李燕+何怡剛+尹柏強(qiáng)

摘 要：針對(duì)復(fù)雜電磁環(huán)境定性分析和定量分級(jí)問題，提出基于廣義S變換與PNN（概率神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度評(píng)估方法.應(yīng)用廣義S變換對(duì)電磁環(huán)境中受干擾的樣本信號(hào)進(jìn)行時(shí)頻分析，同步提取時(shí)頻域時(shí)域占用度，頻域占用度和能量占用度評(píng)估參數(shù)，分析了各參數(shù)的物理意義，并給出了各評(píng)估參數(shù)的計(jì)算公式.同時(shí)增加頻率重合度、調(diào)制格式相似度和背景噪聲強(qiáng)度等評(píng)估參數(shù)，利用獲取的參數(shù)訓(xùn)練PNN，并進(jìn)行分類.仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證明基于廣義S變換與PNN的電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度評(píng)估方法在背景噪聲大、訓(xùn)練樣本數(shù)少的條件下能有效提取評(píng)估參數(shù)，并對(duì)電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度進(jìn)行有效合理評(píng)估.

關(guān)鍵詞：電磁環(huán)境；復(fù)雜度；評(píng)估；S變換；PNN

中圖分類號(hào)： TM937 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

Electromagnetic Environment Complex Evaluation Based onS-transform and PNN

LI Yan1，HE Yigang1，2 ，YIN Baiqiang2

（1 .College of Electrical and Information Engineering ，Hunan University ，Changsha 410082，China；

2.School of Electrical Engineering and Automation，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230009，China；）

Abstract：For electromagnetic environment complex evaluation，a novel evaluation method was proposed based on S-transform and probabilistic neural network （PNN）. S-transform was applied to perform time-frequency analysis on the electromagnetic environment disturbance samples，the evaluation parameters such as time occupation，frequency occupation and energy occupation of the samples were extracted synchronously，physical interpretation of each parameter was analyzed，and the calculation formulas of them were shown. At the same time，frequency coincidence，modulation similarity and background noise intensity were selected as important evaluation indicators. These parameters were then used to train a PNN which was adopted to evaluate environmental complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed method has integrity of parameter extraction and relatively high evaluation accuracy，and it can also give excellent evaluation for high level noises background and small training set.

Key words：electromagnetic environment；complexity；evaluation；S-transform；probability neural network

電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度是指在一定時(shí)間、一定空間內(nèi)，電磁信號(hào)交集的復(fù)雜程度.電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度定性和定量分級(jí)是有效應(yīng)對(duì)電磁雜波干擾、正確指揮決策、信息化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的基礎(chǔ).美國學(xué)者Tetley等人首次提出了基于數(shù)學(xué)模型的電磁環(huán)境分析預(yù)測(cè)方法，從數(shù)學(xué)分析角度給出了電磁環(huán)境的基本模型[1].目前，國內(nèi)對(duì)電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度研究主要以“四域法”為基礎(chǔ).文獻(xiàn)[2]提出用于描述戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)電磁環(huán)境“四域”特征指標(biāo)，并給出具體指標(biāo)計(jì)算方法.文獻(xiàn)[3]提出了一種基于層次分析方法（AHP）的電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度評(píng)估方法，細(xì)化了評(píng)估指標(biāo)，明確了評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參數(shù)，確定標(biāo)度準(zhǔn)則.文獻(xiàn)[4]提出一種基于D-S證據(jù)的評(píng)估方法，采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)法將定性的參數(shù)問題轉(zhuǎn)為定量描述.文獻(xiàn)[5]引入多元聯(lián)系數(shù)，構(gòu)建了電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度綜合評(píng)估方法，權(quán)值的設(shè)定根據(jù)均分原則.文獻(xiàn)[6]在四域法的基礎(chǔ)上增加了異動(dòng)信號(hào)率作為評(píng)估指標(biāo)，采用模糊推理系統(tǒng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估.上述評(píng)估法存在以下不足：首先，特征參數(shù)時(shí)間占用度、頻率占用度和能量占用度作為三個(gè)獨(dú)立的參數(shù)分別進(jìn)行計(jì)算，獨(dú)立的參數(shù)測(cè)量計(jì)算對(duì)系統(tǒng)的評(píng)估會(huì)造成較大的誤差[6].其次，采用專家系統(tǒng)及模糊規(guī)則對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)的依賴性強(qiáng)，具有一定的主觀性且自適應(yīng)性較差[7].第三，忽略了評(píng)估對(duì)象，評(píng)估對(duì)象執(zhí)行效能的好壞才是評(píng)價(jià)電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度的最終指標(biāo)[8].

針對(duì)這些問題，本文提出基于廣義S變換[9]和概率神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)[10]的電磁環(huán)境評(píng)估方法.利用廣義S變換在時(shí)頻域內(nèi)同步提取時(shí)域占用度、頻域占用度和能量占用度指標(biāo)，同時(shí)，增加頻率重合度、調(diào)制方式和背景噪聲強(qiáng)度等對(duì)系統(tǒng)影響較大的評(píng)估指標(biāo)，采用自適應(yīng)PNN方法，對(duì)電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜度進(jìn)行評(píng)估.

1 廣義S變換域時(shí)頻參數(shù)的提取endprint