張顏明
英語繪本圖文并茂、內(nèi)容豐富,有助于激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀能力和思維品質(zhì)。在近期“現(xiàn)代與經(jīng)典”全國小學(xué)英語教學(xué)觀摩研討會中,桂婷婷老師執(zhí)教的繪本課“The Day Without the Morning Call”堪稱繪本教學(xué)的典范。筆者聽后深受啟發(fā),現(xiàn)擷取片斷與同仁們共賞。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:(呈現(xiàn)圖1)This is the cover of the story.The picture can tell you a lot of information.What do you know from the picture?
S1:The title of the story is The Day Without the Morning Call.
S2:I can see a sun.
T:How’s the sun?
S2:It looks sad.
T:Why?
S2:Because the animals are all sleeping.
T:How do you know that?
S2:There are many Zs.
T:Good!What else do you know?
S3:There is a rooster in front of the house.It is sleeping.
圖1
【教學(xué)賞析】繪本封面含有許多重要信息,如書名、故事背景、主人公等,理解封面有助于學(xué)生把握繪本的核心價值。在閱讀繪本之前,桂老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察繪本封面圖片,幫助學(xué)生了解故事背景。在此過程中,桂老師適時追問,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注圖片細(xì)節(jié),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的讀圖能力和推理能力。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:Look at the title.What does“without”mean?
S1:It means no.
T:Right.Is there any morning call on that day?
Ss:No.
T:Look at the title and cover.What do you want to know about the story?You can ask some questions(教師給出疑問詞提示).
S2:Why is everyone sleeping?
S3:Why is the sun unhappy?
T:So you want to know what happened in the story.
S4:Who makes the morning call?
S5:Who is sleeping in the house?
T:So we have the“who”question and the“what”question.
【教學(xué)賞析】在學(xué)生描述繪本封面后,桂老師將學(xué)生的注意力聚焦到“故事眼”without一詞上,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)繪本標(biāo)題和封面圖片自主提問,激發(fā)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知需求,培養(yǎng)其分析與質(zhì)疑能力。接著,桂老師把學(xué)生提出的問題歸納為who和what兩大類,并在接下來的環(huán)節(jié)中圍繞這兩大問題展開教學(xué),使學(xué)生從知識的接受者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹R的探究者。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:First,let’s focus on the“who”question.Please go through the picture book quick ly,and find out who are in the story and who makes the morning call.
Ss:(翻看繪本后回答)A donkey/rooster/hen/cow.
T:We know the hen and rooster are chickens.But what’s the difference?
S1:The hen can lay eggs,but the rooster can’t.
T:So the hen is a...(教師揮動自己的長發(fā),啟發(fā)學(xué)生說出girl一詞)
S1:Girl,and the rooster is a boy.
T:Good.Who makes the morning call?
Ss:The rooster.
T:How does he make the morning call?Who can show us?
S2:Cock-a-dood le-doo!
T:Does a Chinese rooster call like this?
Ss:No.
T:How does a Chinese rooster call?
S3:喔喔喔!
T:That’s right.So the rooster in the story is from...
Ss:America or England.
