徐宇昂

【Abstract】With the booming of national economy， city economy has obtained the rapid development， in contrast， problems of city noise pollution has been increasing. The noise pollution is mainly caused by transportation， engineering construction and living activities in the city， which greatly affect peoples life quality and do harm to peoples health. This paper aims at analyzing the current problems of noise pollution and giving some suggestions to prevent it so as to improve peoples life quality and health.

【Key words】noise pollution； problems； countermeasures

I. Introduction

City noise pollution refers to the noise caused by the industry， traffic and peoples living activities in the city， which has a negative effect on peoples living environment （Xie & Cai， 2015）. With the growth of our countrys economy， the speed of urban development has been increasing， but the noise pollution in our city has been becoming more and more serious. It has become one of the four major pollution in the city. According to the environmental noise property， it can be roughly divided into traffic， construction， living noise and so on， and the noise generated by construction brings the greatest impact on the urban residents （Cao， 2017）. In order to prevent noise pollution problem in city， the government and environmental organizations introduced the relevant rules and regulations and curb city noise pollution in a certain extent， but it is still not optimistic from the current situations of noise pollution.

II. The harm of city noise pollution

1. Hearing impairment generated by city noise pollution

Studies have shown that the auditory system is the most direct target of noise damage， and noise can cause noise deafness. In the strength of 85db， there will be 10% of people might suffer from the noise deafness；up to 90 db， 20% of people might cause the disease；but when the noise level is higher than 130 db， the migration threshold can not be restored， and even the eardrum is broken down and brings about bleeding （Li & Liu， 2006）. According to the statistics， it manifests that the greater city noise strength is， the more people suffer from noise deafness. There are so much noise pollution generated by traffic， construction， and living activities every day， as a result， many peoples hearing will be impaired. Whether people are in a short-term or long- term noise environment， it is probable to cause hearing damage to some degree and even bring about peoples hearing loss. Whats more， long-term noise environment has a certain impact on peoples language communication and even damage peoples language listening.

2. Plenty of diseases caused by city noise pollution

In addition to hearing impairments， city noise pollution gives rise to all kinds of other diseases. According to the investigation about influence of city noise pollution on our residents health， it has shown that the prevalence rate of hypertension will increase in the strong noise environment. If the noise index in the region increases a decibel， and the incidence of hypertension in the elders will increase 4% （Feng， 2015）. In addition， city noise pollution can also cause cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Because the noise itself is loud and noisy， it also can cause emotional stress， heartbeat， respiration， blood pressure and so on. Apart from psychological harm， the noise leads to lower levels of saliva and digestive enzymes， causing people to suffer from stomach trouble and duodenal ulceration and other diseases. It can be shown that city noise pollution is possible to bring about physical and mental diseases， so we must learn to regulate our own psychological state to prevent it to some extent.

3. Sleep quality declination brought by city noise pollution

Noise will have serious interference with sleep. As we have known， people spend nearly 1/3 of time on sleep because sleep is an important condition for human beings to eliminate fatigue， restore strength and maintain health. Whereas， strong noise causes people unable to fall sleep or wake up easily， in particular， the elderly and patients will be more sensitive to noise interference. Poor sleep quality is not only harmful to our physical health， but also has a negative influence on study， work and life quality of people. Meanwhile， it is probable to generate uneasiness and anxiety for a long time.

III. The countermeasures of city noise pollution

In consideration of so much harm of city noise pollution， it is indispensable to take some countermeasures to prevent or reduce its harm so as to make people lead more comfortable life. It can make great efforts from three aspects involved in strengthening propaganda， intensifying city noise management， and conducting strict penalties.

