喬興科 石蘊(yùn)琦 王永新
【摘要】 目的 探討脂蛋白a (Lp-a)對(duì)經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(PCI)后再狹窄的意義。方法 174例 PCI術(shù)患者行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影(CAG)檢查, 依據(jù)造影結(jié)果分為再狹窄組(26例, 共44處病變)和非再狹窄組(148例, 共234處病變);所有患者術(shù)前及隨訪時(shí)均行Lp-a檢測(cè), 比較兩組Lp-a水平;并根據(jù) Lp-a>300 mg/L情況分為L(zhǎng)p-a增高組與Lp-a降低組, 比較兩組再狹窄情況。結(jié)果 再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(252±156)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(338±114)mg/L, Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占46.2%;非再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(238±142)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(286±96)mg/L, Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占24.3%;術(shù)前1 d再狹窄組和非再狹窄組Lp-a濃度比較, 差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月再狹窄組Lp-a 濃度高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);再狹窄組Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占比高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Lp-a增高組再狹窄率為25.0%, 高于Lp-a降低組的11.1%, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 對(duì)老年急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征患者PCI術(shù)后進(jìn)行Lp-a篩查, 有助于對(duì)再狹窄的預(yù)測(cè)判斷和對(duì)陽(yáng)性患者進(jìn)行藥物干預(yù), 從而有助于改善患者預(yù)后。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 脂蛋白a;經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入術(shù);再狹窄
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.06.008
【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the significance of lipoprotein a (Lp-a) in restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 174 PCI patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) according to the results of coronary angiography were divided into restenosis group (26 cases, 44 lesions) and non-restenosis group (148 cases, 234 lesions). All patients underwent Lp-a test before operation and during follow-up. The Lp-a levels in the two groups were compared and divided into Lp-a and Lp-a groups according to Lp-a>300 mg/L. The restenosis was compared between the two groups. Results Restenosis group had 1 d Lp-a concentration as (252±156) mg/L at 1 d before operation and(338±114) mg/L at 6.5 months after operation, 46.2% of patients with Lp-a>300 mg/L, which were (238±142) mg/L, (286±96) mg/L and 24.3% in non-restenosis group. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of Lp-a between the restenosis group and the non-restenosis group 1 day before operation (P>0.05). Restenosis group had higher concentration of Lp-a than non-restenosis group at 6.5 months after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Restenosis group had higher proportion of Lp-a>300 mg/L than non-restenosis group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The restenosis rate of Lp-a increased group was 25.0%, which was higher than 11.1% of Lp-a decreased group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Lp-a screening in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after PCI is helpful for predicting restenosis and drug intervention in positive patients, so as to improve the prognosis of patients.
【Key words】 Lipoprotein a; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Restenosis
經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)標(biāo)志冠心病治療進(jìn)入新階段, 也是目前冠心病治療最有效手段, 但術(shù)后支架內(nèi)再狹窄(in-stent restenosis, ISR)是影響療效的主要原因之一。Lp-a促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及血栓形成, 影響抗炎和纖溶系統(tǒng)平衡, 是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和心腦血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)因素[1, 2], 因而推測(cè)其可促進(jìn)再狹窄發(fā)生。本研究通過(guò)測(cè)定PCI術(shù)前1 d及術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月Lp-a水平, 探討Lp-a與支架術(shù)后再狹窄關(guān)系。報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選擇2012年2月~2013年10月在本院行PCI的174例冠心病患者, 入選病例需符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]?;颊咝g(shù)后如伴有胸痛發(fā)作, 即行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影(coronary angiography CAG)檢查;如無(wú)心絞痛發(fā)作, 術(shù)后6個(gè)月復(fù)查CAG。再狹窄診斷以復(fù)查CAG顯示原病變部位支架內(nèi)和節(jié)段內(nèi)血管管腔直徑狹窄≥50%, 心肌缺血復(fù)發(fā)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完成CAG術(shù)后5~10個(gè)月隨訪, 依據(jù)造影結(jié)果分為再狹窄組(26例, 共44處病變)和非再狹窄組(148例, 共234處病變)。再狹窄組患者平均年齡(67.30±6.25)歲, 平均術(shù)前狹窄程度(84.30±8.56)%;非再狹窄組患者平均年齡(63.25±8.96)歲, 平均術(shù)前狹窄程度(82.33±10.12)%。兩組患者年齡、術(shù)前 狹窄程度等一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性。
