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        人工智能對工業(yè)4.0關(guān)鍵技術(shù)引領(lǐng)探討

        2018-02-22 03:38:12
        關(guān)鍵詞:人工智能

        陳 巍

        (珠峰財產(chǎn)保險股份有限公司, 北京 100055)

        1 研究背景

        2017年國務(wù)院發(fā)布《新一代人工智能發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,人工智能作為引領(lǐng)未來的戰(zhàn)略技術(shù),成為國際競爭的新焦點、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的新引擎。工業(yè)4.0本質(zhì)上是將傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)要素彼此連接構(gòu)成巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò),并通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將虛擬世界和現(xiàn)實世界實現(xiàn)更高層次的自動化控制,因此各學科實現(xiàn)人、機器和虛擬世界底層互連是工業(yè)4.0的要素之一。工業(yè)4.0戰(zhàn)略的核心是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和信息技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的互動平臺上,實現(xiàn)數(shù)字技術(shù)[1-3]、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)[4-5]、智能材料等眾多先進技術(shù)的融合,也包括生物產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)和制造[6],大規(guī)模并行科學計算[7],和觀測網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)實時監(jiān)控與共享[8]。

        人工智能是控制論、信息論、結(jié)構(gòu)生物9等學科相互滲透的綜合性學科。在大數(shù)據(jù)進入各領(lǐng)域的今天,人工智能對科學問題基于底層技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建,才能真正實現(xiàn)工業(yè)4.0的數(shù)據(jù)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化。有了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中基于底層設(shè)備的風險控制研究以及密鑰保護[10],才能保證自動駕駛和航行構(gòu)成涵蓋海陸空的空中立體交通系統(tǒng)[11-14]。工業(yè)4.0是新技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上的工業(yè)化加信息化,正是因為系統(tǒng)中嵌入的新技術(shù),比如移動設(shè)備自適應(yīng)動態(tài)補丁[15],寬帶和設(shè)備的健壯性網(wǎng)絡(luò),虛擬現(xiàn)實和人機接口等智能方面,才能實現(xiàn)精益生產(chǎn),使信息物理系統(tǒng)這個基石真正堅固,建立一個基于工業(yè)4.0的體現(xiàn)個性化和數(shù)字化的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)生產(chǎn)模式。

        2 工業(yè)4.0的關(guān)鍵新技術(shù)

        1)智能探月采樣鉆頭:月球環(huán)境的特殊性[16-17]增加了鉆取采樣任務(wù)的難度[18],采樣鉆頭對樣心的影響程度、破碎月壤所需的功耗等參數(shù)以及螺旋鉆桿與月壤顆粒相互摩擦所產(chǎn)生的輸土功耗曲線[19-21]均可以利用計算機得到。

        2)安全系統(tǒng):在數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模、設(shè)備種類總量、攻擊方法[22]均爆發(fā)的時代,動態(tài)、細粒度的隨機化方案[23]可以降低攻擊[24]成功率,虛擬化硬件能很好地解決防御上的缺陷[25-26]。

        3)陸面過程模式:基于通用陸面過程模式CLM 4.5構(gòu)建了超高分辨率的陸面河岸生態(tài)水文模式[27-28]。高分辨率流域生態(tài)水文模式和人類地下取水用水的陸面模式在全球尺度上被構(gòu)建[29-32]并且分辨率在不斷增加。

        4)材料設(shè)計:機器學習用于探索鉑金屬在石墨和其他金屬存在下的抗毒性、穩(wěn)定性[33-36],精確預(yù)測全混式反應(yīng)器以及鼓泡塔中細菌在不同反應(yīng)階段的濃度[37-41]。計算機模擬跌落和沖擊環(huán)境可提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計成熟度[42-43]。

        5)結(jié)構(gòu)生物和藥物設(shè)計:計算機輔助X射線晶體學發(fā)明了以DNA聚合酶β為Host,目標DNA為Guest的新一代快速結(jié)晶系統(tǒng)[44]。此系統(tǒng)直接查看藥物DNA高分辨率相互作用,目前已開發(fā)出有效殺傷乳腺癌和胰腺癌的新藥[45]。

        6)計算機輔助藥物設(shè)計:拓撲衍生功能基團對已知藥物高通量基團篩并查進行抗癌藥物研發(fā)[46-50]。以蛋白藥物共結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)的模擬篩查重建甾體類抗癌藥物與蛋白的作用[51]。

        7)其他新技術(shù):除其在視覺處理[52]和安全方面[53]的廣泛應(yīng)用,人工智能在大計算量的流體力學和災(zāi)害模型中也有廣泛應(yīng)用:比如海波極值算法[54-55]和各種隱患消除的新技術(shù)等[56-59]。

        3 結(jié)語

        工業(yè)4.0發(fā)展過程中產(chǎn)生海量的數(shù)據(jù),在工業(yè)人工智能領(lǐng)域,生產(chǎn)制造個性化、定制化將成為常態(tài),為此互連互通和跨界,將制造業(yè)向智能化轉(zhuǎn)型,實現(xiàn)橫向、縱向的全價值鏈集成是必然趨勢。

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