蘇 莉, 于澎靜, 夏 林
(江蘇省揚(yáng)中市人民醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科, 江蘇 揚(yáng)中, 212200)
宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變Ⅰ與人類乳頭狀病毒感染型別的關(guān)系
蘇 莉, 于澎靜, 夏 林
(江蘇省揚(yáng)中市人民醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科, 江蘇 揚(yáng)中, 212200)
目的評(píng)價(jià)揚(yáng)中地區(qū)宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變Ⅰ(CINⅠ)患者人類乳頭狀病毒(HPV)持續(xù)感染及消退型別特異性。方法選擇116例確診為CINⅠ的患者。分析患者HPV分型,每4個(gè)月隨訪TCT、HPV檢測(cè),記錄HPV持續(xù)感染及消退時(shí)間。結(jié)果高危HPV中, HPV53(n=33)是最常見(jiàn)的亞型,其次分別是HPV52(n=25)、HPV68(n=22)、HPV66(n=20)、HPV16(n=14)。HPV多重感染常見(jiàn), 78例(67.2%)多重感染, 38例(32.8%)單一感染。多重感染中,雙重感染最常見(jiàn)(n=36,46.2%), 其次是三重感染(n=28,35.9%)、四重感染(n=10,12.8%)、五重感染(n=3, 3.8%)。10種最常見(jiàn)高危HPV中HPV16自行消退時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),平均為10.3月。結(jié)論揚(yáng)中地區(qū)CINⅠ患者中HPV16是最常見(jiàn)的持續(xù)感染亞型。
宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變; 人類乳頭狀病毒; 基因型別
目前人類乳頭狀病毒(HPV)型別超過(guò)80種,進(jìn)一步分為高危型及低危型,低危型與生殖道尖銳濕疣有關(guān),高危型與浸潤(rùn)性宮頸癌有關(guān)。持續(xù)性高危HPV感染是宮頸上皮內(nèi)瘤變(CIN)、浸潤(rùn)性宮頸癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要病因。本研究探討揚(yáng)中地區(qū)CINⅠ患者HPV持續(xù)感染及消退型別的特異性,分析CINⅠ與HPV感染型別關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料
選擇2009年1月—2013年12月?lián)P中市人民醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)確診為CINⅠ的患者138例,回顧性分析所有患者HPV分型,去除妊娠者、此前宮頸手術(shù)者,毎4個(gè)月隨訪TCT、HPV,檢測(cè)必要時(shí)行陰道鏡檢查及組織活檢。記錄HPV持續(xù)感染及消退時(shí)間。138例患者中, 22例因隨訪時(shí)間少于8個(gè)月剔除。共入組116例患者,平均隨訪時(shí)間16個(gè)月,一般情況見(jiàn)表1。
表1 11例患者一般資料分析[n(%)]
1.2 方法
取樣避開(kāi)月經(jīng)期, 3 d內(nèi)沒(méi)有陰道內(nèi)用藥或沖洗, 24 h內(nèi)無(wú)性生活; 擴(kuò)陰器充分暴露宮頸,棉拭子擦去宮頸口過(guò)多的分泌物,宮頸刷在宮頸口順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)3~5圈,取出放入專用HPV采樣管中; 4℃保存,在2周內(nèi)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。HPV-DNA分型測(cè)定采用深圳亞能生物技術(shù)有限公司提供的HPV基因分型檢測(cè)試劑盒。
通過(guò)提取臨床樣本病毒DNA,經(jīng)過(guò)PCR-反向點(diǎn)雜交法、診斷脫落細(xì)胞標(biāo)本中的23種HPV病毒DNA分子的存在。23種常見(jiàn)型別精確分型檢測(cè)包括, 17種高危型別: HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、53、56、58、59、66、68、73、82; 6種低危型別: HPV6、11、42、43、81、83。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)中部分采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)描述的方法,計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 HPV各亞型分布情況
所有23種HPV亞型分布情況見(jiàn)圖1。高危HPV中, HPV53(n=33)是最常見(jiàn)的亞型,其次分別是HPV52(n=25)、HPV68(n=22)、HPV66(n=20)、HPV16(n=14); 低危HPV中, HPV81(n=27)是最常見(jiàn)的亞型。HPV多重感染常見(jiàn), 78例(67.2%)多重感染, 38例(32.8%)單一感染。多重感染中,雙重感染最常見(jiàn)(n=36, 46.2%), 其次是三重感染(n=28, 35.9%)、四重感染(n=10, 12.8%)、五重感染(n=3, 3.8%)。>五重感染僅1例(1.3%)。
圖1 HPV高危類型的例數(shù)
2.2 高危HPV各亞型自然轉(zhuǎn)歸
10種最常見(jiàn)高危HPV消退的平均時(shí)間見(jiàn)圖2,其中HPV16自行消退時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),平均為10.3月,伴隨HPV自然消退的過(guò)程常有病變的清除。共13例出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞學(xué)或病理的升級(jí)。10例出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞學(xué)升級(jí),其中6例從未明確診斷意義的不典型鱗狀上皮細(xì)胞(ASCUS)進(jìn)展為低度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)瘤變(LSIL), 2例從正常進(jìn)展為L(zhǎng)SIL, 1例從正常進(jìn)展為高度鱗狀上皮內(nèi)瘤變(HSIL); 3例出現(xiàn)病理的升級(jí),其中2例進(jìn)展為CINⅢ, 1例進(jìn)展為CINⅡ。
