文/比爾·莫納漢（Bill Monahan） 譯/張佳藝 供圖/羅麗軍

國(guó)際城市管理協(xié)會(huì)（ICMA）是全球城市市政官的會(huì)員機(jī)構(gòu)，總部設(shè)在華盛頓特區(qū)，目前有1.2萬(wàn)名會(huì)員。2018年9月底，ICMA一年一度的年會(huì)在美國(guó)馬里蘭州巴爾的摩市舉行，逾3000名會(huì)員出席了此次年會(huì)。

International City/County Management Association (ICMA), is a membership organization of over 12,000 city managers based in Washington, D.C. (Annually, the association holds an annual conference, with the 2018 conference held in late September in Baltimore, Maryland, the U.S. Over 3,000 members attended.)

ICMA國(guó)際委員會(huì)的分支機(jī)構(gòu)遍布世界各地，當(dāng)然也包括中國(guó)。自2011年起，ICMA與中國(guó)政法大學(xué)合作，共同管理ICMA中國(guó)中心。中心旨在通過(guò)提供信息與服務(wù)，以提高中國(guó)城市管理質(zhì)量。此外，來(lái)自世界各地的ICMA專業(yè)人士都有機(jī)會(huì)參加ICMA中國(guó)中心的項(xiàng)目，了解、學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)城市化高速度、大規(guī)模發(fā)展的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

The International Committee of ICMA has affiliations around the world, including in China. Since 2011, ICMA has partnered with the China University of Political Science and Law to operate the ICMA China Center. The mission of the Center is to improve the quality of city management in China by providing information and services. In addition, through the Center's programs, ICMA's professionals from around the world have had the opportunity to learn from Chinese experience with rapid, large scale urbanization.

2014年，ICMA國(guó)際委員會(huì)在中國(guó)揚(yáng)州成功召開(kāi)春季會(huì)議。此后，ICMA中國(guó)中心組織了4次對(duì)中國(guó)城市的訪問(wèn)之旅。2015年，訪問(wèn)正式啟動(dòng)，最初只有5名成員加入，分別是前ICMA執(zhí)行總裁鮑勃·奧尼爾、中心執(zhí)行主任羅麗軍、ICMA亞洲區(qū)主任卡瑞爾·磐蒂·絲拉妲和其他兩名ICMA會(huì)員。最近兩年每次訪問(wèn)團(tuán)人數(shù)已突破20人。

In 2014, the ICMA International Committee held a highly successful spring meeting in Yangzhou, China. Since then, the Center has conducted four Center study tours to Chinese cities. The Center tours started in 2015 with a group of five: former ICMA Executive Director Bob O'Neill, Center Executive Director Luo Lijun, ICMA Regional Director for Asia Shraddha Kharel-Pandey, and two ICMA member participants.Member participation has increased to over twenty in each tour of the last two years.

一般情況下，訪問(wèn)于每年4月進(jìn)行。起初，每個(gè)訪問(wèn)團(tuán)的始發(fā)地為深圳或青島，終點(diǎn)為北京。但隨著中美土地工程合作會(huì)議的召開(kāi)，訪問(wèn)連續(xù)三年在西安落幕。兵馬俑等古都西安的其他歷史遺跡成為必去景點(diǎn)，這無(wú)形中為行程增添了無(wú)窮魅力。

Typically, the tours are held in April. The original gathering point for each tour has been either Shenzhen or Qingdao. Initially, the end point was Beijing, but in each of the last three years the tour has concluded in Xi'an with the Sino-America Land Engineering Cooperation Conference. Following the last three conferences the trips were enhanced with a tour of the terra cotta warriors and other historic features of the ancient capital city of Xi'an.

訪問(wèn)之旅概況

訪問(wèn)的主要內(nèi)容包括：參加會(huì)議，發(fā)表演講，與當(dāng)?shù)卣賳T會(huì)晤商討，參觀工業(yè)、歷史遺跡與政府設(shè)施等。

所有參訪成員每年都至少有一次與會(huì)演講的機(jī)會(huì)。如在聚焦于城市治理大數(shù)據(jù)、城市管理系統(tǒng)升級(jí)、城市管理安全強(qiáng)化、智能交通與城市發(fā)展的2018年ICMA青島年會(huì)上，眾多訪問(wèn)者登臺(tái)演講。在深圳召開(kāi)的外國(guó)專家會(huì)議上的發(fā)言狀況也如此，在廣州還有人圍繞旅游與休閑游徑的使用發(fā)表講話。

Tour Content

The typical things during the tour are: attend conference sessions, perform speaking roles, meet and discuss issues with local government officials, and engage in tours of industries, historic sites, government facilities, etc.

