薛文丹,邢孔麗,李小清
(海南省海口市婦幼保健院 超聲科,海南 海口 571199)
腹腔鏡超聲輔助在子宮肌瘤患者微創(chuàng)手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用研究
薛文丹,邢孔麗,李小清
(海南省海口市婦幼保健院 超聲科,海南 海口 571199)
目的探討腹腔鏡超聲在輔助子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,為臨床降低子宮肌瘤術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法選取2011年1月-2014年6月在該院住院治療的子宮肌瘤患者156例,根據(jù)數(shù)字表法將患者分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組78例,對(duì)照組患者給予常規(guī)的腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)治療,觀察組患者給予腹腔鏡超聲輔助微創(chuàng)治療,比較兩組患者一般治療情況、術(shù)后殘留和12個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā)的情況、不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的肌瘤個(gè)數(shù)和肌瘤直徑,分析子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目與殘留與復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間以及肛門排氣時(shí)間的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;觀察組患者術(shù)后殘留的比例以及12個(gè)月內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)的比例明顯低于對(duì)照組,且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;觀察組術(shù)后3、6、9和12個(gè)月的子宮肌瘤數(shù)目低于對(duì)照組;兩組患者術(shù)后3和6個(gè)月子宮肌瘤最大直徑的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,觀察組患者術(shù)后9和12個(gè)月的子宮肌瘤的最大直徑明顯低于對(duì)照組,且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;隨著患者子宮肌瘤數(shù)目的增多,術(shù)后的殘余發(fā)生率和復(fù)發(fā)率明顯提升,當(dāng)子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目≥10個(gè),殘留率為100.0%,復(fù)發(fā)率為80.0%。結(jié)論腹腔鏡超聲輔助微創(chuàng)手術(shù)應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤患者,可以有效降低術(shù)后的殘余率和復(fù)發(fā)率,值得臨床推廣。
子宮肌瘤;超聲;腹腔鏡;微創(chuàng)
子宮肌瘤屬于女性常見的良性腫瘤,國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)生率大約30.0%,多發(fā)于生育年齡的女性[1-2]。子宮肌瘤是由于平滑肌細(xì)胞增生所引發(fā),伴隨部分纖維結(jié)締組織,對(duì)患者的月經(jīng)具有很大的影響,而且嚴(yán)重影響患者的生育和妊娠能力[3-4]。隨著人們對(duì)健康需求的不斷提升,使得越來越多的患者除了關(guān)注手術(shù)的康復(fù)效果,還更加關(guān)心術(shù)后的生活質(zhì)量和美觀。因此,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展。雖然有創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是也具有較高的殘余率和復(fù)發(fā)率[5-6]。本研究將腹腔鏡超聲技術(shù)應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)中,取得了理想的治療效果?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
選取2011年1月-2014年6月在本院住院治療的子宮肌瘤患者156例,根據(jù)數(shù)字表法將患者分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組78例。其中,對(duì)照組年齡27~58歲,平均(37.5±5.1)歲,腫瘤個(gè)數(shù)>3個(gè)的患者28例,最大腫瘤直徑(7.5±1.1)cm;觀察組年齡26~57歲,平均(36.8±4.8)歲,腫瘤個(gè)數(shù)>3個(gè)的患者26例,最大腫瘤直徑(7.3±1.2)cm。兩組患者一般資料的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性。本研究通過本院倫理委員會(huì)審查同意。
年齡≥25歲;神志清醒,能正確表達(dá)自己的意愿;腫瘤的最大直徑≤10 cm;不孕不育且反復(fù)流產(chǎn)但是排除了其他因素或者檢測(cè)到子宮肌瘤,但是并無臨床癥狀;臨床資料齊全;自愿參加本研究并對(duì)本研究具有知情同意權(quán)。
年齡<25歲;合并精神類疾病的患者;伴隨凝血功能障礙患者;伴隨重大器官損傷的患者;伴隨其他部位惡性腫瘤的患者;臨床資料不全的患者;不愿參加本研究的患者。
