陳燕紅

一些學(xué)生問(wèn)：“我已認(rèn)真審題，抓住要點(diǎn)行文，內(nèi)容表達(dá)完整，字體工整，為何還得不到高分呢？”這正是問(wèn)題所在，全國(guó)卷的書面表達(dá)是半開(kāi)放性的寫作，雖然對(duì)詞數(shù)要求不高，但對(duì)文體語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、得體性以及內(nèi)容構(gòu)思能力的要求并不低。

認(rèn)真解讀高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們不難領(lǐng)悟到，要在高考英語(yǔ)寫作中得到高分，就要使文章語(yǔ)句表達(dá)得體，內(nèi)容豐富起來(lái)，多寫一些讓閱卷者感到出彩的亮點(diǎn)詞和句。作為高三的考生，應(yīng)該為高分寫作找到突破口。要想讓英語(yǔ)寫作出彩，可以從以下幾方面為文章潤(rùn)色。

“潤(rùn)”詞

詞匯是語(yǔ)言的建筑材料，文章的好壞，遣詞很關(guān)鍵。一位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家說(shuō)得好：“Using the right word at the right time is rather like wearing appropriate clothing for the occasion，it is a courtesy to others， and a favor to yourself -a matter of presenting yourself well in the eyes of the world.”

考生如果用心遣詞，就會(huì)使文章增色不少。

試比較以下兩句：

He isa good teacher.（普通）

He is a caring and insightful teacher.（具體）

通過(guò)比較可以看出，前一句不如后一句表達(dá)得具體、生動(dòng)。一個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵越具體，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容越豐富?？忌鷮懽鲿r(shí)要多用具體、特定的詞來(lái)描述一個(gè)具體的人或物，如a kind lady給人感覺(jué)很籠統(tǒng)、空泛，我們可以用很多更為個(gè)性、具體的詞描繪一個(gè)人，如hospital， optimistic， spirited， cultivated， easy-going ，generous， humorous， thoughtful， gentle等。

考生還應(yīng)多積累閱讀的語(yǔ)篇材料中的好詞美句，并應(yīng)用到寫作當(dāng)中。有一名學(xué)生，原本寫作語(yǔ)句表達(dá)貧乏，聽(tīng)從老師的建議用心積累做過(guò)的某些閱讀篇章中的好詞句，他現(xiàn)在的寫作水平明顯上了一個(gè)臺(tái)階。以下是他某次考試的寫作修改稿，恰如其分地運(yùn)用了最近閱讀語(yǔ)篇中積累的亮點(diǎn)詞匯。Dear Chris.

In your last letter，you asked if'I could recommend some suitable Chinese books for you to read. Therefore， I'm writing to recommend you a book named A Dream of Red Mansons.

As one of the Four Great Classical Novels.A Dream of Red Mansions is considered as an encyclopedia of Chinese traditional culture. As a novel based on 18th- century Chinese society，it will present you the society of Qing dynasty and a noble family's ups and downs as well as many people with distinctive characters，which makes this book really worth reading and studying.I am sure that you will he immersed in its appealing plots and have a better knowledge of Chinese profound traditional cul- ture.

I also sincerely welcome you to visit me and experi-ence the charm of Chinese culture during the summer va-cation. If you come，I'll show you around the cityI live in and share with more great Chinese novels.

Yours，

Li Hua

“潤(rùn)”句

解讀高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“應(yīng)用較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”，就是指句式的多樣性表達(dá)。單一的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)使文章讀起來(lái)單調(diào)乏味，缺乏吸引力，而靈活多變的句式則使行文流暢白然，豐富生動(dòng)，讓閱卷者眼前一亮?？忌绻苷_使用同位語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句和特殊句式，可以使文章語(yǔ)言充滿層次感，讓閱卷者感到賞心悅目。

1.巧用同位語(yǔ)，簡(jiǎn)潔明了

I'd like to invite you to join us fora visit to the near-by nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Fes-tival，the day for the elderly in our culture.（邀請(qǐng)信：請(qǐng)外教去敬老院）

2.活用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，重點(diǎn)突出

I'm writing to invite you to bea judge at our Englishspeech contest to be held in our school on June lst.（邀請(qǐng)信：請(qǐng)外教當(dāng)裁判）

Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for an-imals，l cannot resist my inner excite-ment，hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals.（申請(qǐng)信：申請(qǐng)成為“動(dòng)物代言人”）

The bag，containing my ID card，passport and so on，is very important tome.（求助信：請(qǐng)航空公司幫忙尋找行李箱）

3.利用特殊句式，句式多樣

Not only did this activity bring us close to nature， but it also promoted the friendship among us.（倒裝句）

It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that Ifound we hada lotin common.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

In my opinion，the guy of my age will share almost the same experiences as me and it is easier to talk to each other. We can share our feelings of traveling and football. If possible，I hope that he likes pets.（省略句）

寫作訓(xùn)練建議

多數(shù)考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)感到無(wú)從下手，習(xí)慣以漢語(yǔ)思維遣詞造句和謀篇，所寫的句子簡(jiǎn)單、支離破碎，行文不夠流暢、緊湊，且語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤多，而新課標(biāo)對(duì)寫作要求提高到一個(gè)新層面。針對(duì)這一狀況，對(duì)高考寫作訓(xùn)練提幾點(diǎn)建議：

第一，進(jìn)行多層次的寫作練習(xí)，如詞語(yǔ)替換、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、擴(kuò)展或連接句子、一句多譯、根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞（句）寫短文、改寫范文句子、仿寫等語(yǔ)言技能訓(xùn)練。

第二，堅(jiān)持循序漸進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練原則，先易后難，由詞句到篇，堅(jiān)持“詞不離句，句不離篇”的原則。

第三，對(duì)優(yōu)秀生，應(yīng)大量閱讀美文，收集好詞組和好句子并應(yīng)用到寫作當(dāng)中。對(duì)基礎(chǔ)較差的考生，要注重夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)化基本句型訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合寫作模板進(jìn)行寫作，并多背一些優(yōu)秀范文。

第四，建立作文檔案袋?？忌哑綍r(shí)收集的寫作資料、老師批改過(guò)的作文、同學(xué)修改過(guò)的習(xí)作和老師評(píng)講的寫作范文都放在檔案袋里，以便體驗(yàn)自己的進(jìn)步和反思自己存在的問(wèn)題，及時(shí)調(diào)整訓(xùn)練方向，以便老師了解自己的寫作水平，從而能夠及時(shí)得到老師有針對(duì)性的輔導(dǎo)。

第五，重視寫作互批和講評(píng)。在批改同學(xué)習(xí)作時(shí)，不要一味找錯(cuò)，要畫出同學(xué)寫得好的詞語(yǔ)和句子，潛意識(shí)要多寫些出彩的好句子，體驗(yàn)寫作的成就感。在聽(tīng)老師講評(píng)時(shí)，多積累一些同學(xué)寫出的精彩詞語(yǔ)、漂亮句子和優(yōu)秀范文，記下其出彩之處。對(duì)同學(xué)寫作中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行修改，若也是自己常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，則及時(shí)用錯(cuò)題本登記起來(lái)。

第六，盡可能多找老師面批作文，這樣比較有針對(duì)性，領(lǐng)悟能力提高較快。