王德華,吾建香,嚴(yán)志龍
(1.浙江衢化醫(yī)院 普外科,浙江 衢化 324004;2.浙江省寧波市第一醫(yī)院 普外科,浙江 寧波 315010)
遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者行微創(chuàng)手術(shù)結(jié)合三角吻合的長期預(yù)后研究*
王德華1,吾建香1,嚴(yán)志龍2
(1.浙江衢化醫(yī)院 普外科,浙江 衢化 324004;2.浙江省寧波市第一醫(yī)院 普外科,浙江 寧波 315010)
目的探討全腹腔鏡下遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)(TLDG)加三角吻合(DA)治療遠(yuǎn)端胃癌的長期療效。方法回顧性收集2014年1月-2016年4月于浙江衢化醫(yī)院行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)治療的128例遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)手術(shù)方式的不同,分為TLDG加DA治療組(DA組,72例)和腹腔鏡輔助下遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)(LADG)加管狀吻合(TA)治療組(TA組56例)。記錄兩組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、拆線時間、術(shù)后排氣時間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目、住院時間和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。采用電話隨訪的形式每個月定期隨訪,隨訪截至2017年4月。結(jié)果DA組術(shù)中出血量(55.6±12.5)ml和術(shù)后排氣時間(2.5±1.0)d均明顯低于TA組的(85.6±15.8)ml和(4.5±1.5)d,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),兩組手術(shù)時間、拆線時間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目和住院時間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。DA組吻合口狹窄(0.00%)、吻合口瘺(0.00%)和吻合口出血(0.00%)發(fā)生率明顯低于TA組的7.14%、8.93%和7.14%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。DA組全部獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時間16~62個月,16例患者死于腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,累積生存率77.78%。TA組全部獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時間15~61個月,14例患者死于腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,累積生存率75.00%。DA組和TA組累積生存率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論在遠(yuǎn)端胃癌的治療中,與LADG加TA相比,采用TLDG加DA近期療效存在一定的優(yōu)勢,但兩者遠(yuǎn)期療效相當(dāng)。
遠(yuǎn)端胃癌;腹腔鏡;三角吻合;管狀吻合
胃癌是消化系統(tǒng)常見的惡性腫瘤,其死亡率占惡性腫瘤的首位,隨著人們飲食習(xí)慣的轉(zhuǎn)變,大量食用燒烤、辛辣等刺激性食物,以及都市人生活節(jié)奏的加快,飲食的無規(guī)律性,都可導(dǎo)致胃癌的發(fā)病[1]。目前,外科手術(shù)治療仍然是胃癌的主要治療手段。在擬行胃大部切除術(shù)時,胃癌患者完成手術(shù)的質(zhì)量對患者預(yù)后改善情況和生活質(zhì)量均有重要的影響,選擇合理的手術(shù)方式十分必要。隨著微創(chuàng)醫(yī)學(xué)的飛速發(fā)展,腹腔鏡下胃癌根治術(shù)已成為當(dāng)前臨床上常用的一種手術(shù)治療方法,與常規(guī)開腹手術(shù)相比,該手術(shù)方式具有術(shù)后疼痛較輕、安全系數(shù)高和術(shù)后恢復(fù)快等特點(diǎn)[2]。以往由于全腹腔鏡下消化道重建技術(shù)難度大,對術(shù)者具有較高的要求,采用較多的是腹腔鏡輔助下遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)(laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy,LADG),該手術(shù)方式仍然需要7 cm左右的輔助切口[3]。2002年KANAYA首次報到了全腹腔鏡下遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)(totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,TLDG) 結(jié)合三角吻合術(shù)(delta-shaped anastomosis,DA),在很大程度上降低了TLDG的難度,具有操作簡單,創(chuàng)傷小的優(yōu)點(diǎn)[4]。我院自2013年以來開展了TLDG加DA術(shù),取得了良好的效果。本研究現(xiàn)將浙江衢化醫(yī)院2014年1月-2016年4月采用TLDG加DA術(shù)治療和LADG加管狀吻合(tubular anastomosis,TA)術(shù)治療的患者臨床資料回顧性分析,旨在探討DA在遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治手術(shù)中的安全性和可行性。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較Table 1 Comparison of general information between the two groups
回顧性分析2014年1月-2016年4月于我院行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)治療的128例遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)手術(shù)方式的不同,分為TLDG加DA治療組(DA組,72例)和LADG加TA治療組(TA組56例)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前均經(jīng)胃鏡檢查確診為惡性腫瘤;術(shù)后病理證實為胃癌;未發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。排除肝腎功能不全、心肺功能障礙及血液系統(tǒng)疾病者。本研究通過我院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)通過。兩組患者一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2.1 DA組 患者取平臥位,氣管插管全身麻醉,常規(guī)建立氣腹,并于于患者左腋前線肋緣下2 cm置入套管針(12 mm)作為主操作孔,在左、右鎖骨中線下平肚臍、右腋前線肋緣下插入套管針(5 mm)為輔助操作孔,在臍孔下緣置入套管針(10 mm)作為觀察孔。在腹腔鏡引導(dǎo)下實施腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù),超聲刀清掃各組淋巴結(jié),橫斷胃體組織并置于標(biāo)本袋中取出。從十二指腸后壁向幽門管稍下方向切斷十二指腸球部,切斷胃壁。在殘胃大彎側(cè)和十二指腸后壁殘端分別作6 mm小孔,直線切割閉合器張開,一側(cè)使十二指腸后壁與殘胃吻合,另一側(cè)將胃后壁向十二指腸殘端牽拉。閉合十二指腸和殘胃共同開口,沖洗腹腔,放置引流管。
