禇巖
[摘要] 目的 探討肺功能測(cè)定對(duì)鑒別支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺及哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 方法 隨機(jī)選取2015年1月~2017年3月我院收治的呼吸道疾病患者90例,以病癥類型將其分為三組,其中支氣管哮喘患者(n=30)為觀察A組、慢阻肺患者(n=30)為觀察B組、哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征患者(n=30)為觀察C組;對(duì)三組患者進(jìn)行肺功能測(cè)定,內(nèi)容包括彌散功能測(cè)定、肺通氣功能及肺容量測(cè)定,詳細(xì)記錄所獲相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)并作對(duì)比分析。 結(jié)果 研究結(jié)果表明,觀察A組患者的肺通氣功能指標(biāo)明顯高于觀察B、C組,觀察B組患者肺通氣功能指標(biāo)高于觀察C組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但兩組FEV1/FVC 指標(biāo)對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察A組患者肺容量功能指標(biāo)低于觀察B、C組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但觀察A、B、C三組的TLC指標(biāo)對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察A組患者DLCO、Dm預(yù)計(jì)值%及DLCO/VA明顯高于觀察B、C組,觀察C組患者DLCO、Dm預(yù)計(jì)值%及DLCO/VA高于觀察B組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 肺功能測(cè)定(肺通氣、肺容量、肺彌散功能檢測(cè))鑒別支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺及哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征的臨床價(jià)值高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺功能測(cè)定;支氣管哮喘;慢阻肺;哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征
[中圖分類號(hào)] R563.9;R562.25 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)03-0038-03
Analysis on the clinical value of pulmonary function test in the identification of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary overlap syndrome
CHU Yan
Department of Internal Medicine, Chaoyang District Shuangqiao Hospital in Beijing, Beijing 100121, China
[Abstract] Objective To study and analyze the clinical application value of pulmonary function test in the identification of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Methods From January 2015 to March 2017, 90 patients with respiratory disease who were admitted to our hospital were randomly selected according to the type of diseases and divided into three groups. Bronchial asthma patients(n=30) were assigned to observation group A, COPD patients(n=30) were assigned to observation group B, and patients with asthma COPD overlap syndrome(n=30) were assigned to observation group C. The lung function was tested for the three groups of patients, including the determination of diffusion function, pulmonary ventilation and lung capacity measurement. The required relevant data were recorded in detail and were analyzed and compared. Results The results showed that the lung ventilation function index of patients in observation group A was significantly higher than that in observation group B and C, and the lung ventilation function index in observation group B was higher than that in observation group C, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the FEV1/FVC index, without statistical significance(P>0.05). The lung volume function index in observation group A was lower than that in observation group B, C, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in TLC indexes between observation group A, B and C, there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). In observation group A, DLCO, Dm predicted value % and DLCO/VA were significantly higher than those in observation group B and C, and the DLCO, Dm predicted value % and DLCO/VA in group C were higher than those in observation group B. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary function tests (lung ventilation, lung capacity, lung diffusion function test) used to identify bronchial asthma, COPD and asthma COPD overlap syndrome have a high clinical value.
[Key words] Pulmonary function measurement; Bronchial asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome
