建筑設(shè)計(jì)：武井誠(chéng) + 鍋島千惠 / TNA

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

建造外部的地方車站

富岡繅絲廠在2014年被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄，而距離它最近的車站就是這座經(jīng)過改建的群馬縣上州富岡站。這是一個(gè)典型的地方鐵路的地面車站，隨著年久失修，又面臨列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄后大量涌入的游客，于是成為周邊道路及廣場(chǎng)整治建設(shè)的項(xiàng)目之一。設(shè)計(jì)最具公共屬性的“車站”時(shí)，不能僅僅停留在建筑單體的設(shè)計(jì)上，道路、廣場(chǎng)、公園等周圍景觀也很重要。

富岡繅絲廠的蠶繭倉(cāng)庫(kù)是木骨架磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)。為與之呼應(yīng)，上州富岡站采用的是鋼骨架磚砌結(jié)構(gòu)，在拉伸的鋼筋上砌筑磚塊，使其以“不粘連不分離”的形式相互纏結(jié)。在接縫中夾入扁鋼支撐的磚砌體之所以形成凹凸不平的形態(tài)，不僅是因?yàn)樽裾樟私Y(jié)構(gòu)分析得來的支撐角度或磚塊受風(fēng)面積，還因?yàn)閷㈤L(zhǎng)椅、公用電話、告示板、防風(fēng)墻、標(biāo)識(shí)、照明等元素的人體活動(dòng)尺寸考慮到其中，使人們可以自然而然地走近。同時(shí)，磚塊與人行步道、道路、以及延伸至公園和停車場(chǎng)的站前空間無縫銜接，仿佛消除了車站的場(chǎng)地邊界。街道的一部分帶著身體特性從地面隆起，成為家具，建造了外部。

使車站成為“車站”的是一個(gè)巨大的屋頂。這個(gè)名為“平面”的薄薄的、白色的屋頂漂浮在鐵路與街道之間，似乎使周圍的景色都融入了上州富岡站。我們將車站內(nèi)封閉的室內(nèi)空間限制在最小，同時(shí)積極地接納外部空間，從而使鐵路與街道變得不再相互孤立。在這個(gè)地方，日曬強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)候人們可以有地方遮陰，突然下起雷陣雨時(shí)也能避雨，就好像待在一條“街道的檐廊”下。

建造車站其實(shí)就是建造一個(gè)場(chǎng)所。曾經(jīng)被稱為“停車點(diǎn)”的車站，有市場(chǎng)、廣場(chǎng)、集會(huì)所等空間上的延伸，是一個(gè)人氣旺盛的“場(chǎng)所”。我們希望上州富岡站成為這樣一個(gè)場(chǎng)所，對(duì)到此游覽世界遺產(chǎn)的游客來說是一個(gè)迎接他們的非日常性的大門，同時(shí)又能如街道的檐廊一般一直支撐著富岡市至今不變的日常，成為一個(gè)超越時(shí)代、融入街道的開放性車站?！?/p>

Building an outdoor regional railway station

Tomioka Silk Mill was added to the World Heritage List in 2014, and the nearest station to it is the converted Joshu Tomioka Station in Gunma-ken. It’s a typical overground station of regional railway. Because of the disrepair over the years and the large number of tourists boom since being enlisted in the World Heritage List, it became one of the renovation projects of surrounding roads and squares. When designing a "station" that has the most public characteristics, it can’t be restricted to the design of a single building,the construction of roads, squares, parks and other surrounding landscapes are of equal importance.

The cocoon warehouse of Tomioka Silk Mill is a brick structure with wooden frame. Corresponding to it, the structure for Joshu Tomioka Station is built in brick with steel frame: building bricks on pre-stressed steel, to make them entangle in a "neither adhesion nor separation" manner. The brick construction with flat bars bracing in the gaps formed irregular shapes, not only because it kept to the supportive angles and brick windward areas based on structural analyses, but also for the consideration of human activity dimensions in the benches, public telephones, bulletin boards, windbreaks,signs, lightings and other elements, allowing people to approach naturally. At the same time, the bricks are seamlessly connected with the pedestrian walkway, the road, and the space in front of the station that extends to the park and the parking lot, as if the site boundaries of the station have dissolved. A part of the street rises from the ground with its physical characteristics,becoming the furniture and constructing the outside.

What makes the station a "station" is a huge roof. This thin white roof called "flat form" floats between the railway and the street. It seems to make all the surrounding scenery integrate into Joshu Tomioka Station. We limit the enclosed indoor space in the station to minimum, and meanwhile actively accept the outer space so that the railway and the street are not isolated from each other. Here, people can have a place for shading when the sun is fi erce,or for shelter if it suddenly begins to rain, as if they are under a "roofed porch of street".

