Brian Cooney
⊙翻譯:丁一 譯
簡單的黑白線條,簡單的幾何圖案,一切似乎再簡單不過了,但簡單依舊體現(xiàn)大美,簡單里藏著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵——這就是南非的恩德貝勒房子引人深思之處。哪天你有機會去南非旅游,別忘了去看看這處與眾不同的建筑哦。
KwaNdebele, South Africa, a hundred miles north of Johannesburg. This small town is home to the Ndebele community, where 78-year-old artist, Esther Mahlangu, has lived her entire life. Esther is a world-1)renowned artist who painted this whole2)complex by hand. And although it was only built 30 years ago, Esther wanted it to be made using classic Ndebele techniques.
Esther: (via translator) I searched hard for people who could still build in the traditional style. I drew the plans myself, and then they
Brian Cooney⊙翻譯:丁一 譯built it exactly the way I wanted it.
The home has been built using earth bricks, each one made by the local community in a fashion they’ve used here since the 18th century. But the most3)striking features are the colored geometric shapes set against black and white lines that decorate the entire home. These patterns contain secret4)codes known only to the Ndebele community.
Esther: This is a classic Ndebele design, and everyone here knows how the Ndebele paint their homes, so no one will be confused whether it belongs to any other people because of the paint and the design.
1) renowned [r??na?nd] adj. 著名的,有聲望的
2) complex [?k?mpleks] n. 建筑群
3) striking [?stra?k??] adj. 顯著的,引人注目的
4) code [k??d] n. 代碼
5) mash [m??] v. 搗碎成糊狀
6) dung [d??] n. (牛馬等的)糞便
然而,也有其他的影像學(xué)以及臨床研究得出不一定的結(jié)論。在Kim等[17]的研究中共納入了523名急性腦卒中患者,研究進(jìn)行了糖尿病相關(guān)指標(biāo)的檢測以及顱腦MRI檢查,研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)糖尿病明顯增加顱內(nèi)小血管病變的危險性,僅增加了大血管病變的發(fā)生率,研究推測糖尿病與LA可能沒有直接的相關(guān)性。Weinger等[18]應(yīng)用顱腦 MRI評價腦白質(zhì)的病變程度,研究結(jié)果未能提示1型糖尿病患者與LA的發(fā)生有明確相關(guān)性的證據(jù),推測1型糖尿病患者與T2DM患者在參與LA形成的病理生理機制上可能有所不同。
7) comprise [k?m?pra?z] v. 包括,構(gòu)成
8) thatch [θ?t?] v. 用茅草覆蓋屋頂
9) square [skwe?(r)] adj. 正方形的
As is local custom, it’s the women who do the painting, and Esther painted her home herself. And the traditional way of painting here requires some unconventional methods.
Esther: We use soil, which we5)mash and then mix with water and cow6)dung. And once it’s ready, we use chicken feather to paint with.
The home7)comprises seven separate structures, five of which feature traditional woven-grass8)thatched roofs, and each structure serves a separate function. There are two guest houses. One is9)square. The other is a traditional round hut.
Next door to the kitchen is Esther’s gallery, where she proudly displays her life’s works. Her talent has brought Esther worldwide recognition as an artist and she spent many years traveling the world with her designs, promoting the Ndebele culture.
Esther: I really love my culture. We don’t want our culture to die, so I work hard to
◆ Ndebele 恩德貝勒人:南非祖魯王國的一個支族,以勇敢善戰(zhàn)著稱,被稱為“手持長矛的人”。他們主要從事畜牧業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè),其社會仍保存部落形態(tài),由酋長和頭人進(jìn)行管理。每個部落由許多一夫多妻制的大家族組成,財產(chǎn)的多少按擁有牲畜的頭數(shù)計算。恩德貝勒人使用恩德貝勒語,多信萬物有靈,少數(shù)信奉基督教。keep it alive. It’s in my heart and in my blood.
It is a time-honored custom here that when a young woman gets married, she paints her first home by hand. So now,Esther sees her unique skills are passed on to the younger generations of Ndebele women.
Esther: If you don’t teach the children about their culture, they will never understand where they come from or where they’re going. They’ll be lost if they don’t understand what makes them Ndebele, and that’s why I teach children to paint, so they can really know and understand our culture.
And Esther continues to be an inspiration.
見招拆招
So now, Esther sees her unique skills are passed on to the younger generations of Ndebele women.
See是英語動詞中義項較多的一個。除了我們熟悉的“看,看見,明白,觀賞(電影等),查看”等意思外,還有許多其他用法。這個句子中的see就是其中之一。See在這里是“確保,注意”的意思,指特別關(guān)注某事,力求讓事情順利進(jìn)行,取得成功,如:I’ll
see that order is
kept.(我會確保秩序良好。)
參考譯文
南非的夸恩德貝勒位于約翰內(nèi)斯堡以北一百英里(約161公里)處。這個小鎮(zhèn)是恩德貝勒族人的家園,78歲的藝術(shù)家埃絲特·馬尚古在此生活了一輩子。埃絲特是世界知名的藝術(shù)家,這個樓群的全部粉刷工作都由她一手包辦。盡管建筑只有30年歷史,當(dāng)時她希望用恩德貝勒的經(jīng)典技法去建造。
埃絲特:(通過翻譯)我苦苦尋找仍懂得傳統(tǒng)建筑方法的人,親自繪畫藍(lán)圖,然后由他們照圖建造。
房子的材料采用泥磚,全部交由本地人按照18世紀(jì)以來一直沿用的技法制成,但這個建筑群最引人注目之處是黑白線條間的多彩幾何圖案。這些圖案藏著只有自己人才能讀懂的暗碼。
埃絲特:這是經(jīng)典的恩德貝勒設(shè)計,這里的人都知道恩德貝勒人是如何粉刷家居的,所以不會弄錯屋主人的身份,因為所用的涂料和設(shè)計各有不同。
當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣由婦女來粉刷房屋,所以埃絲特也是自己來粉刷這個家。按照恩德貝勒的傳統(tǒng),埃絲特要用不同尋常的粉刷方法。
埃絲特:我們把搗碎后的泥土與水和牛糞混和一起,準(zhǔn)備就緒,就用雞毛去粉刷。
這個家由七座獨立房舍組成,其中五座用編織的草覆蓋屋頂,體現(xiàn)其傳統(tǒng)特色,每座房舍功能各不相同;另外兩座用來招待客人,一座呈正方形,另一座是傳統(tǒng)的圓屋。
廚房的隔壁是埃絲特的畫廊,她在此驕傲地展示著她一生的作品。她的才華使她成為舉世知名的藝術(shù)家,她曾帶著設(shè)計作品環(huán)游世界多年,努力宣揚恩德貝勒文化。
埃絲特:我深愛本族的文化,我們不想自己的文化走向消亡,所以我很努力去維護(hù)它。它活在我的內(nèi)心,我的血液里。
這里有個古老的習(xí)俗,年輕女性在婚后要親手粉刷第一個家,所以現(xiàn)在埃絲特致力于把獨特的技巧傳授給新一代恩德貝勒婦女。埃絲特:如果不向兒童傳授文化,他們永遠(yuǎn)無法理解自己來自何方,又將去往何處。如果他們不懂自己的傳統(tǒng),就會迷失方向,所以我要向下一代傳授粉刷技巧,讓他們真正了解我們的文化。
在這方面,埃絲特一直是其他人的榜樣。