1. Strengthening propaganda

The government and relevant environmental organization can depend on by the means of the website， billboards， banners and leaflets and other ways of publicity to strengthen the propaganda of the environmental protection laws and regulations. “city regional environmental noise standards” considered as a law to control and prevent city noise pollution， should be greatly announced and recognized by the government （Li & Yang， 2010）. At the same time， It is very significant to intensify the ideological education of workers， and give the slogan “stopping make a big noise”. What more， environmental protection departments should send personnel to some sites of pollution sources to declare environmental protection laws and regulations， such as， environmental knowledge， noise pollution punishment regulations， and so on， advocate civilized business habits， and improve environmental protection awareness of the enterprise legal person， staff， students and residents. In spite of a wide variety of noise is unavoidable， we can obey the relevant laws and regulations and reduce the strength of noise intuitively if people raise their own environmental ideology and awareness.

2. Intensifying city noise management

The relevant departments should strictly examine and approve the construction project on the basis of extraordinary approval system， strengthen the supervision of the construction projects， and dismantle the noise sources， especially for some commercial stores， such as audio system or horn （Li & Wei， 2012）. With respect to the construction project approval， it must be in accordance with the demands of the city environmental protection departments， abide by noise approval procedures， including the approval of the noise indicators for construction， reasonable arrangements for construction time， as much as possible to reduce noise nuisance. It is also necessary to strengthen the noise pollution management of schools， hospitals， office， residents living area， formulate linear time and route of high noise vehicles entering the city， minimize the traffic noise in the main section of the city， and establish the logo of tooting horn. If the businesses all abide by the management rules， the noise strength will decrease and noise pollution will reduce to great degree.

3. Conducting strict penalty

It is insufficient for the government and relevant departments to advocate environmental awareness and strengthen the management of noise pollution， and it need to carry out strict penalty to people who violate the noise management rules， laws and regulations.

First of all， the relevant departments can not buck with respect to the masses of complaints， should strictly deal with and punish the behaviors according to the requirements of relevant regulations of noise standards. Besides， the public security organs also should seriously punish the acts that violate the provisions of the law concerning the prevention and control of noise pollution in social life， and make noise and disturb the normal life of others in accordance with the law on the “administration of public security punishment”. Meanwhile， other noise pollution problems should be handled by the environmental protection departments. As far as those businesses who are often against the environmental protection laws， they will not reduce noise strength in order to their benefits if the relevant departments do not strictly conduct the rules.

In addition， environmental protection departments should check the construction sites regularly or irregularly. They must promptly punish and command the people carrying out construction to make rectification in accordance with the law if they find that there are some constructions noise over standards. Besides， it is necessary for relevant departments to promptly formulate local laws and regulations， refine the system， improve the law enforcement， define management responsibilities， establish joint law enforcement mechanism， and conduct regular inspections to ensure long-term and effective governance.

IV. Conclusion

In short， with the rapid development of economy， noise pollution in city areas has become increasingly serious in recent years. The vehicle horn， commercial and construction noise have seriously affected the normal life of the people. It is undoubtedly that city noise pollution prevention system in our country need to constantly improve， and there are many deficiencies that should be found in real life. The environmental legislation departments should give emphasis on the city noise pollution legislation to create a good living environment and achieve the harmony between human and environment. All other relevant departments also should take effective measures to refine and conduct laws and regulations so as to minimize the impact of noise pollution on human health， work， study and life.

References：

[1]曹越.淺析城市噪音污染問題與治理措施[J].資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保，2017（2）：32-35.

[2]馮晉強.城市改造過程中的環(huán)境污染問題[D].內(nèi)蒙古大學， 2015.

[3]李維，魏艷.我國城市噪音污染及預(yù)防[J].北方環(huán)境，2012（3）.

[4]李新鋼，楊義會.探析城市噪音污染問題與治理措施[J].科協(xié)論壇，2010（3）.

[5]李迅，劉俊肖.完善中國噪音污染防治立法的思考[J].資源與產(chǎn)業(yè)，2006（6）：94-97.

[6]謝國強，蔡瑩.淺析我國城市噪音污染防治制度的完善[J].農(nóng)業(yè)與技術(shù)，2015（4）：256.