1.4.1 治療方法 對(duì)照組患者給予常規(guī)的腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)治療,觀察組患者給予腹腔鏡超聲輔助微創(chuàng)治療。對(duì)照組患者的具體方法包括行全身麻醉,常規(guī)氣腹穿刺,氣腹壓力大約為15 mmHg。臍孔為腹部穿刺第一穿刺點(diǎn)(采用10 mm Trocar穿刺),在下腹的麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn)和反麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn)作為第二(采用5 mm Trocar穿刺)、第三穿刺點(diǎn)(采用10 mm Trocar穿刺),并將恥骨上方3橫指左側(cè)3 cm處作為第四穿刺點(diǎn)(采用5 mm Trocar穿刺)。腹腔鏡可以有效地探測(cè)肌壁間肌瘤、真性闊韌帶肌瘤和漿膜下肌瘤,采用單極電鉤逐漸將發(fā)現(xiàn)的腫瘤剔除,并縫合子宮創(chuàng)面。觀察組患者的具體操作方法包括術(shù)前經(jīng)腹部或者陰道超聲重點(diǎn)檢測(cè)肌瘤的大小、數(shù)目以及準(zhǔn)確定位,超聲所用儀器采用EsaoteMYlab彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,探頭頻率為4~10 MHz,超聲探頭型號(hào)8666型,手術(shù)方法同對(duì)照組,由腹腔鏡操作完畢,剔除已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的肌瘤后,采用超聲探頭,由超聲醫(yī)師將超聲探頭通過10 mm的套管進(jìn)入腹腔內(nèi),在體內(nèi)對(duì)子宮表面進(jìn)行掃查。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)未剔除的子宮肌瘤時(shí),根據(jù)定位,采用單極電鉤切開肌層或者漿膜層,暴露肌瘤并準(zhǔn)確剔除肌瘤。
1.4.2 評(píng)價(jià)方法 比較兩組患者一般治療情況、術(shù)后殘留以及12個(gè)月復(fù)發(fā)的情況、不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的肌瘤個(gè)數(shù)和肌瘤直徑、分析子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目與殘留和復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。其中一般治療情況指標(biāo)包括手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、平均住院時(shí)間、肛門排氣時(shí)間,殘留情況通過術(shù)后陰道超聲,發(fā)現(xiàn)包膜清晰且最大直徑>1.0 cm低回聲區(qū),確定為殘留,復(fù)發(fā)為在12個(gè)月內(nèi)陰道超聲,發(fā)現(xiàn)包膜清晰且最大直徑>1.0 cm低回聲區(qū),確定為
復(fù)發(fā)。
采用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示兩組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
對(duì)照組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、住院時(shí)間以及肛門排氣時(shí)間分別為(68.4±10.2)min、(69.7±18.6)ml、(4.6±1.3)d 和(20.6±4.5)h,觀察組相應(yīng)指標(biāo)分別為(70.3±9.6)min、(75.2±20.4)ml、(4.2±1.1)d和(21.0±3.8)h,兩組各指標(biāo)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。見表1。
觀察組患者術(shù)后殘留21例(26.9%),12個(gè)月內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)6例(7.7%),明顯低于對(duì)照組術(shù)后殘留37例(47.4%),12個(gè)月內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)20例(25.6%),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表 2。
表1 兩組患者治療情況的比較 (±s)Table 1 Comparison of treatment efficacy between the two groups (±s)
表1 兩組患者治療情況的比較 (±s)Table 1 Comparison of treatment efficacy between the two groups (±s)
組別 手術(shù)時(shí)間/min 術(shù)中出血量/ml 住院時(shí)間/d 肛門排氣時(shí)間/h對(duì)照組(n =78) 68.4±10.2 69.7±18.6 4.6±1.3 20.6±4.5觀察組(n =78) 70.3±9.6 75.2±20.4 4.2±1.1 21.0±3.8 t值 0.37 0.69 0.15 0.33 P值 0.629 0.297 0.806 0.597
表2 兩組患者術(shù)后殘留和復(fù)發(fā)的比較 例(%)Table 2 Comparison of postoperative residual and recurrence between the two groups n(%)
觀察組術(shù)后3、6、9和12個(gè)月的子宮肌瘤數(shù)目分別為29、29、35和40個(gè),對(duì)照組術(shù)后術(shù)后3、6、9和12個(gè)月的子宮肌瘤數(shù)目分別為76、80、89和102個(gè),兩組各時(shí)間段相比,觀察組低于對(duì)照組。
兩組患者術(shù)后3和6個(gè)月子宮肌瘤最大直徑的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),觀察組患者術(shù)后9和12個(gè)月的子宮肌瘤的最大直徑分別為(0.8±0.2)和(0.9±0.2)cm,明顯低于對(duì)照組的(1.0±0.2)和(1.1±0.2)cm,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表 3。
