吳夢(mèng)景 黃栩浩 張旭 朱玨 趙銀海
摘要:
為了使得鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的性能與用鋼量比達(dá)到最優(yōu),前人對(duì)槽型鋼的截面尺寸優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了較為充分的研究。但是,涉及卷邊角度的優(yōu)化特別是偏心受壓工況下的優(yōu)化分析卻很缺乏。以YaoTeng偏心受壓計(jì)算公式,結(jié)合遺傳算法,以冷彎卷邊槽鋼柱偏心受壓為例,將槽鋼卷邊角度與偏心距作為設(shè)計(jì)變量,尋找在不同偏心距受壓情況下,達(dá)到最大畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力的卷邊角度。基于有限條分析程序,對(duì)兩端簡(jiǎn)支與兩端固支情況下不同截面尺寸構(gòu)件的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了計(jì)算分析,最終得出不同偏心距受壓下統(tǒng)一的最優(yōu)卷邊角度。為了方便工程設(shè)計(jì)人員設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)參考,建議卷邊角度統(tǒng)一取為100°。
關(guān)鍵詞:
偏心受壓;斜卷邊槽鋼;有限條;遺傳算法;最優(yōu)卷邊角度
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TU391
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):16744764(2016)06009106
Abstract:
The optimization of the sectional dimensions is studied to make the ratio between performance and steel amount of steel sections become optimal. However, the optimization analysis of lip angle involving the eccentric compression is lack. A technique with the genetic algorithm and formulae for predicting the distortional critical stresses of coldformed lipped channels subjected to eccentric compression is developed to optimize the angles of lips of channels. The coldformed lipped channel columns under eccentric compressing have been taken as examples. The genetic algorithm regards the angle of lip and eccentric distance as design parameters. This method not only can decrease workload and aimless calculation but also can obtain accurate optimal angles. The distortional critical stresses of coldformed lipped channels with different dimensions under simply and clamped supports are obtained, based on the finite strip analyses. The optimal angles of coldformed channel steel members with different eccentric distances are presented. For designers convenience of design and application, the degree of 100 is suggested.
Keywords:
inclined lipped coldformed channel;eccentric compression;finite strip;optimal angle of lip
隨著生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的不斷更新發(fā)展,冷彎成型鋼構(gòu)件朝著高強(qiáng)度、薄壁、截面形式復(fù)雜的趨勢(shì)發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了幾種常見(jiàn)的屈曲模式,分別為:局部屈曲、畸變屈曲和整體屈曲[1]。由于可以用加勁及加支撐的方式來(lái)提高構(gòu)件的局部屈曲和整體屈曲的臨界應(yīng)力,畸變屈曲則很可能成為最終主導(dǎo)構(gòu)件失效的屈曲模式。Lau 和 Hancock等[23]提出了簡(jiǎn)化模型,推導(dǎo)出了受壓構(gòu)件彈性畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力。學(xué)者Li等[4]考慮翼緣板件彎曲的影響,在 Lau 和 Hancock 的畸變屈曲模型基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行修正,并推導(dǎo)出了類(lèi)似于 Lau 和 Hancock 公式的彈性畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式。其公式可計(jì)算卷邊槽形、Z 形以及Σ形冷彎薄壁型鋼構(gòu)件的畸變屈曲應(yīng)力。周緒紅等[5]考慮腹板屈曲對(duì)彈簧剛度的影響并提出了折減系數(shù),推導(dǎo)兩端簡(jiǎn)支、固支卷邊槽鋼畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式。Song等[6]采用了半解析有限條法對(duì)槽鋼截面受剪力荷載進(jìn)行分析。