Unit 3

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. burst （burst， burst）

1） n. 爆炸;爆破;爆裂： a burst in a waterpipe 水管的破裂

a burst of anger， enthusiasm， etc 怒火﹑熱情等的迸發(fā)

a burst of applause 一陣歡呼

2） vi. & vt.（使某物）爆炸;脹破;爆破

If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst. 那氣球再吹就要破了。

（fig 比喻） Ive eaten so much that / and I feel ready to burst！ 我吃得太多，肚子都要撐破了！

[拓展]

burst in / enter （a room， etc） 突然進(jìn)入（房間等）

The police burst in （through the door） and arrested the gang.

警察突然闖進(jìn)（房門）逮捕了那幫人。

burst into sth. 突然而猛烈地發(fā)出或產(chǎn)生出某事物

The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飛機(jī)墜毀起火。

burst into tears， song， angry speech 突然哭、唱、吵起來

burst on / upon sb. / sth. 突然而意外地出現(xiàn)在某人/某物面前：

The truth burst upon him. 他突然了解了真相。

A major new talent has burst on the literary scene. 有個(gè)惹人矚目的新秀突然出現(xiàn)于文壇。

burst out

（a） 突然激動(dòng)地說;叫嚷

“I hate you！” she burst out. “我討厭你！” 她叫嚷道。

（b） 突然開始（做某事）： burst out crying / laughing / singing 突然哭起來（笑起來/唱起來）

2. additional adj. 另外的，附加的，額外的

We needed additional money for our trip. 我們出去旅行需要更多的錢。

[拓展]

addition n. in addition （to sb. / sth.） 加之;除……之外

In addition （to the names on the list） there are six other applicants.

除此（名單上的名字）之外，還有六個(gè)申請(qǐng)人。

3. appetite n. [C] 欲望（尤指對(duì)食物或享樂）;食欲;胃口

When I was ill I completely lost my appetite. 我生病時(shí)完全沒有食欲。

（fig 比喻） He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫無斗志。

[拓展] （對(duì)某事物的）自然的欲望：

The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了長路使我食欲大振。

He has an amazing appetite for hard work. 他出奇地喜愛艱巨的工作。

4. slide

n. 降低，衰退;滑動(dòng)

v. 降低，衰退;（使）滑動(dòng)，滑行

[拓展] slide 的過去式 slid;過去分詞 slid

slide into 逐漸陷入（惡習(xí)）;衰落成

The children are sliding on the ice.

孩子們?cè)诒匣小?/p>

Take heroin for example， users may slide into addiction.

以海洛因?yàn)槔?，吸食者可能?huì)上癮。

5. messy adj. 散亂的;污穢的;麻煩的

[拓展]

mess n. 混亂;骯臟

be in a mess 雜亂無章

make a mess of 把……搞得一塌糊涂

The manager left our company in a mess. 經(jīng)理讓公司非常混亂。

You have made a mess of the job. 你把這件事辦得一塌糊涂。

6. bid n. 出價(jià);投標(biāo)，招標(biāo);努力，企圖 v. 叫牌

Several companies will bid for the contract.

數(shù)家公司要投標(biāo)爭取合約。

[拓展] in a bid to do sth. 為了做某事

The company cut prices just before the holiday in a bid to support sales.

為了提高銷量，這家公司在節(jié)假日前就降低了價(jià)格。

二、重點(diǎn)詞組

1. to conclude （常用作插入語）最后，總之

原句：To conclude， Aids education is the best way to protect ourselves from this terrible disease.

