王琴芳
語言是用來交流的工具,情態(tài)動詞反映的是說話人在交流過程中的態(tài)度和情感。因此,正確使用情態(tài)動詞很重要。
一、考查推測的情態(tài)動詞常見有must,ought to,should,can,could,may,might等
(一)對現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)的推測(以上情態(tài)動詞+be/do)
1.Liza________well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
2.You________be hungry already—you had lunch only halfan hour ago.
3.It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it________be rather cold sometimes.
4.—How's your tour around the North Lake?Is it beautiful?
—It________be,but it is now heavily polluted.
5.—I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
—It________Harry's.He always wears green.
6.—Look,it________be Mr.Zhang.
—No,It________be him.He has gone to Wuhan.
7.Mr.Brush is on time for everything.How________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
〖點撥〗從表示推測的語氣強弱程度而言:
1.must語氣最強,表示“一定,肯定,準是”,只用于肯定句;
2.ought to/should語氣次之,譯為“應該會,很可能會”,指按常理推測,如:He has learnt to play the piano for three years.He should play the piece of music very well.
3.may,might,could這三個詞語氣較弱,譯為“也許,可能”,句中常有or...or,I'm not sure等信息提示,常用于肯定句或否定句如:He may be asleep or may have gone out,I am not sure.
4.can表示推測常用于否定句和疑問句,表示“不可能”,有時也用于肯定句,表示客觀上有某種可能,如:Anyone can make mistakes.
(二)對過去動作或狀態(tài)的推測(must/may/can/could/might+have done)
1.She________have left school,for her bike is still here.
2.—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You________have lost it while shopping.
3.—She looks very happy.She________have passed the exam.
—I guess so.It is not too difficult after all.
4.—Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You________it in the wrong place.
〖點撥〗1.“should(not)/ought(not)+have done”不表示對過去的推測,而表示虛擬語氣,即“過去本應該做某事卻沒做或過去本不應該做某事卻做了”,有一種責備的口氣。
2.“might(not)/could(not)have done”有兩層含義:第一、表示對過去的推測,相當于may/can have done;第二、表示虛擬語氣,即“過去本可以做某事卻沒做或本不可以做某事卻做了,
例如:①—I'm sorry.I________at you the other day.
—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.
A.shouldn't shout B.shouldn't have shouted
C.mustn't shout D.mustn't have shouted
②—I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.ought to have told
③Thank you for your hard work last week.I don't think we________it without you.
A.can manage B.could have managed
C.could manage D.can have managed
二、情態(tài)動詞的其他用法
(一)can,could,may和might的其他用法以及be able toendprint
1.You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book.You________find the book by the title.
2.A computer________think for itself;it must be told what to do.
3.—Could I call you by the first name?
—Yes,you________.
4.The fire spread quickly.Fortunately,everyone in the fire________escape from it.
5.—May I smoke here?
—If you________,choose a seat in the smoking section.
[點撥]1.can,could,may,might還可以表示“請求,許可”,could和might在疑問句中表示更加委婉的語氣,對于can,could,may,might疑問句的肯定答復用can/may,或if you must,否定答復用mustn't,can't,may not或Sorry,you'd better not,但不能用could(not),might(not)回答。
2.can表示能力,譯為“會,能”,could是過去式。be able to表示有能力并成功地完成,而且可構成多種時態(tài),如:After finishing his courses,he will be able to speak French well.I'm sorry I haven't been able to answer your letter.
(二)must和have to
1.—Must he come to sign this paper himself?
—Yes,he________.
2.Jack,look at the clock,________you play at such later hour?
3.Some aspects of a pilot's job________be boring,and pilots often________work at inconvenient hours.
[點撥]must表示必要性,譯為“必須,一定”,否定句mustn't表示絕對禁止。have to表示“必須做,不得不做”,著重于客觀需要,而must表示主觀需要。另外,have to還可用于多種時態(tài)。
(三)will,would,shall,should,ought to,had better
1.John promised his doctor he________not smoke,and he has never smoked ever since.
2.—Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Don't you forget it?
—OK,I________.
3.—What does the sign over there read?
—No person________smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.
4.—The room is so dirty.________we clean it?
—Of course.
5.—Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You________have my computer if you don't take care of it.
6.According to the air traffic rules,you________switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
7.It's freezing outside.You________put on your overcoat.
[點撥]1.will表示請求或建議,常和第二人稱連用,would更委婉。will和would還可以表示說話人的意愿和決心,常和第一及第三人稱連用,would表示過去。will和would表示習慣性動作或某種傾向,would為過去時態(tài),常譯成“總是”。如:Fish will die without water.My grandpa would talk to us for hours if you give him the chance.
2.shall用于第一人稱或第三人稱的疑問句,表示征詢對方意見。shall用于第二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的許諾、命令、警告、威脅。shall用于第三人稱的條約、規(guī)章、法令等文件中,表示義務,意為“應該”。
3.should和ought to表示義務,意為“應該”,ought to比should語氣更強烈。
4.had better(not)do表示“最好做/不做”,經常用于提出建議。
(四)need和dare
1.Ineedn't telephone him,for I will visit him soon.
2.—Need I go there now?
—No.You needn't./—Yes.You must
3.The desk needs to be repaired.
4.Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?
5.He is a brave boy and dares to catch a snake.
6.Do you dare(to)swim in the river?
[點撥]1.need表示“需要”,作為情態(tài)動詞只用于否定句或疑問句。對于need疑問句的肯定答復和否定答復和must一樣,肯定答復用must,否定答復用needn't或don't have to。need作為實義動詞,表示需要,可用于任何句型中,后面可以接名詞、代詞、不定式或動名詞。
2.“needn't have done”表示“本不需要做某事卻做了”,是一種虛擬語氣的表達。
3.dare表示“敢”,作為情態(tài)動詞,通常用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中;作為實義動詞,在肯定句中要接to,在否定句或疑問句中可省略to。endprint