ADEPT 建筑事務(wù)所

景觀與建筑的融合

韋斯特峽灣公園（Vestre Fjord Park）是一個將建筑與自然景觀融為一體的科普體驗(yàn)型公園，內(nèi)部建筑結(jié)構(gòu)簡單卻品質(zhì)卓越，人們在這里可以全方位體驗(yàn)到丹麥奧爾堡里姆喬德（Limfjord）的獨(dú)特景觀。該公園于2017年夏季面向公眾開放，其亮點(diǎn)在于景觀化的設(shè)計與材料的獨(dú)特使用。

在過去的70年里，韋斯特峽灣公園的所在之處有一個露天泳池。2009年，由于游客人數(shù)的不斷增加，奧爾堡市政府希望對泳池進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的翻新與擴(kuò)建，并為此舉辦了一次競賽—在165000m2的場地中展現(xiàn)出不同的景觀，并設(shè)計一個建筑以容納當(dāng)?shù)氐乃线\(yùn)動協(xié)會。韋斯特峽灣公園的設(shè)計滿足了大部分的競賽要求，是甲方奧爾堡市政府、建筑師和使用者之間共同合作的結(jié)果。

1 韋斯特峽灣公園總平面圖Master plan of Vestre Fjord Park

2 這座建筑恰好位于峽灣和內(nèi)陸泳池的交界處The building is located exactly at the crossing between fjord and in-land pools

3 軸測圖展示韋斯特峽灣公園的主要建筑理念A(yù)xonometric diagram showing the main principles of the Vestre Fjord Park building concept

4 剖切到了建筑的斷面圖Selected cross section throught the buildings

5 這棟建筑通過材料以及建筑形態(tài)融入周圍環(huán)境The building blends into its surroundings with adaption to materials and the shape of the design

多樣的景觀特色

里姆喬德?lián)碛械溩畲蟮膷{灣景觀，這為韋斯特峽灣公園帶來了巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿Αｍf斯特峽灣公園是一個集峽灣景觀、戶外活動和綠色空間于一體的地方。在這里，人們可以探索“真實(shí)的”自然—水域、鳥類、魚類、田野、沙灘和草地。與此同時，各種各樣的戶外活動設(shè)施也為人們提供了感受自然與城市的新體驗(yàn)。

韋斯特峽灣公園注重自然景觀特色、規(guī)劃功能、全新“濱水空間”布局以及使用者需求之間微妙的平衡。公園通過創(chuàng)造陸地與海洋間的游覽路徑使人們得以與海峽親密接觸，同時，多功能建筑也為多樣的濱水活動提供了場所。

韋斯特峽灣公園既是一種建筑，又是一種景觀，設(shè)計基于一個簡單而強(qiáng)大的建筑理念—簡潔抽象而功能豐富。公園劃分為幾個較小的景觀區(qū)域，每個區(qū)域都有著獨(dú)特的景觀特征。公園北部的主體建筑在保證未對沿海自然環(huán)境造成污染的基礎(chǔ)上，為運(yùn)動協(xié)會提供了場地與設(shè)施—沙灘、水域、露天泳池及跳水彈板。公園的西部和南部區(qū)域是森林和濕地，被茂密的植被所包圍，與東部開闊的楔形平原區(qū)域形成了對比。

公園內(nèi)的建筑物在朝向海峽的高強(qiáng)度混凝土墊座的保護(hù)下，得以免受洪水的侵襲，同時面向游泳池的建筑物基礎(chǔ)有所抬高。所有的建筑物外表面由寬度不等的杉木板構(gòu)成，所有的臺階、跳板和漫步道均由更堅(jiān)固、更耐用的格木（Tali Wood）制成。

自然環(huán)境“免費(fèi)”為該公園提供了豐富景觀，所以該項(xiàng)目的主要挑戰(zhàn)實(shí)際上不是建造過程本身和其中遇到的障礙，而是能否通過設(shè)計重新定義公園，突出它的特征，讓它真正成為一個標(biāo)志性地景。幸運(yùn)的是，這座公園已經(jīng)獲得了游客乃至奧爾堡這座城市的認(rèn)可，收到了十分良好的使用反饋。