1.2.2 TA組 體位、麻醉方法和套管置入位置與DA組相同。常規(guī)完成胃組織切除和淋巴結(jié)清掃后,在上腹部作5 cm輔助切口,取出手術(shù)標(biāo)本,經(jīng)腹部輔助切口采用圓形吻合器行胃十二指腸吻合。
記錄兩組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、拆線時間、術(shù)后排氣時間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目、住院時間和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。采用電話隨訪的形式每月定期隨訪,隨訪截至2017年4月??偵鏁r間指術(shù)后至死亡或末次隨訪時間。以隨訪終點(diǎn)計算累計生存率。
統(tǒng)計分析所有資料采用SPSS 18.0進(jìn)行分析處理。計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,計量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示并行t檢驗。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
DA組術(shù)中出血量和術(shù)后排氣時間分別為(55.6±12.5)ml和(2.5±1.0)d,均明顯低于 TA組的(85.6±15.8)ml和(4.5±1.5)d,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),兩組手術(shù)時間、拆線時間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目和住院時間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
DA組燒心2例(2.78%)和反酸3例(4.17%),無切口感染、吻合口狹窄、吻合口瘺和吻合口出血,TA組切口感染1例(1.79%)、吻合口狹窄4例(7.14%)、吻合口瘺5例(8.93%)、吻合口出血4例(7.14%)、燒心2例(3.57%)和反酸2例(3.57%),DA組吻合口狹窄、吻合口瘺和吻合口出血發(fā)生率明顯低于TA組(P<0.05)。見表3。
DA組全部獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時間16~62個月,16例患者死于腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,累積生存率77.78%。TA組全部獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時間15~61個月,14例患者死于腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移,累積生存率75.00%。DA組和TA組累積生存率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見附圖。
表2 兩組圍術(shù)期指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of perioperative indicators between the two groups (±s)
表2 兩組圍術(shù)期指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of perioperative indicators between the two groups (±s)
組別 手術(shù)時間/min 術(shù)中出血量/ml 術(shù)后排氣時間/d 淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目/個 拆線時間/d 住院時間/d DA 組(n =72) 175.6±35.1 55.6±12.5 2.5±1.0 25.6±3.8 6.5±2.0 10.5±3.2 TA 組(n =56) 168.7±25.7 85.6±15.8 4.5±1.5 26.2±5.2 6.8±1.9 11.2±3.5 t值 0.75 2.31 2.37 0.49 0.56 0.51 P值 0.151 0.038 0.029 0.307 0.276 0.301
表3 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 例(%)Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups n(%)
附圖 兩組Kaplan-Meier生存曲線的比較Attached fig. Comparison of two Kaplan-Meier survival curves
胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程是一個多階段、多因素、多步驟的過程。目前,一般認(rèn)為胃癌發(fā)生發(fā)展過程為慢性淺表性胃炎、慢性萎縮性胃炎、胃黏膜腸上皮化生、胃黏膜不典型增生,最終發(fā)生胃癌[5]。胃癌的惡性程度高,早期手術(shù)切除能改善癥狀,提高患者生活質(zhì)量。自從1994年腹腔鏡手術(shù)問世以來,腹腔鏡手術(shù)逐漸被廣泛接受,逐漸取代開腹手術(shù)[6]。除了具有眾多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外,LADG也存在一定的不足,如吻合不確切、標(biāo)本受擠壓和吻合口撕裂等[7-8]。TLDG雖然在一定程度上解決了部分小切口吻合的弊端,但對其安全性還存在爭議。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,DA組術(shù)中出血量和術(shù)后排氣時間均明顯低于TA組(P<0.05),兩組手術(shù)時間、拆線時間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目和住院時間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明與LADG加TA相比,遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)中采用TLDG加DA,具有更少的術(shù)中出血量和更短的術(shù)后排氣時間,近期療效存在一定的優(yōu)勢,且術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更低。目前,關(guān)于TLDG加DA是否存在近期的優(yōu)勢尚無定論。馬松林等[9]報道稱,全腹腔鏡下三角吻合在遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)中效果優(yōu)于腹腔鏡輔助Brillroth Ⅰ式吻合,具體體現(xiàn)在手術(shù)時間更短、術(shù)中出血量少和利于患者術(shù)后康復(fù)等。而李釗等[10]報道稱,在近期療效和安全性上,全腔鏡下三角吻合術(shù)和腹腔鏡輔助胃癌根治無明顯差異。但總體來說,TLDG加DA具有以下幾個優(yōu)勢[11-13]:①能有效降低手術(shù)難度,全鏡下操作降低了腔鏡器械與普通手術(shù)器械的轉(zhuǎn)換,有利于降低感染發(fā)生率;②由于該手術(shù)方式完全在腹腔鏡下完成,取出樣本時只需要擴(kuò)大臍部切口,在一定程度上降低了創(chuàng)傷或并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率;③三角形的吻合口更牢固,具有更高的抗張能力;④由于三角吻合術(shù)血供方向平行于縫釘線或成銳角,有利于降低吻合口出血的風(fēng)險。
