王軍鋒,李娜,羅卿
(1.核工業(yè)四一七醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,陜西 西安 710600;2.西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,陜西 西安710000;3.核工業(yè)四一七醫(yī)院 外一科,陜西 西安 710600)
腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療重癥急性胰腺炎及對(duì)TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平的影響
王軍鋒1,李娜2,羅卿3
(1.核工業(yè)四一七醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,陜西 西安 710600;2.西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,陜西 西安710000;3.核工業(yè)四一七醫(yī)院 外一科,陜西 西安 710600)
目的探討重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療的臨床療效及對(duì)腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)和可溶性白細(xì)胞介素-2受體(sIL-2R)水平的影響。方法收集到西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院接受外科手術(shù)治療的SAP患者92例作為本次研究對(duì)象,將其分為開腹組46例,給予傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)治療,腹腔鏡組46例,實(shí)施腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療,對(duì)比兩組相關(guān)指標(biāo)差異及對(duì)TNF-α、IL-6、sIL-2R水平的影響。結(jié)果腹腔鏡組手術(shù)時(shí)間(82.21±14.56)min、術(shù)中出血量(172.23±23.31)ml、手術(shù)總費(fèi)用(21 512.46±121.35)元及住院天數(shù)(16.81±0.58)d均少于開腹組;腹腔鏡組治愈率93.48%(43/46)明顯高于開腹組76.08%(35/46);其并發(fā)癥率10.86%(5/46),死亡率2.17%(1/46)均明顯低于開腹組;術(shù)后腹腔鏡組TNF-α(24.70±6.90)ng/L、IL-6(18.31±8.91)ng/L及sIL-2R(98.60±8.91)pmol/L明顯低于開腹組,以上數(shù)據(jù)組間對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論采用腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療SAP,其療效顯著,可有效降低并發(fā)癥率與死亡率,且提高治愈率,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
重癥急性胰腺炎;腹腔鏡手術(shù);腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α);白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6);可溶性白細(xì)胞介素-2受體(sIL-2R)
重癥急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP),臨床上指的是胰腺由于胰蛋白酶的自身消化作用所導(dǎo)致的一種疾病[1]。該疾病會(huì)導(dǎo)致胰腺出現(xiàn)充血、水腫、出血甚至壞死等癥狀,病癥表現(xiàn)包括腹脹、腹痛、發(fā)熱及惡心嘔吐等。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)通常會(huì)采用開腹手術(shù)治療SAP,但開腹手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷大,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率較高,影響其治療效果,近年來腹腔鏡技術(shù)在臨床外科的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛,尤其是對(duì)于SAP的治療[2]。本研究探討腹腔鏡手術(shù)在SAP治療中的應(yīng)用療效及對(duì)腫瘤壞死因子 -α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和可溶性白細(xì)胞介素-2受體(Soluble interleukin -2 receptor,sIL-2R)水平的影響?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
表1 兩組患者基本資料情況比較Table 1 Comparison of basic information between the two groups
收集2015年6月-2016年9月到西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院接受外科手術(shù)治療的SAP患者92例作為本次研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)手術(shù)方式差異隨機(jī)分為開腹組(給予傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)治療)與腹腔鏡組(實(shí)施腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療)各46例。選入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):入組患者符合《重癥急性胰腺炎診斷指南》[3](2007年版)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者;經(jīng)CT、B超檢查,結(jié)果顯示胰腺腫大、充血及胰腺液化灶者;患者血、尿及腹水經(jīng)檢查,其淀粉酶明顯高于正常值者;有膽結(jié)石既往病史者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):臨床資料不全者;合并內(nèi)分泌疾病者;伴發(fā)精神性疾病者;術(shù)后早期出院者。