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完型填空試題主要特點(diǎn)

高考完型填空通常從一篇250詞左右，夾敘夾議的文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空.沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟：很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語(yǔ)篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。

正確的完形填空的解題步驟

細(xì)讀首句，跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文， 把握大意.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案.瞻前顧后，先易后難， 個(gè)個(gè)擊破.再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查.

細(xì)讀文章的第一句話(huà)：

高考完形填空選文的第一句話(huà)通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（Topic Sentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。

充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開(kāi)思維，爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局勝利。

對(duì)于敘事，描述類(lèi)文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物（who），時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)（where），和事件（what）等背景情況。例：

It was a busy morning，about 8：30，when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .

對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：

A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed， read and 21 .

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)

高考完形填空考什么？考詞匯題，句際關(guān)系；篇章結(jié)構(gòu)（語(yǔ)境） .

詞匯題：

1.復(fù)現(xiàn)

I had some 28 in my pocker， but I would not give them to him， thinking to myself he would 29（ only） use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.

28. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs

2.詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配

The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area， 37（telling） him it would be at least 40 minutes 38（before） someone would be able to see him .

36 A. breath B. test C. seat D. break

語(yǔ)境-固定搭配：C

3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義

The happiest people dont 53（necessarily ） have the best of everything；they just 54 the best of everything they have .

54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try

語(yǔ)境-詞義辨析B

4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇

Born in America ， I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three . my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face ， but I pushed them 37 （aside ） ， ……

36. A. Customer B. games C .characters D. language

常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)C

句際關(guān)系：1.語(yǔ)法手段.2.邏輯手段

1.語(yǔ)法手段

I then 32（realized ） I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking.

33. A. it B. all C. him D. them

語(yǔ)法-指代：C

As a policeman，I saw 27 there was violence， drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28（impact） on the kids. ”

27. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether

語(yǔ)法-句型：A.賓語(yǔ)從句

2.邏輯手段

Bean is a white dog， quite handsome and very 38 .

38. A. smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy

語(yǔ)境-同類(lèi)并列關(guān)系：A

Then she looked at my father and replied，“You are 40（wrong）.

This is not the worst boy at all， 41

the smartest one who hasnt yet found an outlet（釋放的途徑）for his enthusiasm.”

41. A.but B.so C.and D.or

語(yǔ)境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配：A

總之完型填空考查內(nèi)容為：語(yǔ)篇信息（語(yǔ)境理解），其中包括：詞匯手段；語(yǔ)法手段；邏輯手段.解題過(guò)程中應(yīng)做到：注意上下文語(yǔ)境（context）；了解常識(shí)背景（common sense）；掌握習(xí)慣搭配（phrases & idioms）；運(yùn)用詞義辨析 （comparison）；運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法分析（grammar analysis）；運(yùn)用邏輯分析 （logical analysis ）；運(yùn)用排除法 （exclusive method ）.

（作者單位：陜西省咸陽(yáng)市百靈學(xué)校）