研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著患者子宮肌瘤數(shù)目的增多,術(shù)后的殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率有所提升,當(dāng)子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目≥10個(gè),殘留率為100.0%,復(fù)發(fā)率為80.0%。見表4。
表3 兩組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)肌瘤最大直徑的比較 (cm,±s)Table 3 Comparison of the maximal diameter of fibroids at different time points between the two groups (cm,±s)
表3 兩組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)肌瘤最大直徑的比較 (cm,±s)Table 3 Comparison of the maximal diameter of fibroids at different time points between the two groups (cm,±s)
組別 術(shù)后3個(gè)月 術(shù)后6個(gè)月 術(shù)后9個(gè)月 術(shù)后12個(gè)月對(duì)照組(n =78) 0.9±0.2 0.9±0.2 1.0±0.2 1.1±0.2觀察組(n =78) 0.8±0.2 0.8±0.2 0.8±0.2 0.9±0.2 t值 0.14 0.49 2.98 3.15 P值 0.817 0.559 0.021 0.000
表4 子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目與殘留和復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系 例(%)Table 4 The relationship between the number of uterine fibroids and the residual and relapse n(%)
隨著醫(yī)學(xué)水平的不斷提升,腹腔鏡微創(chuàng)手術(shù)越來越多的應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤的剔除手術(shù),但是由于其術(shù)后殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率較高,手術(shù)前后探測(cè)子宮肌瘤數(shù)量和直徑顯得尤為重要和必要。本研究將超聲微創(chuàng)手術(shù)應(yīng)用于腹腔鏡手術(shù)中輔助治療子宮肌瘤患者,取得了滿意的療效。
觀察組患者術(shù)后殘留的比例和12個(gè)月內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)的比例明顯低于對(duì)照組,且差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。研究結(jié)果提示,將輔助超聲應(yīng)用于腹腔鏡手術(shù)中輔助治療子宮肌瘤患者可以有效地降低術(shù)后殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率。單純腹腔鏡手術(shù)術(shù)后殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率較高的原因是在治療過程中患者無法進(jìn)行觸診,對(duì)位于壁間結(jié)節(jié)部位的肌瘤容易造成漏診,并在清除的過程中遺漏,清除的遺漏是造成殘留率較高的原因,也是造成術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的主要原因[7-8]。對(duì)于子宮肌瘤較小,且位置更深,術(shù)中沒有必要為清除這些深層次的子宮肌瘤而對(duì)子宮造成更大的創(chuàng)傷[9-10]。因此,使得單純的腹腔鏡手術(shù)增加了術(shù)后殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率。然而將腹腔鏡超聲應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤的診治可以有效地準(zhǔn)確定位子宮肌瘤的位置,并能及時(shí)地發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的病變部位,可以有效地降低術(shù)后殘留和對(duì)子宮的創(chuàng)傷[11-12]。腹腔鏡超聲探頭可以對(duì)子宮表面進(jìn)行掃查,避免了周圍脹氣造成的漏診,并能及時(shí)地發(fā)現(xiàn)較小的子宮肌瘤[13]。腹腔鏡超聲輔助可以輔助醫(yī)生確定最佳手術(shù)切口,使得時(shí)間更短,位置更精確,為臨床降低子宮損傷提供可能[14-15]。本研究將腹腔鏡輔助超聲應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤的手術(shù)中,將殘留率從47.4%降低至26.9%,并將12個(gè)月的復(fù)發(fā)率從25.6%降低至7.7%,均取得了滿意的效果。
本研究還明確地指出,與單純的腹腔鏡手術(shù)相比,腹腔鏡輔助超聲并未增加手術(shù)的操作時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量以及住院時(shí)間??赡苁怯捎诟骨荤R超聲輔助治療術(shù)前明確患者子宮肌瘤的位置,并在治療的過程中超聲探頭也可以有效的為醫(yī)生選擇最佳的手術(shù)位置[16-17],一系列的定位和指導(dǎo)作用使得增加了超聲輔助功能,但未增加治療時(shí)間。
