie, a knife and fork

        4.有些中國傳統(tǒng)樂器前不能加定冠詞the。例如:

        erhu(二胡),pipa( 琵琶),guzheng(古箏)

        5.一日三餐前一般不加冠詞,但是一日三餐被某個(gè)詞所修飾時(shí),一般要加不定冠詞a或an。例如:

        a big breakfast, a quick supper

        6.由festival構(gòu)成的中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前需要加定冠詞the。例如:

        the Spring Festival, the Dragon-boat festival

        ()1.LeeMin-hois, ______ actor from South Korea. He sang ______ Chinesepop song on the 2014 CCTV New Year's Gala.

        A.the; an B. /; the C. an; aD. a;/

        ()2.——Look! Who's, ______ boy over there?

        ——Oh, he is my cousin, Bob. He is ______ honest boy.

        A.a; theB. the; a C. the; an D. a; an

        () 3. She likes playing______ piano; her brother likes playing. ______ basketball.

        A.the; aB. a; the C./;the.D. the;/

        ()4. I have ______ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.

        A.aB. anC. theD./

        ()5. My cousin went abroad at ______ age of eighteen.

        A.aB. anC. theD./

        ()6. I think English is ______ useful language, and it's also ______ important

        language.

        A.an; a B. a; an C. an; the D. a; the

        ()7. Mrs. Smith has ______ 8-year-old daughter who has won two nationalpainting prizes.

        A.aB. anC. theD. /

        () 8.“If you stop dropping litter, I’ll kiss. pig." the head teacherpromised the students at a school meeting.

        A.aB. anC. theD. /

        ()9.——Why did you laugh just now

        ——Ted wanted to tell us ______ very funny story, but he forgot ______ ending himself.

        A.a;an B. the; the C. the; aD. a; the

        ()10.——Can you play ______ guitar?

        ——Sure. It's a piece of cake for me.

        A.aB. anC. theD./

        ()11. Doing lots of listening practice is one of. best ways of ______ becoming ______ good language learner.

        A.the; the? B. the; a C.不填; a D. the;不填

        ()12.ifwesitby ______ window of the train, we'll have ______ better view.

        A./; the B./;aC. the; aD. the; the

        ()13.——Howwas ______ dinner at Mike's house?

        ——It was great. Mike's mum is ______ wonderful cook.

        A.a; the B.the;a C. the; the? D. a; an

        ()14.I had ______ unusual day on my last school trip.

        A.aB. anC.1D. the

        ()15.——Doyouhave ______ QQ number?

        ——No. Can you tell me how to get ______?

        A.a;it . B. the; it C. a; one D./; one

        答案

        1-5 CCDBC 6-1 0BBADC 11-1 5 BCBBC

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