李麗,繆中緯,辛清武,朱志明,章琳俐,李忠榮,鄭嫩珠,2*

(1.福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所，福州350013；2.福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)食品科學(xué)學(xué)院，福州351100)

酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能、血清生化及抗氧化指標(biāo)的影響

李麗1?,繆中緯1?,辛清武1,朱志明1,章琳俐1,李忠榮1,鄭嫩珠1,2*1

(1.福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所，福州350013；2.福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)食品科學(xué)學(xué)院，福州351100)

為了研究酵母硒、黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能和血清生化、抗氧化指標(biāo)的影響，從22日齡健康半番鴨中選出體質(zhì)量相近的144只，采用單因子試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，隨機(jī)分為4組（3個(gè)試驗(yàn)組，1個(gè)對(duì)照組），對(duì)照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧，試驗(yàn)組在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中分別添加0.3%酵母硒、300 mg/kg黃芪多糖和二者的復(fù)合物（300 mg/kg黃芪多糖+0.3%酵母硒），每組3個(gè)重復(fù)，每個(gè)重復(fù)12只。結(jié)果顯示：除復(fù)合劑組半番鴨半凈膛率顯著高于對(duì)照組（P＜0.05）外，各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨較對(duì)照組的屠體率、全凈膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均呈升高趨勢(shì)（P＞0.05），而腹脂率和皮脂率均低于對(duì)照組（P＞0.05）。復(fù)合劑組血清尿酸含量極顯著低于對(duì)照組（P＜0.01），且與黃芪多糖組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）；復(fù)合劑組血清尿素氮含量顯著低于對(duì)照組和黃芪多糖組（P＜0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清乳酸脫氫酶活性均顯著低于對(duì)照組（P＜0.05），但各試驗(yàn)組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清白蛋白及球蛋白含量較對(duì)照組呈上升趨勢(shì)（P＞0.05），而總蛋白含量、白球比、膽固醇含量、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和堿性磷酸酶活性均呈降低趨勢(shì)（P＞0.05）。復(fù)合劑組半番鴨血清谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶活性、總抗氧化能力較對(duì)照組顯著增加（P＜0.05），且復(fù)合劑組血清總抗氧化能力顯著高于黃芪多糖組（P＜0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清超氧化物歧化酶活性較對(duì)照組呈增加趨勢(shì)（P＞0.05）；復(fù)合劑組和酵母硒組半番鴨血清丙二醛含量較對(duì)照組顯著降低（P＜0.05）。綜上所述，在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中添加酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能無(wú)明顯影響，但在一定程度上可提高半番鴨機(jī)體的代謝水平和抗氧化能力，且復(fù)合劑的添加效果尤為顯著。

酵母硒；黃芪多糖；半番鴨；屠宰性能；生化指標(biāo)；抗氧化能力

SummaryIt is important to improve the health level and production performance of poultry through nutritional regulation and control techniques.Adding antioxidants to diets is becoming an economical and effective nutritional regulation method to improve the antioxidant capacity and meat quality of poultry.

The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of selenium-enriched yeast,astragalus polysaccharide,andtheir mixture on the slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes,and serum antioxidant indexes of mule duck.

Two hundred and eighty one-day-old healthy mule ducks were fed under the same condition,and the pre-trial period was 1-21 d.Then 144 mule ducks with similar initial body mass were selected and divided into four groups with three replications per group according to a completely randomized design.The control group was fed with a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet added with 0.3%selenium-enriched yeast(SY group),300 mg/kg astragalus[Astragalus membranaceus (Ffisch.)Bge.]polysaccharide(APS group),and 0.3%selenium-enriched yeast+300 mg/kg astragalus polysaccharide(mixture group),respectively.Twelve ducks with similar body mass from each group were randomly selected for slaughter to determine the slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and serum antioxidant indexes at the 70th day.

