林梢青?付玉婷
許江,中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng),著名畫家,生于1955年。
如果要看他的改革開放40年,女兒許嘉的視角或是一種。她曾在《我的父親許江》中寫道:“父親至今不會(huì)用電腦也不會(huì)發(fā)微信,是這個(gè)時(shí)代堅(jiān)持用筆記錄思考的寫作者。”
這平淡的描述中,是對(duì)那一代人深深的理解與敬意——在這個(gè)時(shí)代,變是容易的,不變卻很難。
如果需要用一樣?xùn)|西來形容此刻的許江,沒有什么比他畫筆下的“葵”更合適的了。
前不久,“葵頌——許江近作展”作為改革開放40周年紀(jì)念展登陸上海民生現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館。很多人都在問,這一次,你的葵有什么不一樣?其實(shí),許江與葵,始終如一。
藝術(shù)家邱志杰有一段回憶,那是2003年8月的一天,他們?cè)谕炼漶R爾馬拉海附近的小亞細(xì)亞高原上。一瞬間,他看到了夕陽(yáng)下那片廣袤的葵園,鋼澆鐵鑄一般與大地渾然一體,“就像一群老兵,在等待著最后一道軍令”。剎那間,許江的內(nèi)心被打動(dòng),他不僅看到了葵,也看到了自己,以及自己那一代人。
邱志杰說:“我看著他走向那片葵園,從此再也沒有回來?!?h3>從野火到葵頌
“從野火到葵頌”——這是許江自己擬的標(biāo)題。
40年,除了短暫幾年的德國(guó)深造生涯,從學(xué)生到一校之長(zhǎng),他始終身在這所學(xué)校。沒有人比他更懂其中一草一木的四季變化。
40年前的那一刻,令人懷念。
許江作為1978屆學(xué)子第一次踏入浙江美術(shù)學(xué)院(中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院前身)大門,這個(gè)從小喜歡說話的青年高興極了?!皝砗贾莸牡谝惶欤腋吲d壞了,覺得這里是天堂,當(dāng)天下午就去游西湖。在游三潭印月的船上,也是這樣一個(gè)秋天,十月,從心里到身上都是暖洋洋的?!?/p>
他和當(dāng)時(shí)所有如野火般的學(xué)子一樣,激情燃燒,意在遠(yuǎn)方,體味這賦予新生的天翻地覆變化之中。
這多么美好。
2003年的小亞細(xì)亞荒原,許江第一次遭遇葵園。此時(shí),他任中國(guó)美術(shù)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)剛剛?cè)?,正是他真正畫葵的起點(diǎn)。
在此之前的十余年,許江從德國(guó)留學(xué)歸來,從普通教師到教研室主任,再到油畫系主任,一路在一線教學(xué)工作。
有人問許江,做了18年的院長(zhǎng),你最基本的思考是什么?他的回答是:大學(xué)的境育理想。
這不僅體現(xiàn)在他主導(dǎo)下美院象山校區(qū)的建立,還體現(xiàn)在每年入學(xué)式、畢業(yè)季的儀式感中。他也反復(fù)提到“哲匠”的校風(fēng)、學(xué)風(fēng),正如他自己那“兩支筆”所引領(lǐng)的“勞作上手、讀書養(yǎng)性”的風(fēng)氣,美術(shù)作為一種技藝,應(yīng)該成為身體的一部分,而讀書,能養(yǎng)育心靈與品位。他更強(qiáng)調(diào)美院自始至終凝聚的詩(shī)性精神,這種最深邃的內(nèi)涵,不光來自林風(fēng)眠、潘天壽、吳大羽那一代美院老人,也應(yīng)該為新時(shí)代的年輕人持續(xù)傳遞。最后,是視覺藝術(shù)教育的當(dāng)代格局。在這些構(gòu)建之上,許江始終思考的是,不放棄中國(guó)藝術(shù)精神的核心,并致力于東方學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)建構(gòu)。
始終堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)架構(gòu)上繪畫的許江,恰恰又是最致力于推進(jìn)新媒體實(shí)驗(yàn),乃至研究新媒體藝術(shù)文化現(xiàn)象——因?yàn)?,這是對(duì)時(shí)代和未來的呼應(yīng)。
執(zhí)掌美院18年,許江不僅推進(jìn)了美院的發(fā)展,推進(jìn)了當(dāng)代藝術(shù)思想在學(xué)院中的建構(gòu),更以學(xué)院的力量持續(xù)深度介入城市文化的思考和建設(shè)。他是策動(dòng)者、推動(dòng)者,也是一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者——印象最深刻的是兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十多年的工程——一個(gè)是2010年的上海世博會(huì),一個(gè)則是2000年開始的上海雙年展。那兩個(gè)十年正是他們這代人在這樣一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期,結(jié)合國(guó)家的重大使命和重大事件所給出的一種回應(yīng),為城市帶來了深遠(yuǎn)影響。
回到畫室,許江自己卻始終在畫葵,如今已是第15載。
有人問許江,你為什么總在畫葵?