Each year, all tour participants have been given at least one speaking opportunity at a conference. Last year most tour participants spoke at the 2018 ICMA Qingdao Annual Conference where the focus was big data in urban governance, upgrading urban management systems,strengthening of urban management and security, and intelligent transportation and urban development. Several tour participants spoke at the Foreign Experts conference sponsored by Shenzhen SAFEA. Others spoke in Guangzhou on the topics of tourism and recreational use of trails.

訪問(wèn)團(tuán)時(shí)而聚合為整體，時(shí)而分散成小組，與當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T共同出席了很多議程豐富的會(huì)議。2018年在青島，訪問(wèn)團(tuán)被分為四個(gè)小組。我和ICMA前主席李·費(fèi)爾德曼參觀了市北區(qū)城市治理中心，深入到民眾中去，感受社區(qū)中心為市民提供的各種項(xiàng)目與服務(wù)（回收、太極、舞蹈、唱歌、醫(yī)療、工藝品、電腦使用等）。其他成員參觀了一些示范智慧城市與歷史街區(qū)。作為團(tuán)隊(duì)整體，我們?nèi)珕T走訪了小區(qū)新建的城市管理指揮中心，體驗(yàn)用以提供服務(wù)并解決消費(fèi)者投訴的大數(shù)據(jù)先進(jìn)技術(shù)。

訪問(wèn)團(tuán)還參觀了很多項(xiàng)目設(shè)施。深圳市耗資巨大的填海造陸項(xiàng)目為初創(chuàng)企業(yè)拓寬創(chuàng)新空間，青島港口為容納游輪提供發(fā)展便利，青島大數(shù)據(jù)中心致力于社區(qū)服務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)與跟蹤。

Tour participants have engaged in informative meetings with officials either as a full group or in smaller units. In 2018 in Qingdao, for example, the group was broken up into four teams. Former ICMA President Lee Feldman and I visited the Shibei District Urban Governance Center where we met citizen participants and observed a wide range of programs and services (recycling, tai chi, dance, singing, medical, crafts,computer use, etc.) offered at their neighborhood community center for citizens of the district. Others visited a smart city demonstration or a historical district. As a group, we all visited the new urban management command center of the district where we observed state of the art use of big data in delivering services and addressing consumer complaints.

Tour participants also visited many projects and facilities. Shenzhen's ambitious coastal reclamation project develops innovation space for startup businesses; Qingdao's port is built to accommodate cruise ships;Qingdao's new big data center is used for community service coordination and tracking.

與中國(guó)企業(yè)、政府的合作

有賴于2016年至2018年ICMA中國(guó)中心組織建立的ICMA訪問(wèn)團(tuán)，我們得以同各大企業(yè)和地方政府建立牢固的合作關(guān)系。例如，2016年我們?cè)L問(wèn)陜西土地工程建設(shè)集團(tuán)，參加了自2016年起成為年度會(huì)議的中國(guó)土地工程交流大會(huì)。隨后，陜西土地工程建設(shè)集團(tuán)派團(tuán)赴舊金山與匹茲堡參加了ICMA組織的培訓(xùn)，學(xué)習(xí)“棕地”概念與技術(shù)。2017年，我們組建了技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)一步研究開(kāi)發(fā)土地污染治理技術(shù)。經(jīng)雙方共同努力，陜西土地集團(tuán)成為ICMA首個(gè)國(guó)際贊助商，尋求在土地整治、生態(tài)研究、管理等方面的合作。自合作關(guān)系建立以來(lái)，ICMA于2016—2018年派出40余名課題專家與城市管理人員訪問(wèn)陜西土地集團(tuán)，為陜西省土地污染和水污染問(wèn)題提供咨詢服務(wù)。

Business and Government Partnerships

Through the ICMA study tours organized by the ICMA China Center in 2016 to 2018, we have established some solid partnerships with major companies and local governments. For example, in 2016, we visited Shaanxi Land Engineering and Construction Group and attended the Sino-China Land Engineering Exchange Conference which became an annual conference since 2016. Later, Shaanxi Land Group sent a delegation to attend a training program to learn about Brownfield concepts and technologies both in San Francisco and Pittsburgh. In addition,a technological team was established for further research and development on land pollution and remediation in 2017. As a result of the cooperative efforts, Shaanxi Land Group became the first international sponsor for ICMA for the pursuit of further cooperation on land remediation and ecological research as well as management. Since creating the partnership, ICMA has sent over 40 subject matter experts and city managers to visit Shaanxi Land Group in 2016-2018 and provided consulting services on land and water pollution issues in Shaanxi Province.

