卡羅琳·博洛尼亞 陳天怡

Below is a list of women who changed the world when they were young girls and teens. From promoting girls’ education to raising money for meaningful causes to marching for civil rights， their accomplishments are impressive and inspiring.

1. Ruby Bridges

In 1960 at the age of 6， Ruby Bridges became the first black student to attend William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. The first-grader faced protests and riots and had to walk to school accompanied by federal marshals. She became an icon and inspiration in the Civil Rights Movement1.

2. Malala Yousafzai

Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani human rights advocate known for her activism in promoting education for girls. In 2012， when she was just 15 years old， a Taliban gunman shot her in an assassination attempt in retaliation for her work. At the age of 17， she received the Nobel Peace Prize， becoming the youngest Nobel laureate.

3. Anne Frank

A German-born Jewish girl who moved to the Netherlands during the Nazi regime， Anne Frank rose to fame following the publication of the diary she kept while hiding from the Gestapo. After her family was discovered and arrested， Frank died at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945 at the age of 15. Her father Otto—the only surviving family member—was moved reading her diary after the war and published it posthumously2. It has been translated into more than 60 languages.

4. Alexandra Scott

Alexandra Scott was diagnosed with a form of pediatric cancer called neuroblastoma shortly before her first birthday. When she was just 4 years old， she set up her first lemonade stand in her front yard to raise money for childhood cancer research. Inspired by her story， people around the world set up their own lemonade stands to raise money for her cause. By the time she died in 2004， she had raised $1 million. Her family continues her legacy through Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation.

5. Claudette Colvin

Nine months before Rosa Parks’ famous arrest3， 15-year-old Claudette Colvin stood up against segregation in Alabama by refusing to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery. She was arrested， and a year later was one of the original plaintiffs in Browder v. Gayle， a case that led the U.S. Supreme Court to declare bus segregation laws4 in Alabama and Montgomery unconstitutional.

6. Bana Alabed

A Syrian girl named Bana Alabed grabbed the world’s attention with her series of heartbreaking tweets from inside the besieged city of Aleppo starting in 2016. Now 8 years old， Alabed continues to advocate for the people of Syria and draw attention to conditions in the war-torn country.

7. Jazz Jennings

Jazz Jennings was just 6 years old when she gave an interview to Barbara Walters for a television special about transgender children. Since that time， she’s continued to educate the world about what it means to be transgender. The LGBTQ5 activist and YouTube star has a TLC show called “I Am Jazz” and co-wrote a children’s book by the same name. Now 17， she regularly speaks out about issues affecting the trans community.

8. Audrey Faye Hendricks

In 1963， 9-year-old Audrey Faye Hendricks joined thousands of fellow kids and teens in the Children’s Crusade， a nonviolent demonstration in Birmingham to stand against segregation. Hendricks was among the hundreds of students arrested and spent about a week in jail for her activism. Images from the Children’s Crusade—which highlighted the violent response from local authorities—caused outrage around the world.

9. Capri Everitt

At the age of 11， a Canadian girl named Capri Everitt set out to raise money for orphaned and abandoned children. She achieved this by traveling with her family to 80 countries， where she sang each national anthem in the national language. Proceeds from her fundraiser went to SOS Children’s Villages6.

10. Mary Shelley

English author Mary Shelley was just 18 years old when she wrote Frankenstein， which many credit as the origin of science fiction. Thus， Shelley has been called “the teenage girl who invented science fiction.”

11. Yusra Mardini

At the age of 18， Yusra Mardini made history as one of the members of the first Olympic refugee team in Rio de Janeiro. While fleeing Syria the previous summer， she helped save the lives of fellow refugees after the overloaded dinghy taking them to Greece started to sink. She jumped into the Aegean Sea and helped push their vessel to safety.

12. Margaret E. Knight

When she was 12 years old， Margaret Knight witnessed a horrific accident involving a mechanical loom at a cotton mill. To prevent harm from befalling other mill workers， she invented a safety device for the machine， which many other mills adopted.

13. Amariyanna Copeny

When she was 8 years old， Amariyanna aka “Mari” Copeny of Flint， Michigan， wrote a powerful letter to President Barack Obama asking him to meet with her and others from the city during their visit to D.C. for the congressional hearings on the water crisis. Obama responded by saying he would be going straight to Flint to learn more about the public health crisis and see what could be done. Over the past years， “Little Miss Flint” has become a well-known activist working to better her community. “Letters from kids like you are what make me so optimistic for the future，” Obama wrote in their correspondence.