The results showed that,except the semi-eviscerated rate of the mixture group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),the carcass rate,eviscerated rate,breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate in experimental groups were higher than those of the control group with no significant difference(P＞0.05),and the abdominal fat rate and sebum rate were lower than those of the control group with no significant difference(P＞0.05).The serum uric acid level of the mixture group was significantly lower than the control group(P＜0.01),but significantly higher than the APS group(P＜0.05).The serum urea nitrogen content of the mixture group was significantly lower than that of the control group and APS group(P＜0.05).The activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase in the experimental groups significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference among the three experimental groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum albumin and globulin contents of experimental groups showed an increase trend(P＞0.05),while the total protein content,ratio of albumin to globulin,cholesterol content, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited a decrease trend(P＞0.05).The activity of serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of the mixture group significantly increased compared with the control group(P＜0.05),and the serum T-AOC activity of the mixture group was significantly higher than that of the APS group(P＜0.05).The serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of the experimental groups increased compared with the control group,but with no significant difference(P＞0.05).The content of serum malondialdehyde(MDA)of the mixture group and SY group were significantly lower than the control group(P＜0.05).

In conclusion,adding selenium-enriched yeast,astragalus polysaccharide,and their mixture to the basal diet of mule ducks have no significant effects on their slaughter performance,but can decrease abdominal fat rate and sebum rate to some extent,reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen and uric acid,and improve the serum immune biochemical indicators and antioxidant capacity of mule ducks.

近年來(lái)，隨著生活水平的提高，消費(fèi)者對(duì)畜禽的需求已由數(shù)量轉(zhuǎn)向質(zhì)量。除了對(duì)家禽品種進(jìn)行改良外，通過(guò)飼喂日糧營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平調(diào)控技術(shù)也可提高畜禽機(jī)體健康水平，改善其生產(chǎn)性能。研究表明，畜禽的生產(chǎn)、屠宰性能或免疫功能等均受飼糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平的影響[1-4]。提高畜禽機(jī)體的健康和抗氧化狀況對(duì)消費(fèi)者和生產(chǎn)加工業(yè)都有重要意義。運(yùn)用營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)控方法，在畜禽飼糧中添加天然抗氧化劑或可改善機(jī)體品質(zhì)和氧化穩(wěn)定性。酵母硒(selenium-enriched yeast,SY)屬于有機(jī)硒源，有研究表明其可提高畜禽的生產(chǎn)性能和抗氧化能力[5-8]。黃芪多糖(astragalus polysaccharide,APS)是中藥黃芪中發(fā)揮免疫增強(qiáng)作用的主要活性物質(zhì)，相關(guān)研究表明黃芪多糖在一定程度上可提高畜禽的生長(zhǎng)、抗氧

化性能[9]，并增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力[10]和抗病力[11-12]。酵母硒、黃芪多糖對(duì)雞[13-14]、鵝[15]和豬[16]等畜禽生產(chǎn)性能及抗氧化能力等方面的影響已有相關(guān)研究報(bào)道，但關(guān)于二者在半番鴨生產(chǎn)中的研究卻少有報(bào)道。本文對(duì)酵母硒、黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能、血清生化指標(biāo)和抗氧化指標(biāo)的影響進(jìn)行研究，旨在為天然抗氧化劑酵母硒和黃芪多糖在半番鴨生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)控方法和可行性依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和材料來(lái)源

試驗(yàn)在福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖基地進(jìn)行。由安琪酵母股份有限公司提供酵母硒（總硒量3 000 mg/kg），由華北制藥集團(tuán)先泰藥業(yè)有限公司提供黃芪多糖。

1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和飼糧組成

選取280只同一批出雛的1日齡健康半番鴨雛鴨飼養(yǎng)。1～21日齡為預(yù)試期，22～70日齡為試驗(yàn)期。預(yù)試期雛鴨統(tǒng)一飼養(yǎng)管理；22日齡時(shí)選出144只體質(zhì)量相近的半番鴨，采用單因素試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，隨機(jī)分為4組，每組3個(gè)重復(fù)，每個(gè)重復(fù)12只。對(duì)照組為基礎(chǔ)飼糧，酵母硒組為基礎(chǔ)飼糧+0.3%酵母硒，黃芪多糖組為基礎(chǔ)飼糧+300 mg/kg黃芪多糖，復(fù)合劑組為基礎(chǔ)飼糧+復(fù)合劑（300 mg/kg黃芪多糖+0.3%酵母硒）。飼養(yǎng)至70日齡，停飼12 h，每個(gè)重復(fù)隨機(jī)選擇4只半番鴨進(jìn)行屠宰采血，測(cè)定其屠宰性能、血清生化指標(biāo)和抗氧化指標(biāo)。本試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)飼糧由東南飼料有限公司提供，預(yù)試期和試驗(yàn)期飼糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平見(jiàn)表1。

