程廣斌 陳曦

關(guān)鍵詞：可持續(xù)發(fā)展;環(huán)境規(guī)制;技術(shù)門檻;門檻模型

摘要：“環(huán)境保護(hù)”和“創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動”是聚焦高質(zhì)量發(fā)展總目標(biāo)下推動可持續(xù)發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之義。本文基于環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和可持續(xù)發(fā)展間的作用機(jī)理，采用中國大陸30個?。ㄊ?、自治區(qū)）2004-2016年的省級面板數(shù)據(jù)建立動態(tài)面板模型，定性定量檢驗三者之間的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明：就全國層面而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)沫h(huán)境規(guī)制能夠激發(fā)企業(yè)綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新活動， 環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步以及二者的互動都能顯著推動區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展，進(jìn)而“波特假說”被證實;而就區(qū)域分組結(jié)果來看，環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的推動并不是無條件的，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和創(chuàng)新能力總體落后于東中部的西部來說，環(huán)境規(guī)制通過將環(huán)境成本內(nèi)部化，增加企業(yè)的私人經(jīng)營成本，產(chǎn)生擠出效應(yīng)，減少了企業(yè)的研發(fā)投入，不利于企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新活動的開展，環(huán)境規(guī)制對需要跨越一定的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新門檻才能對可持續(xù)發(fā)展發(fā)揮積極的推動作用，從而“波特假說”被證偽。

中圖分類號：F061.5

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

文章編號：10012435（2019）03006909

Abstract：Environmental protection and innovation-driven are the proper meanings of promoting sustainable development under the overall goal of focusing on high-quality development. This paper uses the provincial panel data of 2004-2016 provinces in 30 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in mainland China， bases on the interaction mechanism between environmental regulation， technological progress and sustainable development， establishes the dynamic panel model to examine the relationship between the three qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that ：at the national level， appropriate environmental regulation can stimulate enterprises'green technological innovation activities. Environmental regulation， technological progress and their interaction can significantly promote regional sustainable development， and then the “Porter hypothesis” is confirmed. From the results of regional grouping， the promotion of environmental regulation and technological progress on sustainable development is not unconditional. As far as the level of economic development and innovation ability are generally lagging behind the western part of the eastern and central regions， environmental regulation is not conducive to the development of technological innovation activities by internalizing environmental costs， increasing the private operating costs of enterprises， resulting in crowding-out effect， reducing the R&D investment of enterprises. That is to say， environmental regulation has to cross a certain threshold of technological innovation to play a positive role in promoting sustainable development， thus the “Porter Hypothesis” has been falsified.

習(xí)近平總書記在中國共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國代表大會所作的《決勝全面建成小康社會，奪取新時代中國特色社會主義偉大勝利》報告中指出：“我國經(jīng)濟(jì)已由高速增長階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段。”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展以科技創(chuàng)新為手段，以人民向往為出發(fā)點，以實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展為最終目的，而發(fā)展質(zhì)量的高低取決于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展能否滿足人民對美好生活的不斷增長的要求，其中最為直接的就是同人民生產(chǎn)生活密切相關(guān)的對環(huán)境的要求。[1]繼2015年1月我國開始實施史上最嚴(yán)格環(huán)保法后，各省份也相繼出臺新的地方性環(huán)境保護(hù)的規(guī)章條例提升環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度，釋放出加強(qiáng)環(huán)保力度的積極信號。環(huán)境規(guī)制作為推動經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要政策工具，其本質(zhì)是使企業(yè)排污造成的社會成本內(nèi)部化，促使企業(yè)節(jié)能減排、加快技術(shù)革新，在實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)的同時又推動技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。在現(xiàn)實中，不少企業(yè)卻將綠色制造視作負(fù)擔(dān)，由于研發(fā)成本過高、研發(fā)能力不足等原因無法進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和管理方式的優(yōu)化革新，環(huán)境規(guī)制和技術(shù)進(jìn)步無法有機(jī)結(jié)合，甚至造成了更大的負(fù)外部性。資源環(huán)境約束和自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)現(xiàn)已成為推動中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要制約瓶頸，因此，厘清環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步與可持續(xù)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系，有助于推動經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。