兩組患者臨床基本資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。本研究患者均簽署知情同意書,且經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2.1 開腹組 經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)治療后癥狀并無明顯改善時(shí)考慮采用開腹手術(shù)治療。術(shù)前全麻處理,于胰被膜下行切口,將壞死胰腺組織與滲出液清除,沖洗干凈后,應(yīng)用雙套管置于小網(wǎng)膜腔引流。若患者合并膽管結(jié)石,需先操作膽囊切除,繼而清除壞死胰腺組織,術(shù)后觀察膽管情況,無異常置管引流。若患者出現(xiàn)胰外腹膜感染,先將腹膜壞死組織進(jìn)行清除,灌洗干凈再給予腹膜后腔引流。針對(duì)伴發(fā)胰腺組織壞死及感染患者,常規(guī)胰被膜減壓后,將壞死及感染部位切除。
1.2.2 腹腔鏡組 經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)治療后癥狀并無明顯改善時(shí)實(shí)施腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療。給予患者全麻護(hù)理并氣管插管,采用B超引導(dǎo)確定穿刺點(diǎn)(臍上1.0~1.5 cm部位),建立氣腹后將腹腔鏡置入;在術(shù)中應(yīng)用腹腔鏡引導(dǎo),在劍突下鉆主操作孔,并將套管、操作器械從該孔置入,先操作盆腔與腹腔積液的吸除,再使用25%生理鹽水對(duì)盆腔與腹腔進(jìn)行沖洗。術(shù)中充分暴露胰腺與小網(wǎng)膜腔部位,操作腔內(nèi)積液的清除,采用超聲刀行胰被膜切開,探查胰腺病灶情況,并將壞死或感染組織、滲出液一并清除。使用25%生理鹽水反復(fù)沖洗創(chuàng)面,置入沖洗管與引流管,構(gòu)建閉式腹腔灌洗系統(tǒng),應(yīng)用甲硝唑已定洗劑(生產(chǎn)企業(yè):黑龍江天龍藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字H20055494)沖洗腹腔5~10 d。若患者合并膽管感染,可在腹腔鏡直視切除膽囊,操作膽總管排石,之后對(duì)膽總管進(jìn)行加壓沖洗,排除小結(jié)石??p合膽總管前置入T形導(dǎo)管以引流,繼而采用超聲刀對(duì)壞死組織進(jìn)行清除,使用25%生理鹽水沖洗腹腔,構(gòu)建閉式腹腔灌洗系統(tǒng),采用甲硝唑已定洗劑(生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、批準(zhǔn)文號(hào)同上)對(duì)腹腔連續(xù)沖洗5~10 d。1.2.3 術(shù)后護(hù)理 術(shù)后所有患者均禁食,給予常規(guī)術(shù)后護(hù)理,如補(bǔ)液抗炎、胃腸減壓、營養(yǎng)支持及電解質(zhì)、酸堿度的平衡調(diào)整等。
對(duì)比兩組臨床指標(biāo):手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)、術(shù)中出血量(ml)、住院天數(shù)(d)及手術(shù)總費(fèi)用(元);比較兩組并發(fā)癥率、治愈率、死亡率;治愈標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血常規(guī)及血、尿淀粉酶檢查結(jié)果顯示正常,臨床病癥腹脹、腹痛、發(fā)熱及惡心嘔吐等消失,患者各項(xiàng)生命體征恢復(fù)正常。采用定量酶聯(lián)檢測(cè)試劑盒對(duì)患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后TNF-α、IL-6、sIL-2R水平進(jìn)行測(cè)定,并比較兩組術(shù)前和術(shù)后以上細(xì)胞因子的水平。
本次研究采用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)研究過程中獲取的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,手術(shù)時(shí)間(min)、術(shù)中出血量(ml)、住院天數(shù)(d)及治療總費(fèi)用(元)等計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)形式表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn);并發(fā)癥率、治愈率、死亡率等采用例(%)形式表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn);P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
腹腔鏡組手術(shù)時(shí)間(82.21±14.56)min、術(shù)中出血量(172.23±23.31)ml、手術(shù)總費(fèi)用(21 512.46±121.35)元及住院天數(shù)(16.81±0.58)d均少于開腹 組 的(118.32±18.72)min、(197.46±28.43)ml、(46 987.95±215.26)元和(34.30±0.67)d,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表 2。
兩組間術(shù)前細(xì)胞因子水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后腹腔鏡組 TNF-α(24.70±6.90)ng/L、IL-6(18.31±8.91)ng/L 及 sIL-2R(98.60±8.91)pmol/L明顯低于開腹組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表 3。
表2 兩組臨床相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of the clinical related indicators between the two groups (±s)
