何麗琴

引導(dǎo)詞what是名詞性從句學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，正確使用what成為學(xué)習(xí)這類從句的一大難點(diǎn)。近年來高考多次對(duì)what在名詞性從句中的用法進(jìn)行考查，下面對(duì)what的一些用法作一簡析。

一、What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

1.What is most important in life isnt money. （What 引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作主語）

2.Will you show me what you bought？（What 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語）

3.She is no longer what she was five years ago. （What 引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作表語）

4.I dont know what machines they are making. （What 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作定語）

What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，what用作連接代詞，可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句，且在上述從句中充當(dāng)主語或表語或定語或賓語，含義為“什么；……的（人、事、物）”。

二、What與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)分

分析下列從句中的what與 that：

1.What on earth she is is still a mystery.

2.That you are coming to London is the best news.

3.He could understand what I said.

4.I heard that he had joined the army.

5.Our plan is that we will go there once a week.

6.Can you show me what books you like？

▲小結(jié)：that 連接詞，在從句中僅其連接作用，不做任何成分，無詞義。

what 連接代詞，在從句中不僅起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語或賓語，有詞義。

【及時(shí)練習(xí)】

1._____the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to the world .

2___we are doing now has never been done before.

3.____you dont like to go to school is none of my business.

4.Mary has changed greatly. She is no longer _____she used to be.

Keys：1.That 2.What 3.That 4.what.

三、What與whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別

eg：1.What he is doing now is right.

2.Whatever he does is right.

從上面例句中可看出What表特指，whatever表泛指。

【及時(shí)練習(xí)】

1._____makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services.（06）

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

2.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

Key：1.What 2.whatever

【小結(jié)】：what 確指某一具體的事或物，而whatever指任何事或物，并非確指具體的。

四、What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與that引導(dǎo)定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

★（1）He did what he could to save the drowning girl in the water.

He did all/everything/anything that he could to save the drowning girl in the water.

★（2）The town is no longer what it was ten years ago.

The town is no longer __the one_that was ten years ago.

小結(jié)：what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句，既：名詞/the one /all/something + that 從句，從而使what 的意義更具體化。

【考題連接】

1.The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.

2.A modern city has been set up in ____was a wasteland ten years ago. （04）

3. ① China is no longer ______she used to be.

② China is no longer the country ______she used to be.

4. ①______we know，an earthquake hit that area.

②It is known to us ______ an earth quake hit that area.

③______is known to us all is ____ an earthquake hit that area.

keys：1.what 2. what 3.①what，②that4.①_As，②that ③_what，that

五、名詞性從句中的what與which

eg：What is your favorite color？

Which do you like best，red，yellow or blue？

從上面例句中我們可以看出what 所給的范圍比較的含糊，而which所給的范圍比較確定。

【及時(shí)訓(xùn)練】

1.The books on your bookshelf are all wonderful，so I really dont know _____ is the most interesting one.

2.There are so many books on sale that I dont know ____ I should buy.

3. Can you point out _____two radios are the best.

Keys：1.what 2.which3.which

小結(jié)：在選擇what或which時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)在句中查找有無暗示范圍的信息，若有用which；若沒有用what。