金仙仙

1 內(nèi)容選擇

選擇的文章來(lái)自于《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)科考試說(shuō)明（高考綜合改革試驗(yàn)省份試用）（第一版）》上第24頁(yè)的概要寫(xiě)作樣本。

1.1 教材分析

這篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述的是不同時(shí)期人們對(duì)于dirt到底有益身體還是有害身體的不同看法。即：in the early 16th century， ever since 18th century， 和nowadays， 人們對(duì)dirt的一個(gè)態(tài)度變化。文章屬于總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。

1.2 學(xué)情分析

學(xué)生不知道如何去精準(zhǔn)地抓要點(diǎn)。學(xué)生在課前概要練習(xí)中，通過(guò)習(xí)作可以看出大部分同學(xué)都是照搬原文中每一段的main idea，而沒(méi)有將其轉(zhuǎn)換成自己的語(yǔ)言。

1.3 教學(xué)目標(biāo)

（1） 能夠有意識(shí)地通過(guò)分析文章框架抓要點(diǎn)

（2）在抓要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞，如however， but等；知道在概括要點(diǎn)時(shí)，如何處理多個(gè)例子文段；明白主題句并不等同于要點(diǎn)。

（3）初步知道用同義詞，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的方法改寫(xiě)句子。

2 教學(xué)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)

Step1 Lead in

T：It seems we come across the difficulty in how to get the main points and changing them into our own words. Todays lesson， we mainly focus on these two aspects.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：學(xué)生概要寫(xiě)作后，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生再次解讀概要寫(xiě)作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。針對(duì)學(xué)生的主要問(wèn)題，引出這堂課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

Step2：How to get the main ideas

Task1：Comparison

Q1：Whats the topic of this passage？

Para1：

①Getting rid of dirt， in the opinion of most people， is a good thing.

② However， there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

Tip1：

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：很多學(xué)生潛意識(shí)里覺(jué)得主題句都是文章第一句。針對(duì)學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤，讓學(xué)生在課堂中再思考，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行技巧點(diǎn)撥， 讓學(xué)生關(guān)注文本中轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞， 如however， but， yet， though， although， even though， in spite of， despite…， 讓學(xué)生感悟 轉(zhuǎn)折性詞語(yǔ)從而確定文章的topic.

Q2：Whats the writing logic of the passage？

A. Place B. Time C. Cause and Effect

Q3：Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage？

I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point（次要點(diǎn)） C：Conclusion

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：向?qū)W生滲透，在概要寫(xiě)作中，通過(guò)思考文章的寫(xiě)作邏輯，繪制思維導(dǎo)圖，可以讓學(xué)生更快速，更好地把握文章框架，從而不易漏掉要點(diǎn)。從而得出文章要點(diǎn)的整體框架。

Task3：How to deal with details

Para2：In the early 16th century， people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease， as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：很多同學(xué)在概要寫(xiě)作時(shí)，as后面的句子到底屬于要點(diǎn)還是細(xì)節(jié)分不清楚。通過(guò)再次解讀這部分，讓學(xué)生意識(shí)到第三個(gè)技巧：Cut out the details：all the details that explain the main ideas can be left out.

Task4：Thinking：Does the following sentences have the same or different meanings？

Para3：

①Student A：Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18th century.

② Student B：Cleaning away dirt is good to health.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：這兩個(gè)句子意思差不多，都可以作為第三段的主題句。讓學(xué)生知道，一個(gè)段落中有時(shí)候幾個(gè)句子同時(shí)都可以作為主題句。

Task5：Does topic sentence equals to main point？

Ss：“Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.”

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：該篇概要寫(xiě)作材料第四段比較特殊，它的第一句是該段主題句，但僅僅寫(xiě)這句作為該段的要點(diǎn)是不夠準(zhǔn)確的，因?yàn)槲覀儫o(wú)法從這句話得出現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)待dirt的態(tài)度。設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題主要讓學(xué)生去感知不能將段落的主題句等同于段落要點(diǎn)。

Task6：Is it a good summary？ Tell your reasons..

There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.（I） In the 16th century， People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease， including some Kings in Europe.（P1） However， Since the 18th century， dirt has not been regarded as a nice neighbor. （P2）But nowadays， some scientists encourage children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. （P3）

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：這篇概要好的方面在于已經(jīng)使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接詞，同時(shí)它已經(jīng)涵蓋了所有要點(diǎn)，而不足在于違背了評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里的“完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言”這條。

Step3 Rewrite the main points

Task1：Rewrite：① There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

同義替換

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

句型轉(zhuǎn)換

Task2：Group Work：Have a try

Rewrite：② In the early 16th century， people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：通過(guò)小組討論，改寫(xiě)句子，學(xué)生呈現(xiàn)，學(xué)生互評(píng)，教師點(diǎn)評(píng)等手段，強(qiáng)化學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換法在概要寫(xiě)作中的作用。

Task3：Polish your summary

【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】：讓學(xué)生根據(jù)本課概要寫(xiě)作的方法，對(duì)自己課前練習(xí)寫(xiě)過(guò)的這篇概要進(jìn)行修訂，潤(rùn)色。

Homework：Summary Writing：

Read the passage in your work sheet and write a summary of about 60 words for it， using what we have learned in this class.

（作者單位：浙江省永嘉中學(xué)）