研究結(jié)果提示,將腹腔鏡超聲輔助功能應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤患者的治療過程中可以有效地減少1年內(nèi)子宮肌瘤的總個(gè)數(shù),降低肌瘤的最大直徑。可能的原因是肌瘤的總個(gè)數(shù)與患者的術(shù)后殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率具有直接的關(guān)聯(lián),單純的腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療的殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率均較高,導(dǎo)致子宮肌瘤的總個(gè)數(shù)和肌瘤的直徑均顯著提升?;颊咦訉m肌瘤的數(shù)目與術(shù)后的殘留率存在密切的聯(lián)系。隨著患者子宮肌瘤數(shù)目的增多,術(shù)后的殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率顯著提升,當(dāng)子宮肌瘤的數(shù)目≥10個(gè),殘留率為100.0%,復(fù)發(fā)率為80.0%。因此,對(duì)于子宮肌瘤數(shù)目較多的患者采用腹腔鏡治療的效果能否進(jìn)一步提升,有待更加深入的研究。
綜上所述,本研究將腹腔鏡超聲輔助微創(chuàng)手術(shù)應(yīng)用于子宮肌瘤患者,可以有效地降低術(shù)后的殘留率和復(fù)發(fā)率,值得臨床推廣。
[1]宋光輝, 張松英, 李百加, 等. 腹腔鏡下子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)后妊娠結(jié)局及相關(guān)因素分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2013, 93(35): 2816-2819.
[1]SONG G H, ZHANG S Y, LI B J, et al. Influencing factors of reproduction status of patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy[J]. Nat Med J China, 2013, 93(35): 2816-2819.Chinese
[2]LEVINE D J, BERMAN J M, HARRIS M, et al. Sensitivity of myoma imaging using laparoscopic ultrasound compared with magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasound[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2013, 20(6): 770-774.
[3]李銀鳳, 劉改文, 高麗麗, 等. 改良雙孔腹壁皮下懸吊式腹腔鏡下子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)臨床分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2014, 94(11):852-854.
[3]LI Y F, LIU G W, GAO L L, et al. Clinical study of gasless abdominal-wall lifting laparoscopic myomectomy with 5 mm laparoscope[J]. Nat Med J China, 2014, 94 (11): 852-854. Chinese
[4]NIEUWENHUIS L L, BETJES H E, HEHENKAMP W J K, et al.The use of 3D power Doppler ultrasound in the quantification of blood vessels in uterine fibroids: feasibility and reproducibility[J].J Clin Ultrasound, 2015, 43(3): 171-178.
[5]李斯靜, 李曉菲, 張娟, 等. 腹腔鏡超聲輔助子宮肌瘤剔除術(shù)的臨床應(yīng)用[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2016, 96(33): 2652-2654.
[5]LI S J, LI X F, ZHANG J, et al. Clinical value of assisted laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopic myomectomy[J]. Nat Med J China, 2016, 96(33): 2652-2654. Chinese
[6]SIEDHOFF M T, WHEELER S B, RUTSTEIN S E, et al.Laparoscopic hysterectomy with morcellation vs abdominal hysterectomy for presumed fibroid tumors in premenopausal women: a decision analysis[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2015, 212(5):591. e1-591.e8.
[7]黃曉武, 夏恩蘭, 馬寧, 等. 宮腔鏡手術(shù)治療早期彌漫性子宮肌瘤病臨床分析[J]. 中國(guó)內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2012, 18(6): 581-584.
[7]HUANG X W, XIA E L, MA N, et al. Analysis on the surgical and reproductive outcomes of early diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis with hysteroscopic myomectomy[J]. China Journal of Endoscopy,2012, 18(6): 581-584. Chinese
[8]KR?MER B, HAHN M, TARAN F A, et al. Interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing laparoscopic radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation of uterine fibroids with laparoscopic myomectomy[J]. Int J Gynecol Obstet, 2016, 133(2): 206-211.