14. Yuan Yuan Tan

Chinese ballet dancer Yuan Yuan Tan started representing her country in international competitions as a young teen. At 17， she became the the youngest ever principal dancer at the San Francisco Ballet， as well as the first Chinese dancer to earn that title in a major Western company. She gives talks around the world， inspiring young dancers to follow their artistic dreams.

15. Sylvia Mendez

At 8 years old， Sylvia Mendez was instrumental7 in a landmark 1946 desegregation case， which helped pave the way for the civil rights movement and future integration. Mendez v. Westminster challenged the policy that Latino students like Mendez， who was of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent， couldn’t attend “whites-only schools” and had to go to so-called “Mexican schools.” Following the success of the case， Mendez became one of the first Latino children to attend a previously all-white school and grew up to become an acclaimed civil rights activist.

16. Bindi Irwin

Bindi Irwin carried on her father Steve Irwin8’s conservation legacy following his death in 2006. When she was 8 years old， she launched “Bindi the Jungle Girl” to encourage more kids to get interested in animals and wildlife conservation. She has continued to make TV appearances， published books and furthered her father’s causes.

下列女性在兒童或青少年時(shí)期就改變了世界。她們的成就，無論是促進(jìn)女童教育、為有意義的事業(yè)募捐，還是參與民權(quán)游行，都令人矚目且鼓舞人心。

1. 魯比·布里吉斯

1960年，6歲的魯比·布里吉斯成為新奧爾良州威廉弗朗茨小學(xué)的首名黑人學(xué)生。面對(duì)抗議和暴動(dòng)，就讀一年級(jí)的她不得不在聯(lián)邦法警的陪同下走去學(xué)校。她由此成為民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一個(gè)標(biāo)志人物，激勵(lì)了運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。

2. 馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福

馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福是巴基斯坦的人權(quán)斗士，以積極推動(dòng)女童教育而聞名。2012年，她年僅15歲時(shí)，一名塔利班槍手出于對(duì)她所做工作的報(bào)復(fù)，試圖暗中槍殺她。17歲那年，她獲得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)，成為最年輕的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。

3. 安妮·弗蘭克

安妮·弗蘭克是生于德國的猶太人，在納粹統(tǒng)治時(shí)期遷往荷蘭居住。躲避蓋世太保期間，她寫下了一本日記，后經(jīng)出版而聞名于世。弗蘭克在全家被發(fā)現(xiàn)并逮捕后，于1945年死于伯根—貝爾森集中營，終年15歲。她的父親奧托是唯一幸存的家庭成員，戰(zhàn)后讀到她的日記，深受感動(dòng)并將日記出版。這本日記已被譯成60多種語言。

4. 亞歷山德拉·斯科特

亞歷山德拉·斯科特在即將年滿1周歲時(shí)被診斷患有一種兒科癌癥——神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞癌。年僅4歲時(shí)，她在家中前院搭起了第一個(gè)檸檬水小攤，為兒童癌癥研究籌款。世界各地的人們?yōu)樗墓适滤奈瑁娂姶钇鹱约旱臋幟仕?，為她支持的事業(yè)募捐。2004年她去世之時(shí)，已經(jīng)籌集了100萬美元善款。她的家人通過“亞歷克斯檸檬水小攤基金”繼續(xù)完成她生前的愿望。

5. 克勞德特·科爾文

著名的羅莎·帕克斯被捕事件發(fā)生9個(gè)月前，15歲的克勞德特·科爾文在亞拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利的一輛公交上拒絕讓座，以示對(duì)種族隔離的反抗。她遭到逮捕，1年后，成為布勞德訴蓋爾案的初審原告之一，美國最高法院在該案中宣布亞拉巴馬州和蒙哥馬利市的公交隔離法違憲。

6. 芭娜·阿拉貝德

自2016年起，一個(gè)名叫芭娜·阿拉貝德的敘利亞女孩在被圍困的阿勒頗城中發(fā)布了一系列令人心碎的推特，吸引了全世界的目光。阿拉貝德現(xiàn)已8歲，仍然在為敘利亞民眾奔走，呼吁大家關(guān)注這個(gè)戰(zhàn)火紛飛的國家。

7. 潔絲·詹寧斯

潔絲·詹寧斯年僅6歲時(shí)就在一期關(guān)于跨性別兒童的電視專題節(jié)目中接受了芭芭拉·沃爾特斯的采訪。此后，她一直在向世界講述跨性別者的人生。作為LGBTQ積極分子和優(yōu)兔紅人，她在TLC上開設(shè)了一檔節(jié)目“我是潔絲”，并與人合著了一本同名兒童讀物。她現(xiàn)已17歲，經(jīng)常公開探討跨性別群體所面臨的問題。