總之，艾滋病教育是我們保護(hù)自己免遭這種可怕疾病危害的最好方式。

[拓展] conclude sth. with sth. / by doing sth. 以……結(jié)束

conclude that... 推斷出，斷定

draw / reach / arrive at / come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論

in conclusion 最后

They drew different conclusions from the facts. 他們從這些事實(shí)中得出了不同的結(jié)論。

2. reaction to 對(duì)……的反應(yīng)

Can I ask for your reaction to this policy？ 我能問一下您對(duì)這個(gè)政策的反應(yīng)嗎？

[拓展]

react to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)/回應(yīng)

react with 對(duì)……起化學(xué)反應(yīng)

react on / upon 影響;起作用

Does he react to the sounds around him？ 他對(duì)周圍的聲音有反應(yīng)嗎？

3. wipe away 消除，去除，擦凈，抹掉

The rain wiped away all footprints. 雨水把所有的足跡都沖掉了。

[拓展] wipe out 消除，去除

wipe up 用布擦凈;擦干

Most diseases could be wiped out. 大多數(shù)疾病是可以被消滅的。

He wiped up the split milk on the wooden floor. 他擦掉了潑在木板上的牛奶。

4. end in 以……告終

The meeting ended in disorder. 會(huì)議在一片混亂中結(jié)束。

[拓展]

end up doing sth. 結(jié)果……，最終……

end up with sth. 以……告終

We were going to a concert， but ended up watching videos at home.

我們?cè)?jì)劃去聽音樂會(huì)，但結(jié)果卻在家看錄像。

She ended up her speech with a short poem.

她朗誦了一首短詩以結(jié)束她的演講。

Unit 4

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. suspect

1） n. 嫌疑犯;可疑對(duì)象

He is a prime suspect in this murder case. 他是這起謀殺案的主要嫌疑人。

2） v. 懷疑

suspect sb. （of sth. / of doing sth.） 懷疑（某人有罪）

He resigned after being suspected of theft. 他被懷疑有偷竊行為，隨后就辭職了。

3） adj. 可疑的，不可信的

Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.

一些他們提供的證據(jù)非?？梢?。

2. force

1） n. 武力，暴力

The villagers were taken away by force. 村民們被強(qiáng)行帶走。

2） n. 力，力量

The shopping center took the full force of explosion. 購物中心承受了全部的爆炸力。

3） n. 權(quán)力，效力

These guidelines do not have the force of law. 這些指導(dǎo)條例不具有法律效應(yīng)。

[拓展] energy，power，strength和force均可表示“力”。

energy意為“能量”，尤指人在做某事并為完成該事所表現(xiàn)出的生機(jī)勃勃的力，多用作不可數(shù)名詞。

power意為“能力”，詞義豐富，可指內(nèi)在的或外加的力、潛在的或活動(dòng)的力、具體的或抽象的力、身體的或精神的力等。

strength意為“體力”，常指人體或物體內(nèi)存在的力，如氣力、耐力、抵抗力，有時(shí)也可指進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的推動(dòng)力，是不可數(shù)名詞。

3. considerate adj. 考慮周到的、體諒的、體貼的

She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.

她對(duì)待雇員總是客客氣氣，關(guān)心體諒。

consider v. 仔細(xì)考慮，細(xì)想

Have you ever considered my suggestion？

你有沒有考慮過我的建議？

consider sb. / sth. （as sth.） 認(rèn)為，以為，覺得

These workers are considered （as） a highrisk group. 這些工人被視為屬高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群。

Who do you consider （to be） responsible for the accident？ 你認(rèn)為誰對(duì)這個(gè)事故負(fù)有責(zé)任？

[拓展] take... into consideration 把……考慮在內(nèi)

The plan doesnt take people working on night shifts into consideration.

這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃沒有考慮上夜班的人。

4. compensate

1） vi. 補(bǔ)償;彌補(bǔ) compensate （for sth.）

Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.失去心愛的人是無法補(bǔ)償?shù)摹?/p>

2） vt. 給（某人）賠償（或賠款）compensate sb. （for sth.）

Her lawyer said she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused.

她的律師說她應(yīng)該為所遭受的痛苦得到賠償。

5. charge ?n. 費(fèi)用;控制、負(fù)責(zé);指控;電荷、充電

free of charge 免費(fèi)

in charge （of sth.） 負(fù)責(zé)

Gas charges will rise in July. 汽油收費(fèi)在七月份會(huì)上漲。

Guided tours are provided at no charge. 提供免費(fèi)帶導(dǎo)游的旅行。

He asked to speak to the person in charge. 他要求與負(fù)責(zé)的人說話。

Stern put Tim in charge of （=gave him control of） the research team.

