李 威,文志剛,徐耀輝,朱翠山,高永亮
(1.長江大學 資源與環(huán)境學院,長江大學油氣資源與勘探技術教育部重點實驗室,湖北 武漢 430100;2.中國石油 勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)
重排藿烷參數示蹤隴東地區(qū)油藏充注途徑
李 威1,2,文志剛1,徐耀輝1,朱翠山1,高永亮1
(1.長江大學 資源與環(huán)境學院,長江大學油氣資源與勘探技術教育部重點實驗室,湖北 武漢 430100;2.中國石油 勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)
重排藿烷/藿烷比值;充注途徑;長7油層組;隴東地區(qū);鄂爾多斯盆地
重排藿烷類化合物在地質體中廣泛分布于烴源巖與原油中,是飽和烴生物標志化合物的重要組成部分。重排藿烷類是指與正常藿烷有相同的碳環(huán)骨架,而甲基側鏈碳位有所不同的一類生物標志物,在烴源巖和原油中存在多種同系物。目前被檢測和確認的有4種類型,分別為18α(H)-新藿烷、17α(H)-重排藿烷、21-甲基-28-降藿烷和早洗脫重排藿烷,其中17α(H)-重排藿烷系列與18α(H)-新藿烷系列在地質體中分布廣泛[1-4]。
在近幾年對鄂爾多斯盆地地質、地化研究的基礎上,選擇延長組致密油發(fā)育段,探索運用重排藿烷參數示蹤原油的充注運移途徑,以期展示重排藿烷在運移研究方面的應用前景。
隴東地區(qū)位于鄂爾多斯盆地西南部,構造平緩,以巖性圈閉油藏為主,其中致密油主要發(fā)育于延長組長6—長8段。本次研究不僅收集和調研前人所做的部分資料,同時大量采集烴源巖和原油樣品,其中有針對性地采集了延長組長3—長9油層組的14塊泥巖樣品,采集的40個原油樣品主要來自長7油層組。在對源巖進行熱解分析的同時,對原油、烴源巖進行族組分分離、飽和烴氣相色譜-質譜定量分析及芳烴氣相色譜-質譜分析等多項分析測試。分析測試由長江大學油氣資源與勘探技術教育部重點實驗室完成。
進一步分析族組分中的芳烴結構,通過色譜-質譜實驗檢查出的230余種芳香烴系列化合物,主要為8個系列,包括萘系列、菲系列、系列、二苯并噻吩系列、聯(lián)苯系列、二苯并呋喃系列、芴系列和三芳甾烷系列化合物。對于芳烴中的含硫類化合物,王鐵冠[15]認為含硫芳烴類化合物主要為烷基二苯并噻吩類(DBTs)雜環(huán)化合物。DBTs分子參數研究應用較成熟,國內外絕大多數研究者都用來作為成熟度參數,Connan等人[16]和Radke[17]定義了“甲基二苯并噻吩(MDBT)比值”(MDR=4-MDBT/1-MDBT),作為有效的成熟度參數,MDR參數既適用于石油熱演化作用早、中期的低成熟-成熟階段0,又可應用于晚期的高成熟-過成熟階段。對于DBTs的影響因素,前人研究認為有機質類型和沉積環(huán)境等因素對DBTs類豐度以及其成熟度參數MDR等有影響[15,18]。結合上文分析豐度和MDR均受沉積-有機相的影響。同時圖2b顯示,源巖中原始重排藿烷/C30藿烷)參數與成熟度參數Ts/Tm變化趨勢極為相似,正相關性明顯,表明比值與MDR比值類似,在成熟度方面也有顯著的應用效果。這一點前人做過諸多研究,一致認為重排藿烷類化合物相對豐度在成熟-高成熟階段與熱成熟作用更為密切[11],即參數在影響因素及在成熟度方面的顯著效果都與DBTs類分子參數MDR相似。分析二苯并噻吩系列中化合物豐度及各類參數與重排藿烷的關系(圖2b)可以看出重排藿烷/C30藿烷)參數與MDR參數相關性最好。這表明,縱然兩種化合物的分子結構不同,當烴源巖處于成熟-高成熟階段時,兩參數在應用方面可能具有相同的屬性和意義。
圖1 隴東地區(qū)烴源巖及原油樣品m/z 191 質量色譜Fig.1 m/z 191 mass chromatograms of source rock extracts and crude samples from Longdong areaX.早洗脫重排藿烷;重排藿烷;重排藿烷;C30 H.C30藿烷;C29 Ts.C29降新藿烷;Ts.C27三降新藿烷;Tm.C27三降藿烷
圖2 隴東地區(qū)源巖地球化學剖面Fig.2 Geochemical profiles of source rocks from Longdong area重排藿烷;重排藿烷;C29Ts.C29降新藿烷;Ts.C27三降新藿烷;Tm.C27三降藿烷;F.芴;SF.二苯并噻吩;OF.二苯并呋喃;MDR.4-MDBT/1-MDBT,甲基二苯并噻吩比值
2.2.1 原油族群劃分