【教學(xué)賞析】繪本教學(xué)中應(yīng)注重圖畫與文字的一體性和閱讀過程的整體性(張伊娜,2017)。在初讀繪本時,桂老師讓學(xué)生翻看繪本找出故事人物,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過讀文看圖構(gòu)建繪本故事意義,幫助他們從整體上感知繪本。同時,借助簡潔的語言啟發(fā)學(xué)生對比hen,rooster的區(qū)別,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對比公雞打鳴聲在漢語和英語中的不同表達(dá),既增添了繪本閱讀的趣味性,又巧妙滲透了中西文化差異。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:Now,let’s try to solve the“what”question.What happened in the story?(呈現(xiàn)圖2)Here are some p lots about the story.Some of them are right,and some of them are wrong.Your job is to read the story again and find out the answers.(學(xué)生自讀繪本,選出相應(yīng)情節(jié))
圖2
【教學(xué)賞析】繪本教學(xué)應(yīng)基于學(xué)情,從整體理解的角度設(shè)置多元任務(wù),并根據(jù)繪本圖像和文字的特點,設(shè)計邏輯性強(qiáng)、能提升學(xué)生思維品質(zhì)的教學(xué)活動,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生整體解讀文本,理解繪本內(nèi)容,感受繪本內(nèi)涵,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的閱讀體驗(張海燕,2017)。在找出故事人物的基礎(chǔ)上,桂老師再次設(shè)計了整體閱讀繪本的任務(wù),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自讀繪本,選出故事情節(jié),幫助學(xué)生厘清故事主線。此任務(wù)中,桂老師并沒有讓學(xué)生用自己的話概括故事情節(jié),而是基于學(xué)情,給出幾個選項供學(xué)生選擇,既減輕了學(xué)生的閱讀負(fù)擔(dān),又有效培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的歸納與概括能力。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:(呈現(xiàn)圖3)The rooster isn’t busy,but the others are.What do they do?Please read P1-P3 and find out.Here’s a tip for you.The pictures can help you understand some difficult words.(學(xué)生掃讀繪本P1-P3,找出關(guān)鍵詞)
圖3
【教學(xué)賞析】在學(xué)生整體感知繪本后,教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注繪本中的細(xì)節(jié)信息,推動學(xué)生對繪本的深度感悟。桂老師借助問題“What do they do?”,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掃讀繪本,找出關(guān)鍵詞,幫助學(xué)生把握故事的矛盾沖突點。同時,桂老師提供了根據(jù)圖片猜測詞義的閱讀策略,充分體現(xiàn)了繪本圖片的價值。
【教學(xué)回顧】
(臺下學(xué)生讀繪本P1-P3旁白,臺上學(xué)生表演)
T:Three,two,one!
Ss:Freeze!(臺上學(xué)生定格于剛才的動作)
T:They’re frozen,but they’re thinking.Let’s ask them.Hello,rooster!What were you doing?How do you feel?
S1:I was walking around.I feel relaxed and free.
T:Hi,donkey!What were you doing?
S2:I was making bean curd.
T:Look at the rooster.He was walking around.Are you happy with that?
S2:No!I’m very angry.
T:What about you,hen?
S3:I was laying eggs.I feel tired.
T:How about you,cow?
S4:I was giving milk.I feel tired and angry.
T:(對臺下學(xué)生說)The donkey,cow and hen are angry.What do they say?Can you guess?
S5:Look at the lazy rooster!
S6:Come and help us!
T:Let’s read P4-P7,and find out.
【教學(xué)賞析】角色扮演有助于學(xué)生自然地進(jìn)入角色,在建構(gòu)故事的同時體驗人物情感。在閱讀繪本的過程中,桂老師選取故事情節(jié)的矛盾沖突點,帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行角色扮演。同時,借助戲劇教學(xué)策略Still image,讓扮演者突然定格于當(dāng)時的動作,并采訪其感受。該活動使繪本中的文字和圖片變得直觀和豐滿,讓學(xué)生真切體驗到其他動物對公雞無所事事的不滿與憤怒,增強(qiáng)了學(xué)生的感性認(rèn)識,激發(fā)了他們繼續(xù)閱讀繪本的欲望。
【教學(xué)回顧】
T:(呈現(xiàn)圖4)Now,what will they say to the rooster?
S1:I’m sorry.
S2:Your job is also very important.
T:What do you learn from the story?
S3:Everyone’s job is important.
S4:We should work hard.
S5:We shouldn’t be lazy.
圖4
【教學(xué)賞析】繪本的核心在于故事所傳遞的價值。在讀后環(huán)節(jié),教師應(yīng)提出判斷性、評價性問題,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生綜合概括和獨立思考的能力,啟發(fā)學(xué)生深層次思維;教師還應(yīng)設(shè)置一些開放性問題,為每個學(xué)生提供陳述自己觀點、看法的機(jī)會(朱浦,2008)。桂老師先借助繪本結(jié)尾處的留白,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從繪本角色的角度出發(fā),想象此時其他動物會對公雞說什么。接著,鼓勵學(xué)生分享從故事中獲得的啟示,幫助學(xué)生理解繪本的深層價值。這兩個任務(wù)層層遞進(jìn),促使學(xué)生由感性認(rèn)識上升到理性思辨,繪本主題得以提升。
小學(xué)教學(xué)設(shè)計(英語)2018年6期