徐添城

9月16日至17日，中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)保護(hù)工程推進(jìn)儀式暨學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)在紹興舉行，150余名來(lái)自學(xué)術(shù)界、出版界和圖書館藏界的專家學(xué)者齊聚紹興，為紹興出版《中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)史叢》這部系統(tǒng)性、完整性、權(quán)威性的近代文獻(xiàn)典籍叢書出謀劃策，圍繞中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)保護(hù)工作展開(kāi)了深度探討。

原國(guó)家新聞出版總署署長(zhǎng)、黨組書記，中國(guó)出版協(xié)會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)柳斌杰先生對(duì)這場(chǎng)“聚會(huì)”感觸頗深。對(duì)這座古城孕育這一“念舊”又“新生”的工程，他說(shuō)，要感謝紹興這座城市的文化擔(dān)當(dāng)。

9月16日晚，紹興沈園，書聲瑯瑯。作為此次中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)保護(hù)工程推進(jìn)儀式的“預(yù)熱大戲”，“書香紹興”沈園之夜誦讀會(huì)在這里舉行?！短m亭序》節(jié)選、《題蘭竹》、《墨梅》、《釵頭鳳》……十余件經(jīng)典作品在紹興本土朗讀者的一腔深情中款款道來(lái)。

“你看，我們的文化和藝術(shù)，在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，不再是‘王謝堂前燕，而已經(jīng)‘走入尋常百姓家了。”舞臺(tái)下，看著那些年輕的朗讀者，柳斌杰感到欣慰和驕傲，“真的十分感動(dòng)。”他說(shuō)，這場(chǎng)展示紹興經(jīng)典文化遺產(chǎn)的晚會(huì)，讓觀眾領(lǐng)略到了文化之美、書香之美和藝術(shù)之美。他說(shuō)，那些穿越千年的文化生命力，在紹興的專家學(xué)者、藝術(shù)家、少年兒童的演繹中閃現(xiàn)了新的光芒，以藝術(shù)的形式，撥開(kāi)歷史面紗，向人們“漫步走來(lái)”。

“不得不佩服這座城市的魅力，真是書香育人?！绷蠼苷f(shuō)。

在柳斌杰看來(lái)，文化是需要長(zhǎng)期涵養(yǎng)的。在這方水土上成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的人，潛移默化地，就會(huì)培育起自己的文化追求。而這份追求，通過(guò)閱讀升華，逐步提升為文化擔(dān)當(dāng)?！皬慕B興走出過(guò)很多文化大師、大家，他們從這里成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)，有著強(qiáng)烈的文化擔(dān)當(dāng)，其實(shí)也正好說(shuō)明了，紹興的文化氛圍有多么積極的影響?！?/p>

而如今，這座擁有2500年歷史的文化名城，在文化保護(hù)與創(chuàng)新的征途上又有了新使命。

中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)史料，珍貴但“脆弱”。受紙質(zhì)、印刷等條件限制，其受損情況日益嚴(yán)重，亟需采取復(fù)制、再造等搶救性措施來(lái)保護(hù)。但受限于種種條件，對(duì)于中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)，國(guó)內(nèi)至今尚未進(jìn)行過(guò)一次系統(tǒng)、完整、權(quán)威的整理。為填補(bǔ)這個(gè)文化保護(hù)“缺口”，中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)保護(hù)工程在紹興應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。如今，紹興啟動(dòng)中國(guó)近代文獻(xiàn)保護(hù)工程，對(duì)這些散佚世界各地的史料文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行重新整理印刷，掀起的是一場(chǎng)對(duì)中華文化遺產(chǎn)的搶救性保護(hù)。

“我們要推進(jìn)的這項(xiàng)工程，目的很明確，就是為了傳承文化血脈?！绷蠼苷f(shuō)，這項(xiàng)工程的意義和責(zé)任都很重大。“對(duì)于古跡文化，我們?cè)絹?lái)越重視，經(jīng)過(guò)60多年的整理，古跡保護(hù)傳承工作已經(jīng)有了相當(dāng)大的規(guī)模。對(duì)于當(dāng)代歷史，也啟動(dòng)了一系列重大工程來(lái)加以傳承和保護(hù)?！比绱丝磥?lái)，恰恰是近代文獻(xiàn)的傳承保護(hù)成了一個(gè)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。

在柳斌杰看來(lái)，這“缺失”的一部分卻又十分重要。因?yàn)椋腥A民族文化的血脈需要接續(xù)起來(lái)，而近代文獻(xiàn)是其中的重要一環(huán)。柳斌杰說(shuō)，“文化是跨時(shí)空的，而人是代代相傳的，我們這一代人有這個(gè)責(zé)任把這些文化傳承給子孫后代。”

北京大學(xué)博雅講席教授、教育部長(zhǎng)江學(xué)者特聘教授陳平原表示，這樣網(wǎng)羅八方、規(guī)模宏大的計(jì)劃，尚屬首見(jiàn)。若能順利完成，則嘉惠學(xué)界，功德無(wú)量。而出版社的相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，在傳統(tǒng)紙質(zhì)出版的同時(shí)，借助數(shù)字化技術(shù)，可以將中華文化的精髓栩栩如生地展現(xiàn)，有著“存一代文獻(xiàn)”的意義。

這件“大事”的分量，一方面體現(xiàn)在歷史價(jià)值上，“近代文獻(xiàn)系統(tǒng)記錄著中華民族發(fā)展歷史，不可忘，也不能丟?！倍硪环矫?，則體現(xiàn)在文獻(xiàn)價(jià)值上，近代中國(guó)文獻(xiàn)是現(xiàn)代中國(guó)發(fā)展的一個(gè)前提。此外，還有文化價(jià)值，近代中國(guó)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)思想爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)代，近代文獻(xiàn)則是最好的見(jiàn)證，它記載了我們最寶貴的思想，也體現(xiàn)出文化發(fā)展的大體脈絡(luò)，意義不言而喻。