豐富的水上活動

兩片水域之間、內(nèi)陸盆地和峽灣之間的分割線即為北部地峽景觀，它將景觀和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)相融合。多功能建筑作為漫步道的一個組成部分，所有的路徑都通向這里。

除了豐富的水上活動之外，韋斯特峽灣公園還包含多種運(yùn)動與戶外休閑活動。通過活動設(shè)施和運(yùn)動協(xié)會的設(shè)置，ADEPT建筑事務(wù)所營造了一個多功能的開放型公園以鼓勵游客積極參與其中。公園中布置了天然游樂場、“泰山足跡”、球類運(yùn)動場和自行車道等設(shè)施，甚至專門設(shè)置了一片安全區(qū)域供人們在海峽中游泳。除游泳和水上游戲之外，人們還可以參與水上跑酷、皮劃艇和鐵人三項(xiàng)比賽等活動。

各個小型獨(dú)立建筑通過屋頂景觀連接在一起，屋頂空間為人們提供了各類功能場地和活動設(shè)施。在這組建筑里，最西邊展示著峽灣地區(qū)多樣的自然棲息地環(huán)境，作為當(dāng)?shù)氐摹白匀豢破諏?dǎo)覽”空間。兩個垂釣者協(xié)會與奧爾堡峽灣花園等共享同一個空間。當(dāng)?shù)氐臐撍銟凡繐碛幸粭潽?dú)立的建筑，內(nèi)設(shè)冬泳協(xié)會，通過一個半私人的碼頭與陸地上的桑拿房及更衣室相連接。

內(nèi)部泳池的周圍配備救生員工作空間和公共更衣室。除上述設(shè)施之外，還有一個小咖啡廳專門為游客提供茶點(diǎn)。

屋頂景觀造就了這棟建筑

屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)空間除了作為這片水域活動的看臺之外，還布置了一個游樂場，包括蹦床、滑梯和一個部分表面鍍膜的攀爬網(wǎng)，可供人跳躍、奔跑。

屋頂?shù)钠渌糠直挥粲羰[蔥的綠色植物覆蓋，這使得它從很多角度上來看仿佛是自然棲息地的一部分。剩余的表面用木材覆蓋，使得建筑結(jié)構(gòu)與漫步道無縫銜接。

除了部分屋頂之外，公園的大部分區(qū)域均向公眾開放。

材料

建筑和景觀中天然材料的使用和“精妙”的細(xì)節(jié)處理，創(chuàng)造出了一個近自然的公園。

6 不同高度的跳板跳水是日常活動的一部分Spring board diving is part of the daily activities, both high and low

7 水池為各種水上運(yùn)動提供場所The pools are a space for all sorts of water related sports

8 劃分內(nèi)陸水池空間的橋梁The bridge dividing the in-land pools

9 充滿活力的屋頂景觀為公園增添生機(jī)與趣味The active roof scape add an extra layer of life and play to the park

10 屋頂下頗具戲劇性的美麗光影The quite dramatics paces under the roof creates a beautiful play of light and shadow

11 可供人跳躍和攀爬的網(wǎng)—空中游樂場Nets for jumping and crawling — a playground in the air

12 游樂場地和臺階的結(jié)合Hybrid of playground and stairs

13 公園中的所有路徑都通向海峽和主體建筑All paths of the park leads to the isthmus and the build structure

14 屋頂景觀和地面景觀通過屋頂綠化和臺階進(jìn)行連接Green roof and stairs connects the roof scape and the ground

15 屋頂綠化的細(xì)節(jié)Detail from green roof

所有解決策略的提出和設(shè)施材料的選擇，都源于盡量削弱工程對環(huán)境影響的考慮。木材是一種舒適、可親近的自然材料，且尺度宜人，因此被作為整個公園和內(nèi)部建筑的主要材料。公園的細(xì)節(jié)處理展示著活動設(shè)施與美學(xué)表達(dá)方式的多樣性結(jié)合。所有用于構(gòu)筑物外表面和漫步道的木材都經(jīng)過認(rèn)證。經(jīng)過時間的推移和峽灣周圍氣候條件的變化，木材還會隨之產(chǎn)生一些微妙的變化。

