推薦書目:《語言教學實用技巧》
作 者:Michael Lewis(美),Jimmie Hill(美)
出版信息:外語教學與研究出版社;圣智學習出版公司 2009年7月
推 薦 人:平克虹(山西省教科院前高中教研員,中學特級教師)
推薦理由:本書雖然以英文寫就,但所用語言淺顯易懂,言簡意賅,不像一般的語言教學專著那樣有許多深奧的理論和專業(yè)概念術語,特別是還有魏立明教授撰寫的精妙導讀,中小學英語教師閱讀都不會有什么困難。特別值得一提的是,通過全書的學習,讀者既可以了解語言學習的基本原理,學到特別實用的教學方法,又可以同步習得地道的英語,一舉多得,豈不快哉!
不知不覺筆者從事外語教學工作已有四十年之久,在這幾十年的教學實踐和教學研究工作中,筆者一直未曾中斷學習,中、外出版的各種外語教學理論與教學方法的書籍也讀過一些,但是一直沒有找到一本既有精粹的語言教學理論指導,又有實用的教學方法建議,而且還十分貼合中小學英語教師專業(yè)成長的教學指導用書。直至2010年前后,筆者在“圣智英語教師叢書”中,發(fā)現了這本書——《語言教學實用技巧》(Practical Techniques for Language Teaching)。初看書名與篇幅,筆者以為這就是一本普通的英語教師輔助用書,主要會介紹一些常用的教學技巧而已。誰知捧書在手竟難以放下,感覺自己數十年在英語教學與研究工作中的困惑、思考和感悟竟然悉數被錄入書中,書中深入淺出地說明了許多道理,也為教學指明了方向,提出了很多實用的解決方法和建議。筆者不禁心生感慨,若幾十年前能獲讀此書,那該是何等快意之教學人生啊!
本書一共有十二章節(jié),筆者最為推崇的是其第一章節(jié)和第二章節(jié),這兩個章節(jié)討論的都是基本教學原則(Basic Principles), 是本書的核心所在和領讀之篇。筆者以全書第一章節(jié)所討論的基本教學原則目錄為例,對部分內容略作介紹,使讀者初步領略一下這本書的生命力所在:
Chapter 1 Basic Principles 1—Student and Teacher
1. Learning is more important than teaching.
2. Teach the students, not the book.
3. Involve students in the learning process.
4. Dont tell students what they can tell you.
5. Show your reactions to what students say.
6. Students need practice, not you.
7. Dont emphasise difficulties.
8. Vary what you do, and how you do it.
9. Select!
10. Activities and relationships in the classroom change.
11. Students need to learn how to learn.
12. Useful and fun is better than either alone.
13. We all learn best when we are relaxed.
14. Students can be silent, but still involved.
教育工作者都知道,21世紀以來的課程改革特別強調要以學生的發(fā)展為課程實施的宗旨,有學者提出教學應以“學生為中心(student-centered)”,也有理論倡導應該是以“學習為中心(learning-centered)”。而本書作者在論述教學原則中最為重要的要素——學生和教師時所提出的第一條基本原則就是“Learning is more important than teaching”;隨之又明確界定了一堂好課的檢驗標準是:“The ultimate test of ‘a good lesson is not how a teacher is performed but whether the students learned”。
近20年來,各種新的教育改革理論頻現,課堂教學模式更是層出不窮。但是在許多地區(qū)和學校都出現了無視教育教學基本規(guī)律和學生身心發(fā)展規(guī)律,不顧學科基本屬性和功能定位的本質差異,在教學中硬性規(guī)定奉行一統(tǒng)的教學模式的現象。而本書作者在這一條基本教學原則中早已對此現象作出了精辟的評述,為保證作者原意不被誤讀,筆者一字不落地將精彩片段摘錄如下,供大家學習思考:
Some teachers have taught the same lessons in the same way for years out of laziness or inflexibility; other teachers make a more subtle mistake—they constantly look for “the method”. Such teachers believe that there is ‘a best way of doing something and, having found the method they consider best, they follow it strictly and carefully. We do not believe that such a method exists. Language is complex, and language teaching is correspondingly complex. It is difficult to make any statement which is always true about language teaching. Different situations call for different materials, different methods, different activities, and different strategies. The main principle for teachers to remember, however, in deciding on the suitability of an approach or method is whether it will be helpful to their particular students in that class.
無獨有偶,還有一個說法頗為流行,大意如此:教師要用教材教,而不只是教教材。筆者沒有考證此說法源自何處,但有趣的是該書第一章所討論的第二條基本原則就是“Teach the students, not the book”。筆者不知二者之間是否有同一淵源,但書中所論述的觀點卻引人深思,這些年來我們對“用教材教”這一說法的理解與實踐是否全面、正確呢?還是請讀者自己來判斷:
But the object of the course is to teach the students, not finish the book!
It may be necessary to prepare additional practices on particular points; it may be necessary to go back and study again a unit which has caused particular difficulties and, most important of all, it may be necessary to abandon the days lesson plan because students raise difficulties which neither the teacher nor the book has foreseen. The principle is that if, at any point during the lesson, the teachers pre-arranged plan and the students needs are in conflict, it is the students needs which should have priority.
限于篇幅,本文也只能選擇該書第一章所論述的第1、2兩條基本原則,結合國內的一些理論與實踐進行些簡要介紹與說明,書中博大精深的豐富寶藏還是留給廣大讀者自己去挖掘。