圖2 不同HPV類型的平均消退時(shí)間
本研究觀察了揚(yáng)中地區(qū)CINⅠ患者HPV持續(xù)感染及消退型別特異性。以往有研究[1-3]報(bào)道了HPV感染與CIN及浸潤(rùn)性宮頸癌之間的關(guān)系,但對(duì)于HPV的認(rèn)識(shí)還不全面,這些研究的局限性在于存在很多影響結(jié)果的可變因素,如不同國(guó)家、不同地區(qū)宮頸癌發(fā)病率存在地理差異性,還有HPV感染的個(gè)體易感性。
與以往報(bào)道不同,本研究顯示揚(yáng)中地區(qū)CINⅠ患者HPV53、52、68為最常見(jiàn)感染亞型。一項(xiàng)世界范圍內(nèi)的Meta分析[4-6]顯示, 70%浸潤(rùn)性宮頸癌與HPV16(55%)及18(15%)有關(guān),其次是HPV31、33、45、52、58。亞洲人中感染HPV58、52更易發(fā)展為浸潤(rùn)性宮頸癌, HPV58、52在中國(guó)、日本等亞洲國(guó)家有較高的檢出,而在世界其他地區(qū)很少或者沒(méi)有檢出[7-9]。
本研究中HPV53為最常見(jiàn)感染亞型,但HPV16是最常見(jiàn)的持續(xù)感染亞型。HPV感染常無(wú)臨床癥狀,平均持續(xù)時(shí)間為8~12個(gè)月,其中低危型平均清除時(shí)間為5~6個(gè)月,高危型平均清除時(shí)間為8~14個(gè)月, 50%~90%的HPV感染可在數(shù)月至2年內(nèi)被機(jī)體清除,而HPV16或18型持續(xù)感染的時(shí)間會(huì)更長(zhǎng)[10]。在前瞻性研究[11]中, HPV16更多表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)感染,較其他高危HPV更易進(jìn)展為CINⅢ。Meta分析[12]顯示HPV16、58、18是高級(jí)別病變中常見(jiàn)的3個(gè)亞型, 62%的高級(jí)別病變、31.4%的低級(jí)別病變與這些亞型有關(guān)。這些結(jié)果提示HPV亞型檢測(cè)在高危HPV導(dǎo)致的CINⅠ中具有進(jìn)一步分流意義,對(duì)于持續(xù)HPV16陽(yáng)性的CINⅠ需要重視。本研究顯示HPV多重感染常見(jiàn),特別是雙重感染(46.2%)。沒(méi)有確切的證據(jù)能夠表明是否一種HPV感染后更易繼發(fā)第二種HPV感染[13-14]。有報(bào)道[15]顯示HPV16、18感染者較未感染者繼發(fā)感染HPV58的可能性要高出7倍。本研究樣本量較少、隨訪時(shí)間相對(duì)較短,但是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示高危HPV各亞型之間存在差別,對(duì)CINⅠ的臨床治療有一定意義。
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CorrelationbetweencervicalintraepithelialneoplasiaⅠandtypeofhumanpapillomavirusinfection
SULi,YUPengjing,XIALin
(DepartmentofGynecologyandObstetrics,YangzhongPeople′sHospital,Yangzhong,Jiangsu, 212200)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the specificity of continuous infection and decline of type of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaⅠ (CINⅠ) in Yangzhong area.MethodsA total of 116 patients with CINⅠwere selected. HPV typing was analyzed, and TCT and HPV were followed up every 4 months. The duration of HPV infection and regression time were recorded.ResultsIn the cases with high-risk HPV, HPV53 (n=33) was the most common subtype, and followed by HPV52 (n=25), HPV68 (n=22), HPV66 (n=20) and HPV16 (n=14). Multiple infections were common in HPV infection, including multiple infection in 78 cases (67.2%), and single infection in 38 cases (32.8%). In the multiple infections, dual infection was the most common type (n=36, 46.2%), followed by triple infections (n=28, 35.9%), four infections (n=10, 12.8%), and five infections (n=3, 3.8%). The HPV16 regression time was the longest in the ten most common high-risk HPV, with an average of 10.3 months.ConclusionHPV 16 is the most common persistent HPV genotypes in women with CINⅠin Yangzhong area.
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus; genotype
R 711.74
A
1672-2353(2017)21-052-03
10.7619/jcmp.201721015
2017-05-07
江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市社會(huì)發(fā)展指導(dǎo)性項(xiàng)目(FZ2015058)