表2 兩組臨床相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of the clinical related indicators between the two groups (±s)
組別 手術(shù)時(shí)間/min 術(shù)中出血量/ml 手術(shù)總費(fèi)用/元 住院天數(shù)/d腹腔鏡組(n =46) 82.21±14.56 172.23±23.31 21 512.46±121.35 16.81±0.58開腹組(n =46) 118.32±18.72 197.46±28.43 46 987.95±215.26 34.30±0.67 t值 10.33 4.65 699.21 133.94 P值 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
表3 兩組術(shù)前、術(shù)后TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平比較 (±s)Table 3 Comparison of the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and sIL-2R between the two groups before and after operation (±s)
表3 兩組術(shù)前、術(shù)后TNF-α、IL-6和sIL-2R水平比較 (±s)Table 3 Comparison of the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and sIL-2R between the two groups before and after operation (±s)
注:t1和P1為腹腔組患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后對(duì)比;t2和P2為開腹組患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后對(duì)比;t3和P3為腹腔鏡組和開腹組術(shù)前對(duì)比;t4和P4為腹腔鏡組和開腹組術(shù)后對(duì)比
組別 TNF-α/(ng/L) IL-6/(ng/L) sIL-2R/(pmol/L)腹腔鏡組(n =46)術(shù)前 58.51±14.60 53.71±18.30 138.61±15.61術(shù)后 24.70±6.90 18.31±8.91 98.60±8.91開腹組(n =46)術(shù)前 58.71±15.01 53.52±17.91 138.91±16.11術(shù)后 33.61±6.41 25.41±7.70 105.31±6.41 t1和P1值 14.20,0.000 11.80,0.000 15.11,0.000 t2和P2值 10.43,0.000 9.78,0.000 13.15,0.000 t3和P3值 0.06,0.948 0.05,0.958 0.09,0.928 t4和P4值 6.41,0.000 4.09,0.000 4.15,0.000
腹腔鏡組治愈率93.48%(43/46)明顯高于開腹組76.08%(35/46);其并發(fā)癥率10.86%(5/46)與死亡率2.17%(1/46)均明顯低于開腹組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表 4。
表4 兩組并發(fā)癥率、治愈率和死亡率比較 例(%)Table 4 Comparison of complications,cure rate and mortality between the two groups n(%)
SAP是由于胰液對(duì)胰腺及其周圍組織自身消化所導(dǎo)致的急性炎癥,主要臨床表現(xiàn)有胰腺水腫、出血甚至壞死等。由于SAP胰性毒素吸收,所以導(dǎo)致該疾病感染率、并發(fā)癥率和死亡率等較高[4]。據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)[5]表明,即便SAP外科技術(shù)取得了顯著的進(jìn)展,但目前該疾病的死亡率仍高達(dá)18.00%。當(dāng)保守治療效果不理想時(shí),采取手術(shù)治療是較為有效的方法。傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)采用的是開腹手術(shù)治療,但該手術(shù)方法創(chuàng)傷大,感染率、并發(fā)癥率較高,治療效果欠佳[6]。而腹腔鏡手術(shù)是一種新型的治療方式,本研究篩選92例SAP患者進(jìn)行分組研究,對(duì)比這兩種手術(shù)方式的應(yīng)用效果,結(jié)果顯示:腹腔鏡組手術(shù)時(shí)間(82.21±14.56)min、術(shù)中出血量(172.23±23.31)ml、手術(shù)總費(fèi)用(21 512.46±121.35)元及住院天數(shù)(16.81±0.58)d均明顯少于開腹組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示腹腔鏡技術(shù)作為目前一種新型微創(chuàng)手術(shù)技術(shù),與開腹手術(shù)方式比較,其手術(shù)時(shí)間短、術(shù)中出血量少,且安全性高,可有效降低手術(shù)給患者身體帶來的傷害,術(shù)后恢復(fù)良好,縮短住院天數(shù)。對(duì)比兩組預(yù)后:腹腔鏡組治愈率93.48%(43/46)明顯高于開腹組76.08%(35/46);其并發(fā)癥率10.86%(5/46)和死亡率2.17%(1/46)均明顯低于開腹組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。采用腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療SAP,臨床醫(yī)生可在腹腔鏡直視下觀察腹腔內(nèi)病灶,術(shù)中準(zhǔn)確操作壞死組織的切除與積液吸出,有效清洗腹腔,能夠減輕胰性毒素吸收所導(dǎo)致的炎性反應(yīng),降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率,提高患者預(yù)后[7]。