Building a station is actually just building a place. The station that was once called "parking point", with the spatial extension by the market,square, assembly etc., was a popular "place". We hope that the Joshu Tomioka Station may become such a place, an unusual gate to welcome the tourists visiting the world heritage here, but also like a roofed porch of street that always supports the unchanged daily life of Tomioka, that it may become an open station going beyond the age and merging into the streets.□ (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

3 外景/Exterior view

4 站臺(tái)/Platform

5 外景/Exterior views

6 從交流空間看向自行車停車場(chǎng)/View from communication to parking area for bicycles

7 平面/Plan

8 剖面/Section

10.11 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評(píng)論

夏海山：日本具有獨(dú)特的鐵道文化，可以用“融入”理解其核心精神。相比很多交通建筑彰顯的做法，上州富岡站讓我們看到作為文化與生活載體的車站、作為街道設(shè)施的車站。車站的屬性被淡化，街道從感官上無隔閡地融入，體現(xiàn)了日本軌道交通站街一體化理念。用磚、玻璃與鋼的組合、質(zhì)樸與簡(jiǎn)素的手法營(yíng)造交通聚散空間的空寂，也是日本“空”的審美心理與空間哲學(xué)在最尋常的交通建筑中的一種呈現(xiàn)。雖然采用的磚與鋼的色彩未必讓人都欣賞，但融入與傳承的氣息是能感受到的。

市川纮司：高約7m、縱長(zhǎng)約90m的巨大平屋頂創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)面向街道的開敞的車站空間，同時(shí)還包含了驗(yàn)票閘機(jī)、停車場(chǎng)、旅游信息中心等多個(gè)功能，形成明快舒暢的布局。支撐屋頂?shù)匿摻钪浅＜?xì)，因此需要額外的結(jié)構(gòu)性支撐，而這些支撐由層疊的磚塊來覆蓋。用來隱藏支撐的磚具有物質(zhì)性的觸感，屋頂和柱子卻給人抽象平滑的印象，兩者不但沒有中和，反而試圖形成對(duì)比，這一點(diǎn)頗有意思。這座建筑的目標(biāo)可以說與追求純粹性的現(xiàn)代主義不同，是一種敢于肯定矛盾和對(duì)立的混合美學(xué)。地面和墻壁都是用磚砌成的，因此攀附在柱子上的層疊磚塊作為室內(nèi)空間的延伸，會(huì)誘發(fā)人們進(jìn)行各種行為。我去參觀這座車站的時(shí)候，當(dāng)?shù)馗咧猩谶@里興奮地說話，給我留下了很深的印象。

Comments

XIA Haishan: Japan has a unique railway culture,and its central characteristic can be described as"integration". Compared to many other transportation buildings, Joshu-Tomioka Station allows us to see the railway terminal as a harbour of culture and life rather than just a transportation facility. It is integrated into its surroundings organically. The use of simple materials such as bricks, glass and steel creates a sense of lofty simplicity for the station space, and highlights the Japanese aesthetic philosophy of minimalism and openness in a common station architecture setting.Although the colour of bricks and steel may not appeal to everyone's taste, one can still appreciate the spirit of integration and tradition.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)

Ichikawa Koji: Seven metres by height and 90 metres by length, the huge fl at roof of Joshu-Tomioka station creates an open platform. Ticket barrier, parking facilities and tourist information centre are all conveniently laid out side by side. The steel pillars supporting the roof are very thin, creating a need for additional structural support. The required structures are hidden inside layered brick columns. The bricks masking the supports feel solid and textured, while the flat roof and the steel pillars give the impression of smoothness and have an almost abstract quality. Because of this, the building does not so much evoke harmony, but rather contrast.Instead of simply subscribing to modernist purity, it embraces a more daring "hybrid" aesthetics, celebrating contradictions and oppositions. The floor and the walls are made of bricks, creating a link between the brick column and the interior space, alluring one to enter the station. During my visit to Tomioka station, I noticed high school students happily chatting on the benches in the station. This left a strong impression on me.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)

12 剖面詳圖/Detailed section

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Engineering: 小西泰孝建筑構(gòu)造設(shè)/Konishi Structural Engineers

機(jī)電工程/Mechanical and Electrical: ES Associates

承建商/Constructor: 佐藤產(chǎn)業(yè)/SatoSangyo Inc.

基地面積/Site Area: 1311.81m2

占地面積/Building Area: 757.42m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 481.48m2

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，砌體結(jié)構(gòu)/Steel structure,masonry structure

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2011.12-2012.10

施工時(shí)間/Construction Time: 2013.02-2014.03

攝影/Photos: 阿野太一/DAICI ANO

13 磚墻結(jié)構(gòu)模型/Structure model of brick wall