國(guó)際城市管理協(xié)會(huì)終身會(huì)員比爾·莫納漢

In addition, in 2017 and 2018, ICMA sent over 40 members and experts to visit Qingdao and attended the Qingdao International City Management Annual Conferences where ICMA participants shared experiences and best practices through visiting and exchanging ideas with officials of local communities. A key achievement was the establishment of the Command Center of Qingdao Shibei District for City Management and Law Enforcement which succeeds by using big data. Output from the conference in 2017 encouraged the project. When ICMA members and experts visited the center in April 2018, they gave high praise to the city's achievements. Qingdao Shibei District government then sent a delegation to attend the ICMA 2018 Annual Conference in Baltimore to share information about the achievements in a special conference session as well as to invite more ICMA members to attend the Qingdao City Management Conference in 2019.

ICMA代表團(tuán)參加第十六屆中國(guó)國(guó)際人才交流大會(huì)

2017年與2018年，ICMA派出40多名成員和專家參加青島國(guó)際城市管理年會(huì)，同當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)官員交流意見(jiàn)，分享最佳實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2017年，青島市北區(qū)城市管理與執(zhí)法指揮中心有效利用大數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行建設(shè)，并取得了重要成果，這得到了參會(huì)者的普遍支持。2018年4月，ICMA成員與專家參訪青島該中心，也對(duì)其給予高度評(píng)價(jià)。而后，青島市市北區(qū)政府派出代表團(tuán)赴巴爾的摩參加2018年ICMA年會(huì)。代表團(tuán)在大會(huì)特別環(huán)節(jié)中分享實(shí)踐成果，并向更多ICMA成員發(fā)出參加2019年青島市城市管理會(huì)議的邀請(qǐng)。

通過(guò)訪問(wèn)和交流，ICMA成員和專家對(duì)中國(guó)快速發(fā)展和ICMA的機(jī)遇有了更深入的了解與認(rèn)識(shí)。他們認(rèn)為，這次訪問(wèn)對(duì)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作交流以造福社區(qū)百姓有所啟發(fā)。

The study tours and exchanges have helped ICMA members and experts gain better understanding and appreciation of the rapid development taking place in China and opportunities for ICMA. ICMA members who have taken part in the tours have commented that what they have learned has inspired them to consider how to help their communities benefit through more international cooperation and exchange.

勇于創(chuàng)新

近期我們有機(jī)會(huì)得以參訪一些勇于創(chuàng)新的地區(qū)。

雄安新區(qū)：毗鄰北京的河北雄安區(qū)正處開(kāi)發(fā)中，我們?cè)诖藭?huì)見(jiàn)了這一地區(qū)的官員。為緩解北京的過(guò)度擁擠，雄安區(qū)將被打造為一個(gè)可容納300萬(wàn)人口且吸引創(chuàng)新企業(yè)的新區(qū)。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正致力于打造城市群以減輕交通、污染與房?jī)r(jià)帶來(lái)的負(fù)擔(dān)?；谶@一理念，北京將大學(xué)、醫(yī)院、公司、銀行、商業(yè)總部等許多功能區(qū)遷至雄安，百度、阿里巴巴、騰訊等大公司已著眼于在雄安新區(qū)投資設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu)。

New and Innovative Activities are Taking Place

Recent trips have also allowed us to visit places where new and innovative activities are taking place:

Xiong'an New Area. We met with officials of this area outside Beijing now under development, Xiong'an District in Hebei Province. Officials will create a new sub area to house up to 3 million people along with innovative businesses to alleviate Beijing's overcrowding. China's leaders are working to reduce the burdens of traffic, pollution, and soaring real-estate prices by forming urban clusters or “city groups.” Based on this concept, Beijing will move many functions out of its center to Xiong'an, relocating universities, hospitals, companies, banks, and business headquarters. Major companies like Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent have committed to establishing branches here.

East Weinan New Town. We toured the site of the newly planned town near Xi'an. Shaanxi Land Management has designed and will build the town, which will have over 50,000 to 100,000 residents, into a modern smart one with sustainable development.

渭東新城：我們參觀過(guò)位于西安附近的新址，陜西土地工程建設(shè)集團(tuán)預(yù)計(jì)將其打造為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代化智慧城鎮(zhèn)，容納5萬(wàn)—10萬(wàn)居民。

大型企業(yè)：上次，我們?cè)L問(wèn)了中國(guó)幾家知名企業(yè)。首先是陜西土地工程建設(shè)集團(tuán)（我們?cè)谖靼驳暮献骰锇椋?，主要從事土地?fù)墾與再開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目。我們參觀了他們的辦公室與實(shí)驗(yàn)室，以及正在進(jìn)行土壤修復(fù)的大規(guī)模場(chǎng)址，如過(guò)去的采礦區(qū)、化學(xué)污染區(qū)、河邊和垃圾填埋場(chǎng)等。一些極具特色的娛樂(lè)與商業(yè)設(shè)施目前已經(jīng)在這片土地上生根、發(fā)芽。北京東方園林公司，一家從事景觀設(shè)計(jì)與場(chǎng)地開(kāi)發(fā)維護(hù)的大規(guī)模公司。騰訊，于1998年在深圳創(chuàng)立，目前已擁有逾4萬(wàn)名曾在不同企業(yè)任職的員工。

