秦藝
我們先來(lái)看兩個(gè)句子:
1. -Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
-Sure. I_______(write) a report at home.
2. Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 0'clock this afternoon because she______(teach) a class at that time.
一、運(yùn)用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間特點(diǎn)
通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單分析,同學(xué)們會(huì)很快發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩句都在描述將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,好像應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)填空。但是大家需要知道,時(shí)態(tài)題的考查應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。第一句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為tomorrow morning,而不是tomorrow;第二句為3 0'clock this afternoon而不僅是this afternoon。這種表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,英語(yǔ)中會(huì)用will be/be going to be/shall be+ doing來(lái)表示,我們稱(chēng)之為“將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)”。今天,我們來(lái)談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中的常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象:將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用于以下場(chǎng)景:1.表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;2.表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃、安排或預(yù)測(cè)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)一般要有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);3.表示有禮貌地詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方打算,還可表示親切或委婉的語(yǔ)氣。
例如:Make the best of your precious time and study harder-this time next year you will beenjoying the colorful campus life in your dream university!好好利用當(dāng)下的美好時(shí)光,努力學(xué)習(xí)!明年這個(gè)時(shí)候你一定會(huì)在你向往的大學(xué)里享受多彩的校園生活!
After you take the medicine,you will be feeling much better.吃了藥以后,你就會(huì)感覺(jué)好多了。
When shall we be meeting again?何時(shí)我們將會(huì)再見(jiàn)面?
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的常見(jiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:soon,this time next week,tomorrow morning等等。有時(shí)同樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)會(huì)用一般將來(lái)時(shí),下面談?wù)剬?lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別,請(qǐng)大家比較下面的句子:
1,將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如:What will you be doing this time next week?你們下周這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么?
What will you do tomorrow?你們明天干什么?
2.兩者均可表示將來(lái),但用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)氣更委婉。
例如:When will you finish decorating the room?你何時(shí)完成裝飾房間?(直接詢(xún)問(wèn),如上司對(duì)雇員)
When will you be seeing Mr. Zhang?你什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)張先生?(委婉的詢(xún)問(wèn),如下屬對(duì)上司)
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)不僅表示“將來(lái)”,還可表示“意志、意愿”等。
例如:1 will try my best to study hard.我將盡全力努力學(xué)習(xí)。(表意愿)
We will be studying Chemistry next semester.下學(xué)期我們將學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)。(只是單純表示未來(lái)情況)
真題演練
1.-Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to HK this summer! -How nice! You_______a different culture then!
A. will be experiencing
B. have experienced
C. have been experiencing
D. will have experienced
2. Jill will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because_______
A. he must teach a class
B. he will be teaching a class
C. he teaches a class
D. he will have been teaching
3. We_______a basketball match at five tomorrow afternoon.
A. will have watched
B. watch C. can watch
D. will be watching
真題解析
1.A。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的then,第二個(gè)人表達(dá)的意思是“你那時(shí)將會(huì)體驗(yàn)一個(gè)不同的文化”,即未來(lái)某一個(gè)時(shí)刻將發(fā)生的情況,故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2.B。根據(jù)句義,Jill因?yàn)楹畏N原因今晚將不會(huì)參加會(huì)議,說(shuō)明他要做的事情也是發(fā)生在未來(lái)的,并且是開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)候,故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。
3.D。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at five tomorrow afternoon,所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。
二、運(yùn)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的場(chǎng)景特點(diǎn)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情,運(yùn)用的場(chǎng)景大多在賓語(yǔ)從句中,也可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的傾向或過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情。常見(jiàn)形式有:would do; was/were going to do; was/were todo; was/were about to do等等。具體可用于以下情形:
1.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或存在的狀態(tài)。
例如:He was sure that he would win the final victory.他確信他可以贏(yíng)得最后的勝利。
2.暗示一種過(guò)去的打算。
例如:1 was going to leave,but then it rained.我本來(lái)打算離開(kāi)的,但那時(shí)候下雨了。
3.暗指一種過(guò)去的安排。
例如:1 was meeting them in urban area the next day.我第二天要在市區(qū)跟他們見(jiàn)面。
4.表示過(guò)去注定將會(huì)要發(fā)生的事情。
例如:The journey that was to change Leo's life started in July that year.余改變利奧一生的旅行開(kāi)始于那年七月。
真題演練
1. -Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
-l_______,but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had
B.would
C.was going to
D.did
2. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he____office soon.
A. leaves
B.would leave
C.left
D.had left
3. As I_______the next day, I went to bed early on Thursday evening.
A. was leaving
B. had left
C. willleave
D. left
4. I_______to start off when it began to rain.
A. was
B. was able
C. wanted
D. was about
真題解析
1.C。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,雙方談?wù)撟蛱彀l(fā)生的事情。意思是“過(guò)去打算”,故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
2.B。根據(jù)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were說(shuō)明描述的是過(guò)去的事情,soon說(shuō)明應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
3.A。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the next day,應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。was leaving用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。
4.A。此處為對(duì)句型be about to do... when...的考查,意為“正要做某事時(shí)……突然……”,同學(xué)們應(yīng)熟記。