楊娜等[7]通過(guò)有限元與試驗(yàn)相對(duì)比,研究了組合效應(yīng)對(duì)冷彎C型鋼構(gòu)件滯回性能的改善作用。Teng等[8]采用如圖1所示的近似模型,推導(dǎo)出雙向偏心受壓構(gòu)件卷邊槽鋼彈性畸變屈曲荷載的穩(wěn)定方程,并提出了單向偏壓和純彎載荷畸變屈曲計(jì)算公式并對(duì)其公式進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)化。研究表明[910],改變卷邊與翼緣的夾角(后簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)卷邊角度)θ(如圖2)不僅會(huì)改變斜卷邊槽鋼的截面幾何特性,還會(huì)改變卷邊對(duì)翼緣的約束作用,從而導(dǎo)致斜卷邊槽鋼構(gòu)件發(fā)生畸變屈曲時(shí)臨界應(yīng)力以及畸變屈曲承載力發(fā)生變化。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)改變卷邊的角度,從而達(dá)到提高構(gòu)件承載力的目的,這為工程優(yōu)化與改變構(gòu)件截面形式來(lái)提高構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度與剛度提供了新的思路。
遺傳算法是一種常見(jiàn)的全局優(yōu)化的概率算法,采用遺傳算法對(duì)工程問(wèn)題進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,搜索過(guò)程既不受優(yōu)化函數(shù)連續(xù)性的約束,也沒(méi)有優(yōu)化函數(shù)必須可導(dǎo)的要求,同時(shí)可進(jìn)行對(duì)目標(biāo)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[1112]。也避免了給定初始值要求,能夠有效地進(jìn)行全局搜索。本文將姚諫等[13](簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)YaoTeng) 推導(dǎo)得到的卷邊槽鋼畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算公式編成相應(yīng)的程序,再利用遺傳算法對(duì)其卷邊角度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得出使構(gòu)件畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力最大的卷邊角度。endprint
3.2結(jié)果分析
由圖4~7可見(jiàn),隨著卷邊角度變化,槽鋼局部與整體相關(guān)屈曲臨界應(yīng)力變化不大,而畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力出現(xiàn)了先增大后減小的變化過(guò)程。由此可見(jiàn),卷邊角度的改變可以顯著改變構(gòu)件的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力。
通過(guò)對(duì)最優(yōu)角度的尋找,及最優(yōu)角度對(duì)應(yīng)的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力計(jì)算,觀察表1~2可知,無(wú)論是兩端簡(jiǎn)支還是兩端固支,無(wú)論是不同偏心距還是不同尺寸試樣,其最優(yōu)角度的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(卷邊角度為90°)構(gòu)件的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力相比較均有提升,畸變屈曲承載力峰值主要集中在95°~105°。
觀察表1~2可知,無(wú)論簡(jiǎn)支還是固支情況下,不同構(gòu)件在不同偏心距受壓下畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力隨卷邊角度變化的趨勢(shì)是一致的。其峰值主要集中在95°~105°,較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)角度(90°)均有不同程度的提高,最大可提升構(gòu)件畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力的3.5%,提高值為1 203 N·cm。
4結(jié)論
1)通過(guò)CUFSM計(jì)算斜卷邊槽鋼在不同偏心距受壓情況下畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力,計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示,隨著卷邊角度的變化,當(dāng)卷邊角度大于90°時(shí),構(gòu)件畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力都有著不同幅度的提升,而局部與整體相關(guān)屈曲臨界應(yīng)力則沒(méi)有明顯的變化。
2)本文提出的將YaoTeng推導(dǎo)的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式(偏心受壓)與遺傳算法相結(jié)合的技術(shù),可以快速準(zhǔn)確地找到最優(yōu)的卷邊角度,可為工程人員設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。
3)據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果分析,構(gòu)件處于兩端簡(jiǎn)支或固支約束條件下,偏心距一定范圍內(nèi),使受壓構(gòu)件的畸變屈曲臨界應(yīng)力最大的最優(yōu)卷邊角度范圍均集中在95°~105°。此外,為了方便工程師設(shè)計(jì),建議卷邊角度可統(tǒng)一采用100°。
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(編輯胡玲)endprint