Major Businesses. During the last tour we met with leaders of several major businesses in China. Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group (our partner in Xi'an) is involved in major land reclamation and redevelopment projects. We toured their offices and laboratories as well as large scale sites where land is undergoing soil remediation such as a former mining site, chemical contaminated sites, river side and landfill cleanup, etc. Impressive new, commercial, and recreational facilities have already been built on recovered land. Oriental Landscape in Beijing is a company that does landscape design, site development and maintenance on a major scale. Tencent (the developers of WeChat) that started up in Shenzhen in 1998 and now has over 40,000 employees involved in various business ventures.

2017年在青島，我們參觀了海爾——一家擴(kuò)展到設(shè)計(jì)生活公寓與其他產(chǎn)品的大型家電公司，以及青島啤酒廠與品酒屋。

While in Qingdao in 2017, we visited Haier, the major appliance company that has branched out to design living spaces and many other products, and we toured the Tsingtao beer factory and tasting room.

在深圳，由國(guó)家外國(guó)專家局創(chuàng)辦的中國(guó)國(guó)際人才交流大會(huì)歷來(lái)吸引許多外國(guó)專家就創(chuàng)新與機(jī)遇發(fā)表演講。本次大會(huì)，我們聽(tīng)取了來(lái)自多個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业陌l(fā)言，其中包括諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主和阿里巴巴的人力資源總監(jiān)（阿里巴巴在中國(guó)的影響力可與亞馬遜相媲美）。

The Conference on International Exchange of Professional sponsored by SAFEA in Shenzhen always has speakers on innovations and opportunities for foreign experts to work on cooperative efforts. Some are experts in a variety of fields including a Nobel Prize winner and the human resources director of Alibaba, the Amazon equivalent in China.

2018年，我們參觀了中國(guó)廣州境內(nèi)稍顯偏遠(yuǎn)的從化區(qū)。在那里，我們感受到他們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)華南歷史遺跡所付出的努力。保護(hù)開(kāi)發(fā)古道，刺激旅游業(yè)發(fā)展，他們砥礪前行。ICMA會(huì)員提供了技術(shù)援助，并在美國(guó)接待了廣東省代表，來(lái)了解美國(guó)游徑系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。此外，我們還參觀了那里的一座建于20世紀(jì)60年代而后卻漸趨荒蕪的公社村，它已被列入重建計(jì)劃，成為老社區(qū)保護(hù)的典例。

In 2018, tour participants visited Conghua, a remote area of Guangzhou City, in southern China where we learned about and observed their impressive efforts to preserve the South China Historical Trail. Their purpose is to recover the asset for development and preservation of the ancient roads and stimulate tourism. ICMA members have provided technical assistance and hosted delegates from the province to view trail system developments in the United States. We also visited a 1960 era communal village there that was abandoned, but is the subject of a plan for redevelopment to preserve the community as an example of the living environment of that earlier era.

2019年的訪問(wèn)擬于4月進(jìn)行。據(jù)中心執(zhí)行主任羅麗軍介紹，ICMA會(huì)員有機(jī)會(huì)在中國(guó)大學(xué)任教，在青島研究院培訓(xùn)，在青島、深圳等地參加學(xué)術(shù)交流研討。她還指出，為實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，以下具有專業(yè)技能的人員為現(xiàn)狀所迫切需求，比如城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、海綿城市與土地復(fù)墾等。

The 2019 tour will probably take place in April. Luo Lijun, Executive Director of the Center, reported that opportunities exist in China for ICMA members to teach at universities, train in the Qingdao Research Institute, take part in academic exchanges and discussions in Qingdao, Shenzhen and other places. Considering the core of sustainable development and high-quality development, she also noted that professionals with skills and expertise in the following topics are urgently needed, such as urban and rural planning, sponge cities, land restoration, etc.

2018年青島會(huì)議的主題是“智慧城市”。2019年，發(fā)展重點(diǎn)聚焦于“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家，屆時(shí)，底蘊(yùn)充實(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的ICMA會(huì)員將在2019年青島會(huì)議上分享相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

The topic of the 2018 Qingdao conference was “Smart Cities”. In 2019 the focus will be on the development of the countries along the one belt one road, China's major initiative. ICMA members with knowledge and experience related to this topic can introduce relevant experience in Qingdao at the 2019 conference. (The writer is a life member of the International City/County Management Association.)