臨床普遍認(rèn)為TNF-α水平是發(fā)生胰腺炎時(shí)致使胰腺及其周邊組織受損的主因,TNF-α水平會(huì)在急性胰腺炎發(fā)生后異常升高[8]。IL-6可激活內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞與炎性細(xì)胞,并產(chǎn)生毒性反應(yīng),此外IL-6在急性期蛋白合成過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用,加劇炎癥反應(yīng)的程度,從而對(duì)其他組織器官造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害[9-10]。sIL-2R屬于復(fù)合性黏蛋白,其對(duì)機(jī)體內(nèi)分泌效應(yīng)具有抑制作用,可抑制已活化的免疫細(xì)胞-T細(xì)胞的克隆化擴(kuò)增,破壞機(jī)體免疫功能[11-12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示:兩組術(shù)前細(xì)胞因子水平無顯著差異(P>0.05);術(shù)后腹腔鏡組 TNF-α 為(24.70±6.90)ng/L、IL-6(18.31±8.91)ng/L 及 sIL-2R(98.60±8.91)pmol/L明顯低于開腹組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示及時(shí)采用腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療SAP,其療效確切,可促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),降低TNF-α、IL-6及sIL-2R細(xì)胞因子的水平,減輕胰腺及其周邊組織的受損程度,達(dá)到最佳的治療效果。
綜上所述,采用腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療SAP,其療效顯著,可有效降低并發(fā)癥率與死亡率,且提高治愈率,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[1]張莉, 艾蓮. 不同手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)腹腔鏡下手術(shù)治療重癥急性胰腺炎療效研究[J]. 山西醫(yī)藥雜志, 2016, 45(11): 1295-1297.
[1]ZHANG L, AI L. Efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for severe acute pancreatitis in different surgical procedures[J]. Shanxi Medical Journal, 2016, 45(11): 1295-1297. Chinese
[2]邱慶文. 重癥急性胰腺炎患者腹腔鏡手術(shù)圍術(shù)期胃腸激素及機(jī)體應(yīng)激狀態(tài)變化觀察[J]. 中南醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)雜志, 2015, 43(6): 675-678.
[2]QIU Q W. Severe acute pancreatitis in patients with laparoscopic perioperative gastrointestinal hormones and changes in stress state[J]. Journal of Central South Medical Sciences, 2015, 43(6):675-678. Chinese
[3]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)外科學(xué)分會(huì)胰腺外科學(xué)組. 重癥急性胰腺炎診治指南[J]. 中華外科雜志, 2007, 45(11): 727-729.
[3]Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Chinese Medical Association.Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Surgery, 2007, 45(11): 727-729.Chinese
[4]孫興, 方兆山, 陶海粟, 等. 腹腔鏡腹腔置管灌洗引流治療重癥急性胰腺炎87例[J]. 實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2016, 32(6): 903-907.
[4]SUN X, FANG Z S, TAO H S, et al. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage drainage treatment of severe acute pancreatitis 87 cases[J]. Journal of Practical Medicine, 2016, 32(6): 903-907. Chinese
[5]楊煥東, 劉金群, 張春梅, 等. 腹腔鏡術(shù)后腹腔灌洗、持續(xù)循環(huán)式腹膜透析治療重癥急性胰腺炎的臨床研究[J]. 中國內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2016, 22(5): 70-74.
[5]YANG H D, LIU J Q, ZHANG C M, et al. Clinical study of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage and continuous circulation peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis[J].China Journal of Endoscopy, 2016, 22(5): 70-74. Chinese
[6]梁鵬, 仲人生, 郭忠. 腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)治療膽囊結(jié)石合并膽源性重癥急性胰腺炎的可行性探討[J]. 醫(yī)學(xué)綜述, 2016, 22(17):3525-3526.