他總說,畫葵,畫的是一代人的群像。
10年前的那個(gè)冬天,作家余華來到許江的畫室,看到滿屋的葵。第二天,余華在文章中寫道:“向日葵是我們共同的一個(gè)記憶,是讓我們這一代中國(guó)人熱淚盈眶的一個(gè)意象。”
和他一樣的上世紀(jì)50年代生人,與葵有如此之多的相似之處。但在他看來,真正代表20世紀(jì)中國(guó)人的只有葵。歷史選擇了葵,葵是這代人的肉身……他努力用群葵的滄桑和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)重現(xiàn)時(shí)代的宏大敘事,重現(xiàn)一代中國(guó)人經(jīng)磨歷劫的精神圖譜。
許江畫了15年葵,同時(shí)他也一直被一片片葵園推著走,不斷賦予葵新的生命。
“我們這一代人的人生和國(guó)家整個(gè)時(shí)代的變化大的節(jié)拍是重合的。這是這個(gè)時(shí)代賦予我們的幸運(yùn),我們把它叫做命運(yùn)。”
許江以葵為20世紀(jì)的中國(guó)人立像,表達(dá)史詩(shī)般的命運(yùn)和感想。作為與改革開放相伴相行的一代人,許江這代人最深刻地領(lǐng)受著這場(chǎng)民族偉大解放的洗禮與塑造。對(duì)于這代人來說,如果要以一物來發(fā)奮抒情,那就是葵——如同能在最惡劣的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)的葵,遭遇過最艱難的時(shí)光,卻也沐浴著最好的時(shí)代,他們?cè)陉?yáng)光下激情釋放與生長(zhǎng),又有著如葵一般抱子結(jié)盤的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng),以一年一季的生命,帶來年復(fù)一年的期盼和守望。
在展覽結(jié)束后的文本上,邱志杰刪去了開頭那句話——“我看著他走向那片葵園,從此再也沒有回來?!?/p>
他不知道,那一刻,許江在臺(tái)下眼睛一亮——對(duì)他而言,這句話太好了。
這40年里我最常用的是“兩支筆”。一支是“書筆”,寫字的筆,我用它來書寫每一天、記錄每一件事情。另一支筆是“畫筆”,我用它來畫一代人。
我喜歡樹、草木,因草木知人心。美院老校園1號(hào)樓最東側(cè)有棵樹,當(dāng)年這里有好幾棵樹,樹下就是學(xué)院的大道,邊上是圖書館,如今只剩下這一棵。這是校園里一棵有記憶的書,見證了校園的歷史。
看NBA的比賽。不管每天多累,都會(huì)看,但我不看直播,看直播會(huì)激動(dòng)得大叫。
NBA中有人生,有太多勵(lì)志的故事——太多貧困的孩子成為籃球英雄,那些是最好的勵(lì)志故事。NBA里還有哲學(xué),球員如何面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),怎么面對(duì)榮譽(yù)和批評(píng)?這是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的思考。某種程度上,NBA是我與今天時(shí)尚娛樂勾連的通道。
改革開放是我們的生命,生命不能停止。
(部分圖片選自視覺中國(guó))
Xu Jiang: Ode to Sunflowers Symbolizes Nation and People
By Lin Shaoqing, Fu Yuting
Xu Jiang, president of China Academy of Art since 2001, ran into sunflowers at a sunset moment in an August day in 2003 in Greece and recognized the majesty and significance of the species at the first sight. The field of sunflowers stood like a forest and extended all the way from where he was. He stood spellbound there watching it. For a while, he thought the sunflowers were like a phalanx of soldiers waiting for the final order. His heart throbbed. The memories surged back. He recognized himself and the whole generation of his contemporaries in the flowers in the slanting sunlight. ”I watched him approaching the sunflowers step by step, and he has been there all these years,” commented metaphorically Qiu Zhijie, an artist who was with Xu on the journey.
After the discovery encounter, Xu Jiang found what he really wished to do. Sunflowers have become a symbol of his art since then. Over the past 15 years, his major paintings and sculptures have been all about sunflowers.
From September 30 to December 9, 2018, Xu held a solo exhibition in Shanghai. Called , it was one of the events held in commemoration of the 40th anniversary of Chinas reform and opening up to the outside world.
Coincidently, Xu Jiang came to study at Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts in 1978, the year that witnessed China launch reform and opening up to the outside world. The first day in Hangzhou, he toured the West Lake and felt happy. Except for the two years (1988-1989) he studied in Germany, he has spent all his adult life on the campus of the Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, which morphed into China Academy of Art in 1993 .
“Why are you always painting sunflowers?” He has answered this question numerous times since 15 years ago. The sunflowers under his brush are portraits of the whole generation. A winter day ten years ago, Yu Hu, a native of Zhejiang and famed novelist, visited Xu Jiang at his studio and was deeply impressed by the sunflowers. The next day, the novelist wrote: “Sunflowers are etched in our memory. Sunflowers symbolize a whole generation of Chinese.”
Xu Jiang himself considers sunflowers as a symbol for the fate of the whole generation of Chinese in the 20th century. “Our generation experiences all the epoch-making changes of our nation in the second half of the 20th century. This is the luck for our generation and we call it our fate,” commented succinctly Xu Jiang.
Under his brush, sunflowers do not always look exuberant and thriving. Some struggle in worst environment and some fight to survive. Distorted, dark, withered and growing densely, these are the signature features of the sunflowers created by Xu. He likens the struggling characteristics of the commonly seen plants to the spirit of his generation who have experienced the “cultural revolution” (1966-76).Yet all absorb sunlight.
Born in 1955, Xu Jiangs most important 40 years have coincided with Chinas reform and opening up to the outside world. His daughter wrote in an article about her father: “My father does not know how to work a computer. Nor does he know how to chat with us on WeChat. He writes down what he thinks and what he writes down expresses what he thinks. He is a writer of our era.” The daughters description of the father seems prosaic, but it embodies the daughters understanding of her father: changes take place easily in our era. Not to change is very difficult.