支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺患者體內(nèi)均存在多種炎癥細(xì)胞或炎性介質(zhì),為炎癥性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,患者均伴有氣流受限癥狀,臨床上多見(jiàn)患者咳嗽、咳痰或氣喘等不良癥狀,準(zhǔn)確診斷難度較大[1]。有研究結(jié)果顯示支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺有并存情況,即哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征。三種病情多方面情況極為相似,準(zhǔn)確鑒別難度很大[2]。按照病癥類型將所選患者90例分為三組進(jìn)行研究,測(cè)定患者肺通氣功能、肺容量、彌散功能后對(duì)所獲相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)分析總結(jié),探討肺功能測(cè)定鑒別支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺及哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征的臨床價(jià)值,現(xiàn)將報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
隨機(jī)選取2015年1月~2017年3月我院收治的呼吸道疾病患者90例,按照病癥類型將其分為三組:觀察A組30例,患者男女占比為19∶11;年齡46~79歲,平均(62.18±10.42)歲。觀察B組30例,患者男女占比為17∶13;年齡43~71歲,平均(60.51±10.03)歲。觀察C組30例,患者男女占比為15∶15;年齡45~78歲,平均(61.57±10.49)歲;三組患者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
用Masterscreen PFT肺功能儀對(duì)三組患者肺通氣功能、肺容量、肺彌散功能進(jìn)行測(cè)定。肺通氣功能指標(biāo)為:VC、FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF、MMEF;肺容量功能指標(biāo)為:FRC、RV、TLC、RV/TLC;肺彌散功能指標(biāo)為:DLCO、VA、Dm,DLCO值經(jīng)Hb校正、計(jì)算DLCO/VA[3]。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)[4]
觀察三組患者VC、FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF、MMEF、FRC、RV、TLC、RV/TLC、DLCO、VA、Dm、DLCO/VA,并將所獲相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)作對(duì)比分析。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS20.0軟件對(duì)本文數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,其中計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表明差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組患者肺通氣功能測(cè)定結(jié)果比較
觀察A組患者肺通氣功能指標(biāo)高于觀察B、C組(P<0.05);觀察B組患者肺通氣功能指標(biāo)高于觀察C組(P<0.05),兩組FEV1/FVC 指標(biāo)比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 三組患者肺容量功能測(cè)定結(jié)果比較
觀察A組患者肺容量功能指標(biāo)除TLC外均低于觀察B、C組(P<0.05),三組TLC指標(biāo)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 三組患者彌散功能測(cè)定結(jié)果比較
觀察A組患者DLCO、Dm預(yù)計(jì)值%及DLCO/VA高于觀察B、C組(P<0.05),觀察C組患者DLCO、Dm預(yù)計(jì)值%及DLCO/VA高于觀察B組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
3 討論
支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺患者均呈氣流受限癥狀,均為炎癥性肺疾病,通常患者病情未得到及時(shí)有效的控制,便會(huì)累及患者身心健康。臨床上認(rèn)為支氣管哮喘為變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病之一,患者多為多變型可逆性氣流受限,慢阻肺患者氣流受限情況并不完全可逆,該情況多為患者吸煙導(dǎo)致[5]。支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺患者均可見(jiàn)咳嗽、咳痰或氣喘等異常癥狀,臨床治療時(shí)務(wù)必準(zhǔn)確鑒別患者疾病類型,避免誤診帶給患者不可挽回的損傷[6]。
肺功能測(cè)定結(jié)果可提示患者肺功能障礙類型及程度,為支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺臨床診斷金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可經(jīng)所獲結(jié)果區(qū)分這兩種疾病,并可提示患者病情嚴(yán)重程度、進(jìn)展、預(yù)后、治療效果等[7]。有研究結(jié)果顯示支氣管哮喘患者通氣障礙比慢阻肺患者弱,患者FRC、RV/TLC等指標(biāo)水平均比正常人高,而支氣管哮喘患者低于慢阻肺患者,RV、TLC指標(biāo)水平比較無(wú)差異;與此次研究結(jié)果相同[8]??商崾痉喂δ軝z測(cè)結(jié)果可鑒別支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺,臨床鑒別價(jià)值高。
肺彌散功能為某類肺泡氣經(jīng)肺泡擴(kuò)散至肺部毛細(xì)血管血液中,可與血紅蛋白互相結(jié)合,提示肺泡及肺毛細(xì)血管間可進(jìn)行氣體交換[9]。此次研究結(jié)果顯示支氣管哮喘患者未見(jiàn)彌散功能大幅度降低,慢阻肺患者檢測(cè)結(jié)果提示彌散功能降低程度大于支氣管哮喘患者[10]??梢?jiàn)支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺患者均存在彌散功能障礙的情況,亦提示慢阻肺患者彌散功能障礙比支氣管哮喘患者嚴(yán)重[11]。
支氣管哮喘患者DLCO、Dm占預(yù)計(jì)值百分比與DLCO/VA上比慢阻肺患者高,哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征患者DLCO、Dm占預(yù)計(jì)值百分比與DLCO/VA上比慢阻肺患者高[12]。支氣管哮喘患者大都是氣道重塑,對(duì)氣道平滑肌造成較大的影響,但不會(huì)對(duì)肺部毛細(xì)血管造成較大影響,經(jīng)此提示支氣管哮喘患者彌散功能無(wú)顯著變化[13]。慢阻肺患者呈肺泡壁破壞的情況,并導(dǎo)致毛細(xì)血管床數(shù)量大幅度縮減,使患者通氣血流變少,引起彌散面積縮小而導(dǎo)致彌散功能降低[14]。哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征患者多見(jiàn)肺泡壁破壞、氣道重塑等情況,但情況比慢阻肺患者較輕[15]??梢?jiàn)肺泡壁破壞程度與彌散功能密切相關(guān),而這亦是這三種疾病患者彌散功能可區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵。
綜上所述,肺功能測(cè)定(肺通氣、肺容量、肺彌散功能)檢測(cè)對(duì)鑒別支氣管哮喘、慢阻肺及哮喘慢阻肺重疊綜合征的臨床價(jià)值較高。
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(收稿日期:2017-11-13)