Stern讓Tim負(fù)責(zé)研究小組。

Leave the battery on charge all night.

讓電池充一夜的電。

6. involve vt. 包含;（使）參加;牽涉，涉及

What does the job of editing involve？ 編輯工作包含些什么？

Dont involve me in your quarrel. 不要把我卷入你們的爭吵。

[拓展] involve sb. in（doing） sth. 把某人牽涉到某事里

be / get involved in... 和……有牽連;參與……中

Im afraid your sons been involved in an accident.

恐怕你的兒子牽涉進(jìn)了一起事故中。

More than 30 software firms were involved in the project.

三十多家軟件公司參與了這項(xiàng)工程。

He is now involved in stocks. 他現(xiàn)在熱衷于股票。

二、重點(diǎn)詞組

1. relate to

All these questions relate to philosophy. 所有這些問題都跟哲學(xué)有關(guān)。

[拓展]

relate sth. to / with sth. 把……與……聯(lián)系起來

be related to 和……有聯(lián)系，和……有關(guān)

with / in relation to 有關(guān);涉及

I cant relate what he does to / with what he says.

我沒法把他做的和說的聯(lián)系起來。

What did the boss say is in relation to what happened yesterday？

關(guān)于昨天發(fā)生的事情，老板怎么說？

2. get into a bad habit 染上壞習(xí)慣

[拓展]

be in the habit of 有……的習(xí)慣

form / fall into a habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣

get rid of / break off the habit of 改掉……的習(xí)慣

out of habit 出于習(xí)慣

I am in the habit of having something to eat at night.

我有吃夜宵的習(xí)慣。

We woke up very early in the morning on Sunday out of habit.

出于習(xí)慣，周日的早晨我們醒得很早。

3. put into effect

[點(diǎn)撥] put into effect是生效，實(shí)施

effect在這是名詞，意為“效果”。

It will be difficult for us to put the plan into effect.

對(duì)于我們來說，實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃將是困難的。

[拓展]

come into effect 生效，實(shí)施

have an effect on / upon 對(duì)……有影響

take effect 見效，生效

in effect 有效，實(shí)際上

The film had quite an effect on her. 這部電影對(duì)她的影響極大。

The new system will soon come into effect. 新系統(tǒng)即將開始使用。

4. be faced with 面臨，面對(duì)

We are faced with many chances and challenges.

我們正面臨著許多機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。

[拓展] face vt. 面對(duì)

face up to 敢于正視……

face to face 面對(duì)面地

Facing so many difficulties， he doesnt know what to do.

面對(duì)這么多的困難，他不知道該怎么辦。

Lets discuss the problem face to face.

[即學(xué)即練]

with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time.

A. FacedB. Face

C. FacingD. To face

[解析] 答案選A。此處考查be faced with 面臨，面對(duì)。若此處沒有介詞with，則C為正確選項(xiàng)。

5. break into 破門而入，強(qiáng)行闖入

Because of the guards carelessness， the palace was broken into last night.

由于保安的玩忽職守，昨天晚上有人闖入了宮殿。

[拓展]

break down 瓦解，崩潰

break up 分成小塊;拆開;分解

break in 打斷;插嘴

break off 突然停止;暫停

break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生

break away from 從……分離出去

break through 突破，（在科學(xué)研究上）有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)

The bridge broke down in the last earthquake.

那座橋在上次地震中塌陷了。

Let us learn how to break away from everyday stress and relax.

讓我們學(xué)會(huì)擺脫每天的壓力，放松放松。

6. refer to sb. / sth.

1） 提到

Dont refer to this matter again， please. 請(qǐng)不要再提及這件事了。

2） 與某人/某事物有關(guān)

3） What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要說的事和你們大家都有關(guān)。

4） 參考，向……咨詢r(jià)efer to a dictionary / an expert查詞典/詢問專家

I referred to my watch for the exact time. 我看了一下手表好知道準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。

5） refer A to B將A送交B

They are planning to refer the issue to the head office. 他們正計(jì)劃把這個(gè)問題向總部提交。

（作者：嚴(yán)慧，泰州市第三高級(jí)中學(xué)）