[9]STEWART E A. Uterine fibroids[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(17):1646-1655.
[10]BOHLMANN M K, HOELLEN F, HUNOLD P, et al. Highintensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids-potential impact on fertility and pregnancy outcome[J]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2014, 74(2): 139-145.
[11]甄小文, 吳綺霞, 馮滿歡, 等. 腹腔鏡子宮動(dòng)脈阻斷聯(lián)合子宮肌瘤剔除治療子宮肌瘤的臨床分析[J]. 中國(guó)內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2011,17(11): 1142-1146.
[11]ZHEN X W, WU Q X, FENG M H, et al. Clinical analysis of treatment for uterine myoma by uterine artery occlusion combined with laparoscopic myomectomy[J]. China Journal of Endoscopy, 2011, 17(11): 1142-1146. Chinese
[12]侍立峰, 吳巖, 李彩云, 等. 經(jīng)腹超聲引導(dǎo)與腹腔鏡下射頻治療子宮肌瘤的對(duì)比分析[J]. 中國(guó)內(nèi)鏡雜志, 2014, 20(8): 828-831.
[12]SHI L F, WU Y, LI C Y, et al. A contrastive analysis: suprapubic sonographically guided trancervical radio frequency ablation and laparoscope guided radio frequency ablation on hysteromyoma[J].China Journal of Endoscopy, 2014, 20(8): 828-831. Chinese
[13]WANG F, TANG L, WANG L, et al. Ultrasound-guided highintensity focused ultrasound vs laparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomas[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol,2014, 21(2): 279-284.
[14]MACER J A. For uterine-sparing fibroid treatment, consider laparoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation[J].Current Psychiatry, 2013, 25(11): 50-54.
[15]PULANIC T K, VENKATESAN A M, SEGARS J, et al. Vaginal pessary for uterine repositioning during high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine leiomyomas[J]. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 2016, 81(3): 285-288.
[16]LIENG M, BERNER E, BUSUND B. Risk of morcellation of uterine leiomyosarcomas in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and laparoscopic myomectomy, a retrospective trial including 4791 women[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2015,22(3): 410-414.
[17]KONG C Y, MENG L, OMER Z B, et al. MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery for uterine fibroid treatment: a costeffectiveness analysis[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2014, 203(2):361-371.
Application of laparoscopic ultrasonography assistance in minimally invasive surgery for patients with uterine fibroids
Wen-dan Xue, Kong-li Xing, Xiao-qing Li
(Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Haikou, Hainan 571199, China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of laparoscopic ultrasonography assistance in minimally invasive surgery for uterine leiomyoma patients and provide scientific basis for reducing the recurrence rate of uterine leiomyoma.Methods156 cases of uterine leiomyoma from January 2011 to June 2014 were divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table method, 78 cases in each. The control group were treated with conventional laparoscopic surgery, while the observation group with laparoscopic ultrasonography assistance,then compare the postoperative residue, recurrence in 12 months at different time points and the number of fibroids diameter, analyze the relationship between number of uterine muscle tumor and residual recurrence.ResultsThere were no significant differences in operation time, blood loss, length of hospital stay and anal exhaust time between the two groups. The proportion of patients in the observation group and the recurrence rate within 12 months were significantly lower than those in the control group, the number of uterine leiomyomas in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after operation. The patients in the two groups were followed up for 3 months and 6 months the maximum diameter of uterine leiomyoma was not statistically significant, the observation group 9 months and 12 months after the maximum diameter of uterine fibroids was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant; with the patient’s uterine muscle the number of residual tumor and the recurrence rate were significantly increased.When the number of uterine leiomyomas was 10 or more, the residual rate was 100.0% and the recurrence rate was 80.0%.ConclusionLaparoscopic ultrasonography assistance in minimally invasive surgery for patients with uterine fibroids can effectively reduce the postoperative residual rate and recurrence rate, worthy of clinical promotion.
uterine fibroids; ultrasound; laparoscopy; minimally invasive surgery
R713.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.11.010
1007-1989(2017)11-0046-05
2017-03-19
(曾文軍 編輯)