8. 奧黛麗·法耶·亨德里克斯

1963年，9歲的奧黛麗·法耶·亨德里克斯和數(shù)千名兒童與青少年一起，參加了伯明翰的非暴力反種族隔離示威活動(dòng)“兒童十字軍”。作為數(shù)百名被捕學(xué)生中的一員，亨德里克斯由于積極參與活動(dòng)，在監(jiān)獄被關(guān)押了約1周。兒童十字軍活動(dòng)的影像突顯了地方當(dāng)局的暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，引起了世界各國民眾的憤慨。

9. 卡普里·艾福利特

加拿大女孩卡普里·艾福利特11歲時(shí)開始為孤兒和棄兒籌集善款。她為此在家人的陪伴下前往80個(gè)國家，用該國語言演唱該國國歌。她將募捐所得都捐贈(zèng)給了SOS兒童村。

10. 瑪麗·雪萊

英格蘭作家瑪麗·雪萊年僅18歲時(shí)就寫出了被許多人譽(yù)為科幻開山之作的《弗蘭肯斯坦》，因此被稱為“發(fā)明了科幻的少女”。

11. 尤思拉·馬爾蒂尼

尤思拉·馬爾蒂尼18歲時(shí)，作為里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會(huì)難民代表隊(duì)的一員創(chuàng)造了歷史。前一年夏天，在逃離敘利亞前往希臘時(shí)，她乘坐的救生艇因超載開始下沉。她跳進(jìn)愛琴海，幫助將小艇推到安全地帶，拯救了難民同胞的生命。

12. 瑪格麗特·E.奈特

12歲時(shí)，瑪格麗特·奈特在棉紡廠目睹了一起機(jī)械紡織機(jī)造成的慘案。為防止其他紡織廠工人受傷，她發(fā)明了一種紡織機(jī)安全裝置，后有多家棉紡廠采用。

13. 阿瑪尼亞娜·科本尼

密歇根州弗林特市8歲的女孩阿瑪尼亞娜·科本尼 （也被稱為“瑪尼”·科本尼）寫了一封慷慨激昂的信給奧巴馬總統(tǒng)，請(qǐng)求總統(tǒng)在她和同伴前往華盛頓參加水危機(jī)國會(huì)聽證時(shí)與他們見面。奧巴馬回信稱，他會(huì)直接前往弗林特了解這一公共衛(wèi)生危機(jī)的情況，并尋求對(duì)策。過去幾年，“小弗林特女士”已經(jīng)成為一位為所在社區(qū)謀求福利的著名活動(dòng)家。奧巴馬在兩人的通信中寫道：“正是像你這樣的孩子寫來的信，讓我對(duì)未來充滿信心?！?/p>

14. 譚元元

中國芭蕾舞演員譚元元十幾歲時(shí)就開始代表國家參與國際賽事。17歲時(shí)，她成為舊金山芭蕾舞團(tuán)歷史上最年輕的領(lǐng)舞，也是在西方大型舞團(tuán)獲此殊榮的首位中國舞者。她在世界各地演講，激勵(lì)年輕的舞蹈演員追尋自己的藝術(shù)夢(mèng)想。

15. 西爾維婭·門德斯

8歲的西爾維婭·門德斯是1946年一樁消除種族歧視案件的關(guān)鍵人物，這一標(biāo)志性案件為民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)和此后的種族融合奠定了基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)時(shí)的政策不允許墨西哥和波多黎各血統(tǒng)的門德斯以及像她一樣的拉丁裔學(xué)生進(jìn)入“白人學(xué)?！睂W(xué)習(xí)，而必須去所謂的“墨西哥學(xué)?！鄙蠈W(xué)。門德斯訴威斯敏斯特學(xué)區(qū)案對(duì)這一政策提出了質(zhì)疑。門德斯勝訴后，成為一所前白人學(xué)校的首批拉丁裔學(xué)生之一，并最終成長為受人愛戴的民權(quán)活動(dòng)家。

16. 賓蒂·歐文

在父親史蒂夫·歐文2006年去世后，賓蒂·歐文繼承了父親保護(hù)自然資源的遺志。她8歲時(shí)推出了電視系列節(jié)目“叢林女孩賓蒂”，鼓勵(lì)更多兒童關(guān)注動(dòng)物和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)。今天，她仍在參與電視節(jié)目、出版圖書并延續(xù)父親的事業(yè)。