歷史與演變

韋斯特峽灣公園的所在地曾經(jīng)缺少休閑功能與元素，場地不具美感、空間感以及連貫性，這與其周邊獨(dú)特的環(huán)境條件相悖。

項(xiàng)目甲方奧爾堡市政府希望將韋斯特峽灣公園作為該地區(qū)增強(qiáng)城市特征的新契機(jī)，通過完善露天游泳設(shè)施使得公園在美學(xué)和功能上與周圍的綠色環(huán)境本底相得益彰，在增強(qiáng)韋斯特峽灣公園景觀體驗(yàn)的同時，將沙灘、水域等各種自然元素與多樣的活動相結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造一個集聚多種功能的現(xiàn)代公園。

在韋斯特峽灣公園的設(shè)計過程中，大量的公園使用者參與其中。

近日，韋斯特峽灣公園憑借其景觀與建筑的完美融合，被授予為奧爾堡市最佳新建筑之一。

項(xiàng)目位置：丹麥奧爾堡

建成時間：2017年

建筑事務(wù)所：ADEPT建筑事務(wù)所

項(xiàng)目面積：建筑2000m2，景觀15.5hm2

客戶方：奧爾堡市政府

合作方：GHB景觀設(shè)計公司，奧本肯咨詢公司，尼若斯工程咨詢公司，COWI咨詢公司，雷克曼迪雷特公司

圖片來源：雷斯慕斯霍特斯工作室

翻譯：馮瑋

校對：張希

A hybrid between landscape and building

Vestre Fjord Park is a recreational learning and experience landscape—a hybrid between building and natural landscape—that with a simple high—quality architectural structure contributes to the full experience of the unique site by the Limfjord in Aalborg, Denmark. The park opened in the summer of 2017 and is fully accessible to the public. The new attraction has a strong identity born from a ‘landscapely’ approach to the design and a strong material character.

For the last 70 years, there has been an open air pool where Vestre Fjord Park is today. In 2009 the client, Aalborg Municipality, faced that the bath needed an extensive renovation as well as a physical extension due to a growing number of visitors. A competition was issued for the extension —a 165,000 m2area of differentiated landscape character as well as a build structure that was to house the local water sports associations.Most of these have been involved in the process of designing Vestre Fjord Park and the completed project thus is a result of the collaboration between client, architects and users.

Diverse landscape characters

The Limfjord itself, the largest fjord landscape in Denmark, is the grand potential of Vestre Fjord Park. Here one finds ‘real’ nature–water, bird life,fish, fields, beach and meadows – that together with a wide variety of physical activities and outdoor facilities create the setting for new experiences close to both nature and the city. Vestre Fjord Park is the place where the experiences of fjord,activities and park truly become one.

It is the balance between the natural landscape,the planned functions, the new ‘water spaces’and the users that really adds life and character to Vestre Fjord Park. The vision is to encourage a direct contact to the fjord by establishing better accessibility from land to sea. At the same time, the project aim to strengthen the story of the landscape with a multi-functional building structure that frames the potential activities of the water.

Vestre Fjord Park is both building and landscape and based on a simple yet strong architectural concept —sculptural but functional. The park is divided into several smaller landscape areas, each with their own identity and character. The isthmus to the North with the building structure, its facilities for sports associations and its unspoiled nature along the fjord; the beach embracing the open air swimming area with sand, water and spring board diving. The Woods and the Wetlands to the west and south with its dense vegetation that close around themselves as a contrast to the open areas of the Wedge and the Plain to the east.

16 一處滑梯連接了屋頂景觀和地面A slide connects roof scape and ground

The buildings in the park are protected from flooding by a high concrete socket towards the fjord and are somewhat elevated towards the pools.All the buildings have facades made from cedar in boards of varying widths. All stairs, gangways and promenades are made from the somewhat stronger and more durable Tali wood.

The natural landscape setting gave a lot to the project ‘for free’, so the main challenges of the project were actually not the building process itself or those obstacles that one eventually meet during such a process. The real challenge was the question of whether the design would manage to give the park a new identity, underlining it and framing it enough to really make it a place. Luckily, both the frequent users,random visitors and the city has taken it to their hearts already and the feedback is fantastic.