同時,本研究對兩種術(shù)式治療患者進(jìn)行長達(dá)5年的隨訪,對比TLDG加DA治療和LADG加TA治療患者的遠(yuǎn)期生存狀況,數(shù)據(jù)顯示,DA組累積生存率77.78%,TA組累積生存率75.00%,DA組和TA組累積生存率比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明LADG采用DA與TA遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后相當(dāng)。LEE等[14]報道稱,對138例遠(yuǎn)端胃癌患者進(jìn)行5年期隨訪,認(rèn)為DA與傳統(tǒng)畢Ⅰ式吻合在腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃切除術(shù)中5年生存率相當(dāng),但其仍然推薦DA作為遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)的首選消化道重建方式,尤其是在完全腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃切除術(shù)中,這與本文結(jié)果一致。
但是也應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到DA存在一定的局限性,如要求位于遠(yuǎn)端早期胃癌、腫瘤局限、無轉(zhuǎn)移擴(kuò)散和T2N0M0以下等。研究顯示,DA對于技術(shù)具有較高的要求,尤其全鏡下操作對術(shù)者技術(shù)要求較高,但DA的學(xué)習(xí)曲線表明一旦掌握了技術(shù)要點(diǎn)可大大降低操作難度,相應(yīng)的手術(shù)時間也可有效縮短[15-16]。
綜上所述,在遠(yuǎn)端胃癌的治療中,與LADG加TA相比,采用TLDG加DA近期療效存在一定的優(yōu)勢,但兩者遠(yuǎn)期療效相當(dāng)。臨床治療時,可根據(jù)患者的臨床特點(diǎn)選擇適合的手術(shù)方式,筆者推薦優(yōu)先考慮全腹腔鏡下DA。
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Long-term prognosis of patients with distal gastric cancer underwent minimally invasive surgery combined with delta-shaped anastomosis*
De-hua Wang1, Jian-xiang Wu1, Zhi-long Yan2
(1.Department of General Surgery, Quhua Hospital, Quhua, Zhejiang 324004, China; 2.Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term efficacy of total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy combined with delta-shaped anastomosis in treatment of distal gastric cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 128 patients with distal gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy from January 2014 to April 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the different surgical methods, patients were divided into TLDG plus DA treatment group (DA group, 72 cases) and LADG plus TA treatment group (TA group, 56 cases). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, disconnection time, postoperative exhaust time, lymph node dissection,hospitalization time and postoperative complications were recorded. Patients were followed up monthly by call, to April 2017.ResultsThe blood loss [(55.6 ± 12.5) vs (85.6 ± 15.8) ml]and postoperative exhaust time [(2.5 ± 1.0)vs (4.5 ± 1.5) d]were significantly lower in the DA group than that in TA group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the operation time, the removal time, the number of lymph node dissection and the hospitalization time (P> 0.05). The incidence of anastomotic stenosis (0.00% vs 7.14%), anastomotic fistula (0.00% vs 8.93%) and anastomotic bleeding (0.00% vs 7.14%) in DA group was significantly lower than that in TA group (P< 0.05). All the patients were followed up for 16 to 62 months in DA group. 16 patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis, and the cumulative survival rate was 77.78%. TA group were all effective followup, the follow-up time of 15 to 61 months, 14 patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis, the cumulative survival rate of 75.00%. There was no significant difference in cumulative survival rate between DA group and TA group (P> 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of distal gastric cancer, there is a certain advantage in the effect of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy plus delta-shaped anastomosis in the treatment of distal gastric cancer over tubular anastomosis.
distal gastric cancer; laparoscopy; delta-shaped anastomosis; tubular anastomosis
R735.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.11.002
1007-1989(2017)11-0005-05
2017-05-15
浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生科技計劃(No:2016153800)
嚴(yán)志龍,E-mail:ymx8133335@163.com;Tel:13989314806
王德華曾在寧波市第一醫(yī)院進(jìn)修
(吳靜 編輯)