林倩梅
自2014年全國(guó)卷開始采用考語(yǔ)法填空以來(lái),四年10套全國(guó)卷中,涉及冠詞考點(diǎn)的共17題,平均每年每套題考查約2小題。具體情況如下表所示:
在近四年10套卷中涉及冠詞的具體考點(diǎn)有:
考點(diǎn)一:固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞。
固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞,在冠詞考點(diǎn)中所占比重最大,17題中占了5題。
1. 固定詞組中的不定冠詞。
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
解析:因as a result(結(jié)果)是固定詞組,故填a。
(2014年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.
解析:因as a result(結(jié)果)是固定詞組,故在result前加a。
2. 固定搭配中的定冠詞。
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)I help a lively three-month-old twin ...The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum——she never suspects.
解析:前句提到twins,可知是兩者;又由固定搭配one ... the other(一個(gè)……另一個(gè))可知,填the。
(2015年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)I miss my home in countryside.
解析:表示“在鄉(xiāng)村”習(xí)慣上說(shuō)in the countryside,故在countryside前加the。
2. 固定詞組中的零冠詞。
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
解析:因at first(起初,在開始時(shí))是固定詞組,故刪除first前的the。
(2013年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)In a fact, he even scared my classmates away...
解析:因in fact(事實(shí)上)是固定詞組,故刪除fact前的a。
考點(diǎn)二:不定冠詞的基本用法。
不定冠詞只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示泛指一類人或事物中的一個(gè),相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“一個(gè)(本 /支 /座 /段……)”“每一(twice a week)”“任一(A triangle has three angles)”“有一個(gè)(A Mr. Wang is waiting for you)”“(數(shù)量)一(an hour ago)”。如:
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,...
解析:句中while (=period of time)意為“(一段)時(shí)間”,表示“一段”用不定冠詞a。
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.
解析:句意是“我叔叔說(shuō)他從沒夢(mèng)想在一段短時(shí)間內(nèi)變得富有”,表示“一段”用不定冠詞a,故將in the short period of time改為in a short period of time。
(2011年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.
解析:意思是“一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假”,表示“一個(gè)”用不定冠詞a。
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.
解析:介詞as表示身份“當(dāng)”,意思是“當(dāng)模特”,泛指模特這類人物中的一個(gè),故填不定冠詞a。
考點(diǎn)三:定冠詞the的基本用法。
定冠詞可用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞前,相當(dāng)于this, these, that, those,特指前面提到過的或談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________top.
解析:特指前面提到的這條軌道(the track)的頂部,故填the。
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)When I look at this picture of myself ... Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time...
解析:特指前文中提到的“那張”照片,用the,故在picture前加the。
(2015年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Tony saw a toy in a shop window ... he quickly walked into the shop ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
解析:特指前文中指到的“那家”商店,故將outside a shop改為outside the shop。
考點(diǎn)四:定冠詞the的重要用法
1. 最高級(jí)前用the。
(2014年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)... this river is one of __________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
解析:由多音節(jié)形容詞outstanding前的most可知,這是最高級(jí),其前面應(yīng)加the。
(2015年全國(guó)II卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)are admired by even __________ most modern architects and engineers.
解析:因most modern是最高級(jí),其前面應(yīng)用the。
2. 序數(shù)詞前用the。
除在表示競(jìng)賽中獲得名次的序數(shù)詞(win first prize, come first)前常省略the外,序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí),一般應(yīng)加the。如:
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)I still remember how hard first day was.
解析:在序數(shù)詞first前應(yīng)加the,當(dāng)然此處也可加my。
3. 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名稱前用the。
在earth, moon, sun, world, sky等獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名稱前通常加the。如:
(2016年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)But in that case, we will learn little about world.
解析:表示“世界,宇宙”的world前習(xí)慣上要加the。
此外,(1)在表示演奏某種樂器時(shí),西洋樂器前要加the,如play the piano彈鋼琴。(2)姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示某某夫婦或某某一家人時(shí)要加the,如the Smiths史密斯夫婦。(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加the,如the United Nations聯(lián)合國(guó)。(4)形容詞前加the表示一類人時(shí)要加the,如the rich(=rich people)富人。
考點(diǎn)五:不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別。
在輔音前用a,如a book, a useful tool;在元音前用an,如an old man, an honest boy。如:
(2017年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
解析:hour以元音開頭,故把a(bǔ) hour改為an hour。
考點(diǎn)六:零冠詞的用法。
在表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,以及專有名詞前通常不用冠詞,這種不用冠詞的現(xiàn)象叫做零冠詞。
(2014年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
解析:句意是“在教學(xué)樓的周圍有各種各樣的花草樹木”,而“花草樹木”是泛指的,而非特指,故刪除flowers前的the。
此外,在學(xué)科名詞前、一日三餐名詞前、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前,以及bed, church, hospital, school, college, university, prison等名詞指其用途時(shí),特別是與be at, be in, go to連用時(shí),通常用零冠詞。如:Physics is difficult for me. Lets have lunch. I often play football. I go to school by bike.
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青