A multitude of water related activities

The precise cut between the two water areas,the inner basin and the fjord itself, defines the northern isthmus, binding together landscape and built structure. The multi-functional building structure is seemingly an integrated part of the promenade, all paths clearly leading here.

18 坡道和臺階為游客提供親水空間Ramps and stairs provide access for everyone to the water

19 從泳池到峽灣的視線通廊Visual connections from the pools to the fjord

Vestre Fjord Park invites you to engage yourself in physical activities and outdoor living beyond the water related activities. Gathering facilities and associations at Vestre Fjord Park ADEPT have created a versatile and open atmosphere meant to inspire its visitors. Besides swimming and water games, visitors and users can participate in water parkour, kayak polo and triathlon. There is even a secured area for swimming in the fjord. In the park, one can furthermore find a nature playground, a ‘Tarzan track’, fields for ball games and a cycling track.

The small individual buildings bound together by the roof-scape provides spaces and facilities for a large variety of functions. In the buildings farthest to the west are the spaces for the local Nature Guides, bene fitting from the varied natural habitat of the fjord. Two anglers associations share spaces with Aalborg Fjord Gardens, etc. The local diving club has its own building as well as have the winter bathers association, the later complimented with a semi-private jetty in connection to the sauna and locker rooms on land.

Surrounding the inner pools are spaces for lifeguards and public changing rooms. In addition to the facilities above, a small café offers refreshments to visitors.

The roof-scape makes the building

Besides acting as seating for the basin activities, the roof structure offers a build—in playground with trampolines, a slide and a climbing net along with a partly coated surface for jumping,running etc.

Other parts of the roof is covered in lush greenery that from several perspectives makes it appear as simply a part of the natural habitat.Remaining surfaces are clad in wood making the build structure blend seamlessly with the promenade.

Most areas of the park is accessible to all,even if parts of the roof is not.

20 公園于夜晚點(diǎn)亮燈光，既渲染了氛圍，又提高了安全性The park is subtly lit at night to provide a lot atmosphere, yet a safe passage

21 水面上的安靜時刻A quiet moment on the water

22 韋斯特峽灣公園為多項(xiàng)活動提供了空間。簡單的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)為多樣的活動提供遮蔭、淋浴設(shè)施、更衣室、儲藏室等場地Vestre Fjord Park makes space for a multitude of activities. The simple building elements supports the activities offering shelter, shower facilities, locker rooms, storage and more

Materials

Natural materials and ‘honest’ details in both building and landscape are chosen to create a homogenous balance to nature’s own colours and surfaces.

All solutions and products are chosen with thoughts to a minimal impact on the environment.Wood is the dominating material throughout the park and buildings. It matches the human scale present everywhere as well as acts as a soft and approachable material. Detailing shows a great variation in the aesthetic expression that embraces the many activities offered in the park. All wood used for facades, promenades etc. is certified. In time it will in time change subtly due to the exposure to the climate conditions and weather around the fjord.

History and process

Vestre Fjord Park is built on a site that formerly held several related non-recreative functions and elements, placed at odds with its unique surroundings. The area was dominated by a lack of aesthetics, spatial structure and coherence.

The client, Aalborg Municipality, had a vision of Vestre Fjord Park as the catalyst of a new strong identity in the area through embracing the Open Air Swimming facilities in a physical, aesthetic and functional unity with its green surroundings.While strengthening the experience of the landscape qualities, Vestre Fjord Park was to create a contemporary and multi-functional park and build structure to include a multitude of different activities related to beach, water, nature and other kinds of physical activities.

The design was developed through an intensive user involvement.

Vestre Fjord Park was recently honoured among the best new architecture in Aalborg for its elegant relation between landscape and building.

Location:Aalborg, Denmark

Completion Year: 2017

Architect:ADEPT

Size:2,000m2building, 15.5hm2landscape

Client:Aalborg Municipality

Collaborators:GHB Landskab, Orbicon, Niras, COWI,Rekommanderet

Photo credits:Rasmus Hjortsh?j_Coast Studio

Translator:FENG Wei

Proofreader:ZHANG Xi