梁春芳

【摘要】聽力和閱讀一樣都要獲取相關(guān)信息，并對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行加工、理解，其唯一的區(qū)別就是前者通過聽覺來獲取信息，后者通過視覺來獲取信息。我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)活動(dòng)中，可以通過視覺上的積累和聽覺上的刺激，以及在活動(dòng)過程中的感知和體會(huì)，使聽力能力得到有效地提高。現(xiàn)就本人在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中注意到的學(xué)生聽力的誤區(qū)和應(yīng)注意的能力部分進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】聽力 ； 誤區(qū) ； 能力

【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】B 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089（2015）15-0092-01

一、學(xué)生聽力過程中的誤區(qū)

1.聽前只看選項(xiàng)，不看題干。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間的關(guān)系，有的同學(xué)粗略的看選項(xiàng)，覺得選項(xiàng)能給自己以提示，但在聽的過程中，我們往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都會(huì)提到，怎么辦？關(guān)鍵還在題干，與題干有關(guān)的才是相關(guān)的信息。

2.聽力填空時(shí)，思維受到局限，僅盯個(gè)別詞而錯(cuò)過相關(guān)信息。例如18.When is Sarah Jones giving a talk？ At about _____ oclock on Saturday evening.學(xué)生們知道這里填一個(gè)有關(guān)時(shí)間的數(shù)字并且是整點(diǎn)，但聽得過程中會(huì)去抓oclock這個(gè)詞，而材料中是It starts eight p.m.，因而會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)過重要信息。

3.試圖聽和題干或選項(xiàng)相同的詞，或聽到與選項(xiàng)部分相同的詞會(huì)毫不猶豫的選。例如：聽力材料：

M：Right， class， therere some changes to your exam timetable.Your maths exam will be changed to the next day.

W：You mean the eighteenth？

M：Yes， and the exam will start and end one hour earlier.

題干：What are the two speakers talking about？

選項(xiàng)：A.Exam results B.Time for the exam C.change of class hours

這道題學(xué)生會(huì)誤選C，因?yàn)槠渲杏衏hange class等詞，這樣學(xué)生很容易被誤導(dǎo)。

二、學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的聽力能力

1.聽力預(yù)測(cè)能力。

⑴聽的過程中，對(duì)接下來的內(nèi)容有所預(yù)測(cè)。這就要求我們要有一定的常識(shí)，如：聽力材料W： We could go to a ball game this evening.Oh，would you rather eat in the restaurant than see a film？ W：To tell you the truth， I cant really go anywhere this evening， because I am expecting a very important phone call.

題干：Why will the woman stay home in the evening？根據(jù)常識(shí)，我們知道出于禮貌，她一定會(huì)解釋呆在家的原因。

⑵把題干和選項(xiàng)組成一個(gè)信息鏈，預(yù)測(cè)聽力的內(nèi)容和主題。良好的預(yù)測(cè)能力可以降低聽力的難度。

⑶聽力填空時(shí)，對(duì)所填信息的預(yù)測(cè)，如對(duì)所填詞的詞性進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)（有關(guān)時(shí)間，年齡等數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞等）并根據(jù)空前和空后對(duì)意思進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，這樣在聽出音時(shí)能做出快速反應(yīng)。例如，When David attended university， his major was ____.根據(jù)題所知，這兒需要一個(gè)表科目的名詞，所以當(dāng)聽到physics時(shí)，能很快做出反應(yīng)。

2.聽力理解能力。

⑴詞和短語(yǔ)的理解。例如：If people want to join the program， what should they do after the meeting？ A.Take a prsent B.Pay for the program C.Sign on a piece of paper

聽力材料：If youre interested in it，please write your name on this piece of paper after the meeting.write your name=sign.所以選C。又如：Where should Mary Clinton meet her host family？

A.In the hall B.Outside the hall C. Downstairs聽力材料：If your surname begins with the letter A to F， your host family will be waiting for you in the hall. For those names begin with G to L， you should go downstairs…要想做對(duì)這道題，材料中的surname很關(guān)鍵，它的意思是family name （姓），而且根據(jù)常識(shí)外國(guó)人的姓在后名在前，因此題干中Mary Clinton應(yīng)根據(jù)第一句來選A。

⑵對(duì)句子的理解。對(duì)句子的理解常常要注意否定詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如Not only was he interested，but he was attracted by the story. A.He was not interested in the story but he thought it attractive. B.He attracted the story because he was not interested.C.He was interested in the story and was attracted by it.句型Not only…but （also）不僅……而且……表并列，因此選C。endprint

⑶對(duì)上下文的理解。例如：Why does the man want to make changes in what has been written？

M：Id like to put an ad in the paper，please.…

W：Well ，the price depends on the length of the words， so if you want to use shorter words， that might save you some money.

M：Thats a good idea，I have everything written ort here， but Ill just check it over before I give it to you. Maybe I should use phrases instead of sentences.

從上下文我們得知這位男士想要做廣告，女士告訴他廣告的費(fèi)用取決于字?jǐn)?shù)，如果使用較少的詞可以省錢，由此我們可以推斷出男士做出修改的目的是使印刷的費(fèi)用更低。

3.聽力推斷能力。

⑴對(duì)數(shù)字的推斷，例如，I have been here since I graduated from Beijing University. Then I was twenty four， now I am fourty.題干：How many years have passed since the man graduated from the university？

⑵對(duì)人物關(guān)系的推斷。常見的題干：Whats the probable relationship between the speakers？例如：

M：Hello， its…it is Carol， isnt it？

W：Oh， Mile？ Oh， my goodness. I havent seen you for ages.

M：Nice to see you again after all these year.

聽的過程中，我們可以注意到對(duì)方能叫出名字，但又不太確定，并且表現(xiàn)出了驚訝和感嘆，以及多年沒見，可推斷出兩者可能是老同學(xué)或校友的關(guān)系。

⑶對(duì)其它的推斷?？梢詮牟牧现械哪程幓蚨嗵幘C合信息對(duì)其它內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷。例如，Where does the woman want to go？ A. An office B. A fruit shop C.A police station

M：Hello

W：Hello， Mark. Its Jane. I think Im close to your office.

……

M：Walk ahead for about two hundred metres and our office building is right across the road.

根據(jù)首尾可推斷出這位女士想要去office

“Rome was not built in a day. （羅馬之建非一日之功）”同樣，聽力能力的提高也要循序漸進(jìn)，高中生們應(yīng)努力做到：1.積累大量的詞匯，并且要英漢會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換，英英巧對(duì)應(yīng)。2.每天堅(jiān)持聽10分鐘左右，并反復(fù)地聽熟悉的材料。3.聽的時(shí)候注意模仿，在模仿的過程中，要注意弱讀、連讀等。4.具有良好的心理素質(zhì)。聽的時(shí)候切勿過度緊張，且要有耐心。5.結(jié)合常識(shí)。我相信多聽、多感知、多總結(jié)、多體會(huì)就一定有收獲。endprint