錢芳 高妍 顧艷 劉朵
摘 要 目的:了解基層藥師職業(yè)倦怠的現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)影響因素。方法:采用簡單隨機(jī)抽樣方法在嘉定區(qū)全部二級醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)與社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心內(nèi)選取了197名藥師,采用人口學(xué)資料問卷和馬斯勒倦怠量表-服務(wù)行業(yè)版量表對所有藥師進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查。結(jié)果:藥師職業(yè)倦怠的比例為63.47%,44.31%的被試者有一定程度的情感衰竭現(xiàn)象,38.92%的被試者有不同程度的去人性化現(xiàn)象,67.07%的被試者缺乏個人成就感;不同工作崗位、學(xué)歷水平的藥師,其職業(yè)倦怠情況的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:應(yīng)重點關(guān)注調(diào)劑崗位和本科學(xué)歷以下的藥師的職業(yè)發(fā)展,合理配備藥學(xué)人員,注重其精神心理需求,預(yù)防職業(yè)倦怠。
關(guān)鍵詞 藥師;職業(yè)倦?。磺楦兴ソ撸蝗ト诵曰?;個人成就感
中圖分類號:R192 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2018)06-0012-03
Investigation and analysis of the job burnout of grass-roots pharmacists in public medical institutions of Jiading District
QIAN Fang, GAO Yan, GU Yan, LIU Duo
(Pharmacy Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201800, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the status and related factors of the job burnout of the grass-roots pharmacists. Methods: By simple random sampling, 197 pharmacists were selected in all secondary medical institutions and community health service centers in Jiading District. All pharmacists were investigated by demographic data questionnaire and masler burnout scaleservice industry scale. Results: The proportion of pharmacists job burnout was 63.47%, 44.31% of the subjects had a certain degree of emotional exhaustion, 38.92% of the subjects with different degrees of depersonalization, and 67.07% of the subjects lacked a sense of personal achievement. The difference of the job burnout in pharmacists with different jobs and academic qualifications was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: Focus attention should be given to the adjustment position and the career development of pharmacists below the bachelors degree, rationally staffing pharmaceutical workers, focusing on their mental and psychological needs, and preventing job burnout.
KEY WORDS pharmacist; job burnout; emotional exhaustion; depersonalization; personal accomplishment
職業(yè)倦怠[1-2]是一種影響個人身心健康和工作服務(wù)質(zhì)量的長期性心理反映,指個體長期處于工作壓力狀態(tài)下出現(xiàn)的一種身心消耗過度、精力衰竭的綜合征狀態(tài),國際上常使用3個維度來表達(dá),情感衰竭(Emotional Exhaustion,EE)指工作沒有熱情,注意力難以集中,也是職業(yè)倦怠的核心維度;去人性化(Depersonalization,DP)指對工作對象采取冷漠、忽視的態(tài)度,且自身情緒易怒,導(dǎo)致個人發(fā)展停滯;個人成就感(Personal Accomplishment,PA)指以自我工作能力體驗和成就的評價來衡量職業(yè)倦怠的程度。
對于職業(yè)倦怠的研究,國內(nèi)近年來在醫(yī)生、護(hù)士、教師、警察等群體開展的較多,而藥師作為醫(yī)務(wù)團(tuán)隊中的一員,對其職業(yè)倦怠的研究并不多。隨著醫(yī)療改革的進(jìn)一步推進(jìn),藥品零加成政策的執(zhí)行,藥師面臨較大的職業(yè)方向轉(zhuǎn)型壓力。在完成繁重調(diào)劑工作的同時,需要參與處方審核、用藥監(jiān)護(hù)及患者教育等等與合理用藥相關(guān)的工作。故筆者對此群體進(jìn)行職業(yè)倦怠的調(diào)查分析。
1 對象與方法
1.1 調(diào)查對象
截至2017年4月30日,上海市嘉定區(qū)共有二級醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)6家、社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心12家,所有在職藥師總數(shù)為291名。樣本量依據(jù)簡單隨機(jī)抽樣原則,同時考慮20%的失訪率,確定抽樣調(diào)查藥師數(shù)為197名。用Minitab 17.0軟件對291名藥師按照上述計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行隨機(jī)抽樣,獲得最終的問卷調(diào)查人員名單。
本次調(diào)查共發(fā)放問卷197份,回收197份,其中有效問卷167份,合格率為84.77%。受調(diào)查者基本情況為:二級醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)藥師84名(50.00%),社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心藥師83名(50.00%);其中男性51名(30.54%),女性116名(69.46%);≤30歲48名(28.74%),31~40歲82名(49.10%),41~50歲29名(17.37%),≥50歲8名(4.79%);初級職稱126名(75.45%),中級39名(23.35%),高級2名(1.20%)。