油藏充注機理是建立在England[19]提出的油藏充注模式的基礎上的,依據油藏內部原油成熟度的微細變化,可以表征石油運移與油藏充注的途徑:在一個油藏/油田或者一個含油氣區(qū)帶范圍內,源自同一烴源灶的原油,先期充注的石油成熟度較后期充注的石油成熟度相對偏低,成熟度相對最高的石油分布在最接近油藏充注點的地帶。前人[20-26]研究認為,二苯并噻吩分子系由兩個苯環(huán)間夾一個五元的噻吩環(huán)所組成,對稱性的分子結構使其分子的環(huán)系具有很高的熱穩(wěn)定性與抗生物降解性,同時具有示蹤原油充注運移的屬性。MDR為甲基二苯并噻吩比值(4- MDBT/1-MDBT),利用MDR在碎屑巖油藏和碳酸鹽巖油藏中示蹤運移充注機理均得到良好的應用效果。王鐵冠等[15]依據熱穩(wěn)定性及分子氫鍵機理解釋了MDR參數作為運移示蹤參數的原理:熱穩(wěn)定性方面,4-MDBT穩(wěn)定性大于1-MDBT;氫鍵形成難易度上,4-MDBT屬于暴露型分子,氫鍵易于形成,1-MDBT屬于屏蔽型分子,氫鍵相對不易形成。因此,作為兩分子參數的比值,隨著運移距離的增長MDR值下降,這也說明了MDR是一個良好的示蹤運移的指標。
圖3 隴東地區(qū)原油地球化學成因判別Fig.3 Geochemical genesis discrimination diagrams of crude samples from Longdong areaa.C27-C28-C29規(guī)則甾烷分布三角圖;b.Pr/nC17-Ph/nC18沉積環(huán)境判別圖;c.G/C30H(伽馬蠟烷/藿烷)-升藿烷指數相關圖
圖4 隴東地區(qū)原油成熟度分布Fig.4 Maturity distribution of crude samples from Longdong areaa.C29甾烷異構體參數相關圖;b.甲基菲參數(MPI1)成熟度相關圖
圖5 藿烷系列結構Fig.5 Structures of hopane compounds
圖6 隴東地區(qū)與DBTs類分子參數相關圖Fig.6 Correlation diagrams of /C30H and DBTs molecular parameters of samples from Longdong area與MDR相關圖;與DMDBT′相關圖
圖7 隴東地區(qū)長7砂體與運移方向匹配圖Fig.7 Matching relationship between sandbodies in the seventh member of the Yanchang Formation and crude oil migration direction
致謝:承蒙長江大學包建平教授、何文祥教授、陳奇老師、宋換新老師對論文的悉心指導與諸多有益建議,一并致以誠摯謝忱!
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Hydrocarbon charging pathway tracing with rearranged hopane parameters in Longdong area,Ordos Basin
Li Wei1,2,Wen Zhigang1,Xu Yaohui1,Zhu Cuishan1,Gao Yongliang1
(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,KeyLaboratoryofExplorationTechnologiesforOilandGasResources,MinistryofEducation,YangtzeUniversity,Wuhan,Hubei430100,China; 2.PetroChinaResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development,Beijing100083,China)
rearranged hopane/hopane ratio,charging pathway,seventh member of the Yanchang Formation,Longdong area,Ordos Basin
2016-06-29;
2017-06-14。
李威(1988—),男,博士研究生,礦產普查與勘探。E-mail:liwei123456@petrochina.com.cn。
文志剛(1965—),男,博士、博士生導師,有機地球化學及石油地質學。E-mail:wzg728@sina.com。
中國石油天然氣股份有限公司科技創(chuàng)新項目(2008D-5006-01-10);中國地質調查局“中國中東部構造體系控油作用研究”項目(1212011120965)。
0253-9985(2017)05-0887-09
10.11743/ogg20170507
TE122.1
A
(編輯 李 軍)