“但是我們也需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，這個(gè)工程任務(wù)非常艱巨，沒(méi)有20年是做不下來(lái)的。”柳斌杰說(shuō)，此次參與推進(jìn)會(huì)的專家學(xué)者一致呼吁，要聚全國(guó)之力，聚學(xué)術(shù)界、出版界之力，聚文化館、博物館之力來(lái)共同推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施，“這些要素都調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)，我相信紹興一定能把這件事情做好?！?/p>

紹興的這份底氣，還來(lái)源于文化自覺(jué)和文化自信。柳斌杰說(shuō)，對(duì)文化的保護(hù)與傳承，這里的每個(gè)主體都在努力?！敖B興市委、市政府有著高度的文化自覺(jué)，他們?cè)谕苿?dòng)文化工程建設(shè)方面下了很大決心，積極推動(dòng)政府機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與到文化建設(shè)中；紹興人民有著堅(jiān)定的文化自信，特別是對(duì)紹興的文化有著強(qiáng)烈的自豪感。我最早到紹興是在改革開(kāi)放初期，印象中，每到一地，人們都會(huì)滔滔不絕地講述紹興文化，紹興人對(duì)自己的文化是非常自豪的。紹興的企業(yè)家，包括民營(yíng)企業(yè)家有著絕對(duì)的文化擔(dān)當(dāng)和文化情懷。比如為這項(xiàng)保護(hù)工作付出不少心血的浙江越生，一家企業(yè)，花了20多年時(shí)間做這件‘文化事，實(shí)在令人敬佩?！?/p>

“團(tuán)結(jié)一致向前進(jìn)?！绷蠼苷f(shuō)，“牽手”紹興，凝聚各方力量，中華文化的魅力，終將越發(fā)沉淀而又充滿活力。

From September 16 to 17， 2018， a symposium on promotion and preservation of modern historical documents was held in Shaoxing， a city of culture and history in eastern Zhejiang.

Over 150 experts and scholars from academic institutions， publishing houses and libraries gathered in the city to brainstorm for the compilation and publication of a book series named Historical Documents of Modern-time China. Also among the attendees were government officials at the national， provincial and municipal levels. They aimed to find ways to make the series best systemized， most complete， and most authoritative. The libraries and other institutions at home and abroad will contribute source books to the series.

The project was officially launched in January 2018. The series aims to reprint a carefully compiled collection of books in economy， literature， education， art， history， and geography originally published from 1840 to 1949， a period named as modern times by historians and other scholars in China. It is a special period， marked by the opium wars around the 1840s which forced China to open its doors to the world powers， and by the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949.

On the evening of September 16， a poem-reading event was held at Shen Garden， a well-known site of cultural and historical interests located in downtown Shaoxing. Local literature enthusiasts read short poems and an excerpt of ， all of which are more or less related to Shaoxing.

Liu Binjie， a retired government official who used to be in charge of the state press administration and now chair of China Publishers Association， highly appreciated the role Shaoxing played in hosting and promoting the reprinting project. The series， in the eye of Liu， is meant to bring the past back to the present. “Our culture and art should never stay in the past. They have every reason to be part of everyday life of the general public. Shaoxing is admirable in preserving and promoting culture，” pointed out Liu.

In Lius opinion， culture needs a long time to grow and thrive and reading can contribute to cultural prosperity. “Shaoxing has produced a great number of scholars and celebrated people in the past， which in turn says convincingly about the historical and cultural characteristics of the city，” commented Liu Binjie.

The project was originally launched by Yuesheng Culture Media Group， a private printing and publishing business in Shaoxing， a city of 2，500 years. The company has been engaged in this project for more than 20 years. The project now gets the full backing of the local government and the provincial government. The national government is considering ways to help.

In modern times， China has produced a large quantity of historical documents. Due to the modern technology of papermaking and printing， many of these historical documents are in critical conditions to varying degrees. Books printed in the feudal China used paper made in the traditional way and could last 500 to 700 years under normal circumstances. Paper made in modern times is meant to endure only for decades. That is largely why scholars and experts and governmental officials for a long time are worried about the conditions of the books printed during the so-called modern times and why they are responding so enthusiastically to the reprinting project going on in Shaoxing.

Before now， China didnt have a systematic， complete and authoritative rescue project to restore and reprint them. Shaoxings mission is the latest effort to preserve historical documents which are now scattered all over the world. The project aims to pick the most valuable and reprint them.

“This project has a clear-cut purpose： we are to preserve the historical documents for studies in the future. This project is of great significance and responsibility，” emphasized Liu. “In the past 60 years， we have done a great deal to preserve ancient documents. There are a number of important projects in place to preserve and protect contemporary documents， but the preservation of historical documents published from 1840 to 1949 is inadequate.”

Chen Pingyuan， a professor with Peking University， said at the symposium that the reprinting project is both ambitious and unprecedented. The series， when completed， would make a great contribution to Chinese culture and academic research and studies. The series is significant primarily because these historical documents are actually a record of Chinese nation during that specific historical period. We should never forget or ignore this period. The series is culturally significant because the books published during these years recorded a great variety of voices and ideologies. People of these years competed with each other announcing their worldviews and analyses and proposing solutions to a series of grave problems that were ravaging China.

The project aims to be complete within next ten years and the total investment is estimated to be about 600 million to 700 million. “But we need to understand that the project is so challenging that it will probably take 20 years to complete，” pointed out Liu Binjie.