（1）The Difficulties of the Logic of Confirmation and the Principles of their Solution

Dun Xinguo

Inductive logic’s research paradigm has shifted from scientific discovery to scientific confirmation during its modernization.We see that inductive confirmation is the logical research on rational belief in essence by examining the shift.All the main theories about the logic of confirmation have been facing their own difficulties.To overcome those difficulties,we should methodologically retrospect the research on logic of confirmation so as to formulate some rational principles that we should keep when constructing confirmation theories.Those principles include rethinking confirmation from a view of action,refusing methodological deductionalism,emphasizing sameness of aboutness between evidence and hypothesis,keeping necessary tension between the truth and the explanation power of the tested hypothesis,focusing on the epistemological and logical nature of evidence.

（2） On the Current Demands of the Idea of Community with a Shared Future for Humanity——From the View of Philosophical Logic

Wu Xinmin

Cognition is the way people see the world.If the “people” here are in different cultural circles and value chains,then “people” will have different degrees of cognition about the same object,and even have contradictory cognition to the same thing.In a broad sense,the possible world of modal logic means that “any world that can be assumed without contradiction is the possible world”.The possibility here has a logical and metaphysical possibility.“l(fā)ogical possibility”means that the occurrence of situations will not lead to logical contradictions and will not violate the logical law,while“metaphysical possibility” means that the occurrence of situations are not contradictory or not inconsistent to existence and nature of related things.The vision of human destiny community is both transcendental ideal and experiential community of interests.The realization of this vision lies in resolving cognitive contradictions and establishing a common sense of human value through cultural interaction.The wisdom of the possible world theory lies in that the language of possible world is not re-alism,it is a pronoun of correctness and rationality.From the view of the possible world realized in the real world,the ideal of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature and the construction of a harmonious society by human beings,the starting point lies in the fact that the cognitive contradictions of people can be resolved and form a mutual value consensus.Thus,the possible world envisioned by people has realistic possibility.

（3）Significance of China’s Economic Growth to the World since Reform and Opening-up

Cheng Chengping Zhan Yuyu

Since the reform and opening-up,China’s economy has achieved a great success,which shows China’s wisdom and strength.China’s economic growth not only has promoted world economic growth,but also reduced the world’s poor and maintained the world economic order.Although China’s economic achievements not only have absorbed various economic theories,but also have learned from experiences and lessons of various countries,the main reason of which are pursuit of independent socialist road with Chinese characteristics,the implementation of socialist market economic system and the persistence of problem-oriented,demand-oriented,and effect-oriented economic practice experience accumulation.Practice is the source of theory.Extracting the experience rooted in China’s economic practice to a general economic theory will enrich and develop the world economic theory.Therefore,China’s economic growth since the reform and opening up has important global significance.

（4）Concept and Method:Reform and Opening-up With Literature Theory Teaching

Cheng Zhengmin

The first change brought by reform and opening-up to the literary theory and literary theory teaching is the change of literary concept.The renewal of literary theory is the life of literary theory and literary theory teaching.Facing the current new literary reality,the literary concept should be changed correspondingly.The aesthetic-centered concept should be interpreted in a new way.Another change in literary theory teaching is moving from instilling teaching to conversational teaching gradually,which emphasizes not only on guiding students to have a dialogue with classical texts of literary theories and literature,but also cultivating students’innovative thinking and independent working ability.A prominent problem at present is how to deal with the relationship between theory and text.Both theory-centered concept and text-centered concept are one-sided.

（5）From Native Custom to Maritime Custom:The Change of Trade Position of Jiujiang in Yangtze River Basin

Chen Xiaoming

From native custom to maritime custom,Jiujiang had experienced the wave of domestic commercialization caused by carrying trade in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the international commercialization due to the exchange between China and foreign countries in the late Qing Dynasty.During the period of Native Custom,the commodity circulation of the whole country changed from the northsouth vertical trade route with the canal as the central axis in the Ming Dynasty to the east-west horizontal route of the Yangtze river basin in the early Qing Dynasty.Jiujiang was located at the junction of these two commercial roads,where the government had set up native custom and began to collect taxes,and its trade position had been rising,then it had gradually become the center of the goods circulation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.During the period of maritime custom,with the opening of five-ports and the gradual opening of the Yangtze River Basin,the national trade pattern changed fundamentally.In the Yangtze river basin,new trade center cities like Shanghai and Hankou’s rise made Jiujiang’s position change gradually from the traditional center of goods adjustment to the edge of modern trade,and the proportion of its revenue collection and trade volume in the national trade ports declined and began its marginalization process.This position shift posed a profound impact on the development of Jiujiang’s urban society.

（6）Reform of Administrative Reconsideration Commission System:Origins,Challenges and Prospects

Zhang Chunli

Administrative reconsideration commission system is not only an important part of China’s administrative reconsideration system,but also an important issue of China’s administrative procedure law amendment.Taking administrative reconsideration commission system reform practice as the basis and concluding successes and failures of experimental works are important to adhering the reform direction and enriching the contents of administrative reconsideration commission system.The administrative reconsideration commission should not only be considered as an organ to process administrative reconsideration,but also be confirmed as administrative reconsideration subject by law.On this foundation,it is necessary to set up due process of administrative reconsideration commission,such as open trial system including the hearing system,challenge system and strengthening the justification of administrative reconsideration decision.