1. 2 方法 采用冠狀動(dòng)脈定量分析軟件心血管造影系統(tǒng)(Artis zee floor, 德國(guó)西門(mén)子)計(jì)算冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度。所有患者術(shù)前及隨訪時(shí)均行Lp-a檢測(cè), 患者術(shù)前1 d及術(shù)后 6.5個(gè)月CAG時(shí)抽空腹靜脈血2 ml, 注入含10%乙二胺四乙酸二鈉(EDTA-2Na)60 μl和抑肽酶80 μl的試管中, 混勻, 3000 rpm 離心10 min, 取血清, 置-70℃保存?zhèn)錅y(cè)。免疫比濁法測(cè)定血清Lp-a含量。正常值參考范圍:Lp-a>300 mg/L。
1. 3 觀察指標(biāo) 比較再狹窄組和非再狹窄組PCI術(shù)前1 d、術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月Lp-a濃度及Lp-a>300 mg/L情況, 并根據(jù)Lp-a >300 mg/L情況分為L(zhǎng)p-a增高組與Lp-a降低組Lp-a增高組與Lp-a降低組再狹窄率。
1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 再狹窄組和非再狹窄組PCI術(shù)前1 d和術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月Lp-a濃度及Lp-a>300 mg/L情況比較 再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(252±156)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(338±114)mg/L, Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占46.2%;非再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(238±142)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(286±96)mg/L, Lp-a >300 mg/L患者占24.3%;術(shù)前1 d再狹窄組和非再狹窄組Lp-a濃度比較, 差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月再狹窄組Lp-a濃度高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);再狹窄組Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占比高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2. 2 Lp-a增高組與Lp-a降低組再狹窄率比較 以Lp-a >300 mg/L為L(zhǎng)p-a增高組, 以Lp-a<300 mg/L為L(zhǎng)p-a降低組。Lp-a增高組再狹窄率為25.0%, 高于Lp-a降低組的11.1%, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
3 討論
PCI術(shù)治療冠心病的同時(shí)支架內(nèi)再狹窄一直困擾醫(yī)生和患者, 影響心血管患者介入治療的療效及預(yù)后[4]。研究表明, Lp-a是冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素, 且血清Lp-a水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)[5]。其在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化與血栓形成中起著重要的橋梁和紐帶作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn), PCI后會(huì)出現(xiàn)Lp-a的急性增高[6], 這可能與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化損傷處斑塊破裂有關(guān)。本研究顯示, 再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(252± 156)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(338±114)mg/L, Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占46.2%;非再狹窄組術(shù)前1 d Lp-a濃度為(238±142)mg/L, 術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月為(286±96)mg/L, Lp-a>300 mg/L患者占24.3%;術(shù)前1 d再狹窄組和非再狹窄組Lp-a濃度比較, 差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6.5個(gè)月再狹窄組Lp-a濃度高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);再狹窄組Lp-a >300 mg/L患者占比高于非再狹窄組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Lp-a增高組再狹窄率為25.0%, 高于Lp-a降低組的11.1%, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示Lp-a水平升高可能與PCI術(shù)后再狹窄相關(guān)。有研究表明, 運(yùn)動(dòng)或體力活動(dòng)可能降低Lp-a水平, 一些藥物(如煙酸、阿司匹林等)也可降低Lp-a水平。但也有研究表明, 降低Lp-a水平是把雙刃劍, 降低Lp-a水平同時(shí)導(dǎo)致其他原因的病死率升高, 如癌癥[7]。
總之, 對(duì)老年急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征患者PCI術(shù)后進(jìn)行Lp-a篩查, 有助于對(duì)再狹窄的預(yù)測(cè)判斷和對(duì)陽(yáng)性患者進(jìn)行藥物干預(yù), 從而有助于改善患者預(yù)后。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Van Lennep JE, Mulder MT. Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascularrisk factor. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 2011, 155(42):A3582.
[2] Frohlich J, Al-Sarraf A. Cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis prevention. Cardiovasc Pathol, 2013, 22(1):16-18.
[3] 喬興科, 石蘊(yùn)琦, 袁龍, 等. 基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9和內(nèi)皮素-1評(píng)價(jià)冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)支架術(shù)后再狹窄的意義. 中國(guó)心血管病研究, 2013, 11(7):484-488.
[4] Wilson WM, Walsh S, Hanratty C, et al. A novel approach to the management of occlusive in-stent restenosis (ISR). Euro Intervention, 2014, 9(11):1285-1293.
[5] Morniyama Y, Ohmori R, Fayad AZ, et al. Association between serum lipoprotein (a) levels and the severity of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 2012, 222(1):241-244.
[6] Wang JJ, Zhang CN, Han AZ, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention results in acute increases in native and oxidized lipoprotein(a) in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable coronaryartery disease. ClinBiochem, 2010, 43(13/14):1107-1111.
[7] Lippi G. Lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a double edged sword? Atherosclerosis, 2015, 242(2):504-505.
[收稿日期:2018-11-26]