過去分詞所表示是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：

作定語

過去分詞作定語時，如果這個分詞是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語。

例1— Do you know the tower _____ in the heart of the city？

— Do you mean the one _____ to the north of the city library？

A. locating； lay

B. located； lying

C. being located； lying

D. located； lay

解析 B考查特定詞匯的分詞用法。第一句句意：你了解那座位于市中心的塔嗎？be located in是常用短語，表示“位于……”， 因locate是及物動詞，與被修飾詞tower之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以，使用過去分詞短語作后置定語，相當于定語從句which is located in the heart of the city省略了主語和謂語；第二句句意：你是指位于市圖書館北側(cè)的那座塔嗎？lying是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，lie與the one是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。

作表語

過去分詞作表語時，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，如：The glass is broken（這個玻璃杯是破的）.

注：過去分詞作表語時，和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother（這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的）.

例2 I wonder why Ann didnt get _______ the job. She is the right person for it.

A. to be offered B. to offer

C. offering D. offered

解析 D考查特定詞匯的分詞用法。句意：我猜想為什么安沒有得到那份工作。她是適合做的。offer sb. the job意為“給某人提供工作”，所以，offer和Ann之間是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞。要多多關(guān)注get與非謂語動詞搭配的句型：

1. get sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事

2. get sth. done=have sth. done請人做某事

3. get done表示被動

4. get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事開始做

5. get doing開始做

作賓語補足語

過去分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door， I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.

例3 The worse working conditions we are looking forward to ______ must have attracted the local governments attention.

A. see improved B. seeing improved

C. saw improving D. seeing to improve

解析 B考查非謂語動詞使用中的思維定勢。很多學(xué)生無法理解為什么see后面可以直接加過去分詞，其實，The worse working conditions是主句主語，we are looking forward to是定語從句，經(jīng)過調(diào)整語序，該定語從句The worse working conditions we are looking forward to可以還原為we are looking forward to seeing the worse working conditions improved。可以看出：improve作賓語補足語，和conditions 之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞improved。

作狀語

過去分詞作狀語時，相當于一個狀語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when， if， while， though， as等連詞。

例4 ______with a gradual rise of seawater， some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.

A. Facing B. To face

C. Faced D. Being faced

解析 C考查非謂語動詞作狀語。由短語be faced with可知，face與主句主語nations構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞短語作狀語。另外，由于意思上be faced with=facing，所以該題狀語部分還可以使用現(xiàn)在分詞Facing a gradual rise of seawater。

非謂語動詞鞏固練習

1. With so many __________ problems to solve， Libyans feel very _________.

A. puzzling； puzzling B. puzzled； puzzled

C. puzzling； puzzled D. puzzled； puzzling

2. The destruction of the earthquake and the nuclear leak that it brought about in Japan was very ____________.

A. frightening B. frightened

C. pleased D. pleasing

3. When I saw my 8-year-old daughterjust like on televison， I cant help ________.

A. performing； laughing B. performed； laughed

C. performing； laughed D. performed； laughed

4. Yang Liwei was the first person _________ on the moon.

A. who land B. who lands

C. to land D. landing

5. The manager， ____________， left the office.

A. made it clear that he was pleased with my work

B. having made it clear that he was pleased with my work

C. making it clear that he was pleased with my work

D. having been made it clear that he was pleased with my work

6. Elizabeth Taylor， the Hollywood legend died at Cedars-Sinai Hospital ________ by her four children after being taken to hospital six weeks ago with heart failure.

A. to be surrounded B. having been surrounded

C. surrounded D. surrounding

7. Tom looked at Jenny， with tears filling his eyes， and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.

A hiding B. hidden

C. to hide D. to be hidden

8. It is said that ________ to classic music may be helpful in improving teenagers taste.

A. exposed B. exposing

C. being exposed D. having exposed

9. The folks were delighted at the message of their relatives _______ that mine explosion.

A. survived B. to survive

C. were surviving D. surviving

10. After suffering a heart attack， Michael Jackson was pronounced dead， ______ a tragic end to the worlds most popular entertainer.

A. marked B. to mark

C. marking D. having marked

答案與解析

1～5 C A A C B 6. C過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語。

7. B過去分詞短語作定語。 8. Cv-ing短語的被動語態(tài)作主語。

9. Dv-ing短語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作of的賓語。

10. C分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表意料之中的結(jié)果，如用動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語則表示意料之外的結(jié)果。