記憶是一個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵要素，尤其是悲傷的記憶。10年前（2008年）的那場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的大地震，傷害、影響了我們身邊的很多人，讓大家感受到在自然災(zāi)害面前人類的渺小，也深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)從國(guó)家到國(guó)民在防災(zāi)避難方面安全意識(shí)及知識(shí)的薄弱。美國(guó)心理學(xué)家亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛在1943年發(fā)表的《人類激勵(lì)理論》中提出了需要層次論，他認(rèn)為安全需求是僅次于生理需求的人類基本需求，安全環(huán)境是人類從事社會(huì)活動(dòng)的基本前提，需要引起足夠的重視。

10年過(guò)去了，國(guó)家對(duì)安全越來(lái)越重視，國(guó)民的安全意識(shí)在覺(jué)醒，四川災(zāi)區(qū)也發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，人民的生活水平獲得了極大的改善。與此同時(shí)我國(guó)在防災(zāi)避難、公共安全等方面積累了眾多的科技成果，也制定了系列的政策支持。并于2018年3月，國(guó)務(wù)院專門(mén)設(shè)立了中華人民共和國(guó)應(yīng)急管理部，致力于建立統(tǒng)一指揮、專常兼?zhèn)?、反?yīng)靈敏、上下聯(lián)動(dòng)、平戰(zhàn)結(jié)合的中國(guó)特色安全應(yīng)急管理體制，將建立健全的城鄉(xiāng)公共安全體制列為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大任務(wù)，把提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力、確保人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定放到國(guó)家發(fā)展的首位。

隨著國(guó)家大力提倡建設(shè)“平安城市”和“平安社區(qū)”，風(fēng)景園林行業(yè)進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，而環(huán)境安全相關(guān)的研究是實(shí)現(xiàn)“安全環(huán)境”的前提及基礎(chǔ)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)人工環(huán)境空間安全——自然環(huán)境生態(tài)安全——社會(huì)環(huán)境文化安全三位一體的“平安城市”發(fā)展模式，地理信息系統(tǒng)（Geographic Information System）、PPGIS等將個(gè)體感知與空間感知的田野調(diào)查方法都被應(yīng)用于環(huán)境安全研究，相關(guān)研究方法對(duì)安全環(huán)境的研究產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。有幸作為本刊特約編輯，主持本期“安全環(huán)境”專題，特邀請(qǐng)了來(lái)自瑞典皇家理工學(xué)院（KTH Royal Institute of Technology）、香港大學(xué)、同濟(jì)大學(xué)、華南理工大學(xué)、重慶大學(xué)、蘇州大學(xué)等高校專家學(xué)者，利用環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)防犯罪（CPTED）、可防衛(wèi)空間、情景預(yù)防犯罪等環(huán)境犯罪學(xué)理論，分別從地鐵系統(tǒng)、大學(xué)校園、住區(qū)環(huán)境、街道空間、城市廣場(chǎng)等城市空間類型探討犯罪行為、安全感知、環(huán)境行為安全等內(nèi)容及其之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，研究涵蓋文獻(xiàn)綜述、理論研究、實(shí)證研究等過(guò)程，雖仍不能完整涵蓋安全環(huán)境所希冀的范圍，但由此也可以看出，相關(guān)研究進(jìn)一步明確安全環(huán)境理論的發(fā)展、應(yīng)用及其外延，并為安全國(guó)家、“平安城市”的框架構(gòu)建提供基礎(chǔ)。

伴隨著科技的發(fā)展、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及，智慧城市帶來(lái)了新的安全隱患。未來(lái)如何面對(duì)高科技、人工智能等引發(fā)的非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題是安全環(huán)境應(yīng)該關(guān)注的新課題。另外，根據(jù)日本、歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，安全環(huán)境的構(gòu)筑不僅僅停留在物理環(huán)境的安全，應(yīng)該向心理環(huán)境的安心、社會(huì)環(huán)境的舒適等方面發(fā)展?？傊?，安全環(huán)境的建設(shè)還任重道遠(yuǎn)，需要從安全類別（行為安全、犯罪安全、災(zāi)害安全），空間類型（校園、公園、廣場(chǎng)等防災(zāi)避難點(diǎn)）、用戶群體（兒童、老年人、女性等弱勢(shì)人群）等多維度進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究和完善。下一個(gè)10年，讓我們共同努力，共建“美好生活”“安心家園”。

本期專題組稿人：賴文波

2018年7月5日

From a Safe Environment to a Secure Home

Memory is a key element for a person’s growth, especially the sad memories. The sudden earthquake a decade ago (in 2008) hurt and affected a lot of people around us, acknowledging people how vulnerable we human beings are when facing nature and how weak the Chinese nationals’ safety awareness is in front of the sudden disasters. Abraham Maslow, the well-known American psychologist published his workA Theory of Human Motivation Psychological Reviewin 1943 to put forward the Hierarchy of Demand Theory to take the safety as the second human basic demand only next to the physical demand. Safe environment as the prerequisite of human social activities deserves more of our attention.

Over the past 10 years, the central government has paid more attention to the safety issue and the national safety awareness is widely awakening. The disaster-stricken areas of Sichuan underwent tremendous salvages and local people’s living standards have been significantly improved. At the same time, China has accumulated numerous scientific and technological achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation and in public security and a series of related policies have been enacted. In March 2018, the Ministry of Emergency Management P.R. China was set up under the State Council for establishing Chinese featured emergency management system with unified command and integrated,responsive, precautious safety operations and services. In the meantime, establishment of improved public security system in both urban and rural areas has been determined as a major task of modernization of China and the capacity building of disaster prevention, reduction and relief to ensure safety of people’s life and property and social stability has been taken as a high priority of national development.

With the vigorous widespread construction of Safe City and Safe Community, the landscape architecture discipline shall gain new development opportunities, yet research is the premise and foundation to realize environment safety. In order to achieve the three-in-one Safe City development, namely the artificial environment space safety, the natural environment and ecological safety and the socio-cultural environmental safety, the fieldwork method such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) that integrate individual perception and space perception are applied to environmental safety research, and the related research methods has contributed positively to the research progresses. As the special editor of this issue themed Safe Environment, I invited experts and scholars from Swedish KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Hong Kong University, Tongji University, South China University of Technology, Chongqing University, Suzhou University etc.to use theories of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), defendable space, situational crime prevention,environmental criminology etc. to explore respectively the criminal behavior, safety awareness, environmental behavior and their interactions in subway, campuses, residential areas, street spaces, city squares, these studies including literature review, theoretical study and empirical analysis. Although these research has not covered the full range of expectations regarding environment safety, it did further define the development, application and denotation of the theory of environment safety which provide basis for framework construction of Safe Country and Safety City.

The development of science and technology especially the disseminated use of Internet of Things, Wise City has brought about new safety risks. How to resolve the non-traditional safety problems arising from high technology and artificial intelligence has become a new topic of environment safety deserving our attention in the future. Furthermore, the practices of the developed countries as Japan, Europe and the United States etc. have shown that the buildup of safety environment means not only the safety of physical environment but also the psychological environment inclusive of heart-felt peacefulness, comfortable social surroundings etc. In short, the construction of the environmental safety of China remains a long way ahead demanding multi-dimensional systematic researches for improvement from the perspectives of safety category (behavior safety, criminal security, disaster safety),space types (refuge sites at campus, park, square etc.), user groups(children, the elderly, women and other disadvantaged groups). In the next decade, let us work together to build up a Better Life and a Secure Home.

Translator: Wang Xiyue

Acquiring editor of the current issue: LAI Wenbo

July 5th, 2018