[6]LIANG P, ZHONG R S, GUO Z. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of gallstones with biliary severe acute pancreatitis feasibility study[J]. Medical Review, 2016, 22(17): 3525-3526.Chinese
[7]蔡勇, 張建淮, 楊晨晨, 等. 腹腔鏡聯(lián)合十二指腸鏡手術(shù)治療急性重癥膽源性胰腺炎的臨床研究[J]. 川北醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào), 2016,31(1): 81-83.
[7]CAI Y, ZHANG J H, YANG C C, et al. Clinical study of laparoscopic combined with duodenoscopic surgery in the treatment of acute severe biliary pancreatitis[J]. Journal of North Sichuan Medical College, 2016, 31(1): 81-83. Chinese
[8]陳勝, 吳衛(wèi)澤, 李能平. 輕癥急性膽源性胰腺炎腹腔鏡膽囊切除手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)的探討[J]. 中華胰腺病雜志, 2016, 16(5): 326-330.
[8]CHEN S, WU W Z, LI N P. Study on the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild acute biliary pancreatitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Pancreatitis, 2016, 16(5): 326-330. Chinese
[9]李成軍, 李金驍. 內(nèi)鏡聯(lián)合腹腔鏡治療重癥急性胰腺炎并發(fā)胰腺假性囊腫的臨床療效觀察[J]. 中國普通外科雜志, 2015,24(3): 389-392.
[9]LI C J, LI J X. Endoscopic combined laparoscopic treatment of severe acute pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocyst of the clinical efficacy[J]. Chinese Journal of General Surgery, 2015,24(3): 389-392. Chinese
[10]XIONG J, WANG K, YUAN C, et al. Luteolin protects mice from severe acute pancreatitis by exerting HO-1-mediated antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects[J]. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2017, 39(1): 113-125.
[11]HORIBE M, SASAKI M, SANUI M, et al. Continuous regional arterial infusion of protease inhibitors has no efficacy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective multicenter cohort study[J]. Pancreas, 2017, 46(4):510-517.
[12]HUA Z, SU Y, HUANG X, et al. Analysis of risk factors related to gastrointestinal fistula in patients with severe acute pancreatitis:a retrospective study of 344 cases in a single Chinese center[J].BMC Gastroenterology, 2017, 17(1): 29.
Impact of laparoscopic surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis on TNF alpha, IL-6 and sIL-2R
Jun-feng Wang1, Na Li2, Qing Luo3
(1.Department of Laboratory Medicine, the 417th Hospital of Nuclear Industry, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710600,China; 2.Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China; 3.Department of General Surgery, the 417th Hospital of Nuclear Industry, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710600, China)
ObjectiveTo study the impact of laparoscopic surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis on TNF alpha, IL - 6 and sIL-2R.MethodsTake 92 patients with SAP accepted laparoscopic surgical intervention as the research object, they were divided into laparotomy group (46 cases):
traditional open surgery;laparoscopic group (46 cases): received laparoscopic surgery intervention. Then compare the levels of TNF alpha,IL-6 and sIL-2R between the two groups.ResultsThe time of laparoscopy group was (82.21 ± 14.56) min,intraoperative blood loss was (172.23 ± 23.31) mL, total cost was (21 512.46 ± 121.35) yuan, which was less than laparotomy group; the cure rate of laparoscopic group was 93.48% (43/46). It was obviously higher than that in laparotomy group 86.96% (40/46); The complication rate was 23.91% (11/46), the death rate 6.52% (3/46) of laparoscopic group were significantly lower than that in laparotomy group. After laparoscopic surgery, the level of TNF alpha (24.70 ± 6.90) ng/L, IL-6 (18.32 ± 8.91) ng/L and sIL-2R (98.60 ± 8.91) pmol/L was significantly lower than laparotomy group. All the differences compared between the two groups was statistical significant(P< 0.05).ConclusionThe laparoscopic intervention for SAP has distinct curative effect. It can effectively reduce the rate of complications and mortality, and improve the cure rate, is deserving popularization and application.
severe acute pancreatitis; laparoscopic intervention; TNF-α; IL-6; sIL-2R
R576
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.11.015
1007-1989(2017)11-0074-05
2017-04-18
李娜,E-mail:19141067@qq.com ;Tel:13809188968
(吳靜 編輯)