1.3 測(cè)定指標(biāo)及方法

1.3.1 屠宰性能

飼養(yǎng)至70日齡時(shí)，每個(gè)重復(fù)抽取4只半番鴨進(jìn)行屠宰，測(cè)定其活體質(zhì)量、屠體質(zhì)量、半凈膛質(zhì)量、全凈膛質(zhì)量、胸肌質(zhì)量、腿肌質(zhì)量、腹脂質(zhì)量和皮下脂肪質(zhì)量，并計(jì)算屠體率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率和皮脂率等指標(biāo)。上述指標(biāo)均按國(guó)家禽育種委員會(huì)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[17]執(zhí)行。

1.3.2 血清生化指標(biāo)

在70日齡半番鴨翼靜脈處采血，分離血清，采用日立7020型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清中總蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、尿酸、總膽固醇含量、白球比，以及乳酸脫氫酶、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和堿性磷酸酶活性。

1.3.3 血清抗氧化指標(biāo)

采用化學(xué)比色法、黃嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法分別測(cè)定血清谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性和總抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性以及丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量等抗氧化指標(biāo)；利用ELX800通用酶標(biāo)儀（香港基因有限公司）測(cè)定吸光度值。具體操作步驟參照南京建成生物工程研究所試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)。

1.4 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)

采用SPSS 17.0對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行單因素方差分析、多重比較和顯著性差異分析。結(jié)果以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示。

表1 基礎(chǔ)飼糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平（飼喂基礎(chǔ)）Table lComposition and nutrient levels of the basal diet(as fed basis)

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 飼喂酵母硒和黃芪多糖的半番鴨屠宰性能變化動(dòng)態(tài)

由表2可以看出：在屠宰性能指標(biāo)中，除復(fù)合劑組半番鴨半凈膛率顯著高于對(duì)照組外（P＜0.05），其余各組間屠宰性能指標(biāo)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨屠宰率、全凈膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率的變化規(guī)律一致，表現(xiàn)為各試驗(yàn)組高于對(duì)照組；其中，復(fù)合劑組高于黃芪多糖或酵母硒單獨(dú)使用，但各試驗(yàn)組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨腹脂率和皮脂率均低于對(duì)照組，且復(fù)合劑組低于黃芪多糖組和酵母硒組，各組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。由此表明，除復(fù)合劑組對(duì)半番鴨半凈膛率有顯著提高外，酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑總體對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能的影響效果不顯著。

表2 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能的影響Table 2Effects of selenium-enriched yeast(SY)and astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on slaughter performance of mule duck%

2.2 飼喂酵母硒和黃芪多糖的半番鴨血清生化指標(biāo)變化動(dòng)態(tài)

由表3可知，飼糧中添加黃芪多糖、酵母硒及其復(fù)合劑的試驗(yàn)組，其半番鴨血清白蛋白及球蛋白含量較對(duì)照組均呈上升趨勢(shì)，而總蛋白含量和白球比均有降低趨勢(shì)，但各組間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。與對(duì)照組相比，復(fù)合劑組血清尿素氮含量顯著降低（P＜0.05），尿酸含量極顯著降低（P＜0.01），而黃芪多糖組和酵母硒組的降低程度則不明顯（P＞0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組間，除復(fù)合劑組顯著低于黃芪多糖組（P＜0.05）外，其余各組間的血清尿素氮與尿酸含量的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。與對(duì)照組相比，各試驗(yàn)組的膽固醇含量、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶活性和堿性磷酸酶活性均有降低趨勢(shì)，但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）；血清乳酸脫氫酶活性則均顯著低于對(duì)照組（P＜0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組間膽固醇含量、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶活性、堿性磷酸酶活性以及乳酸脫氫酶活性差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。由此說(shuō)明，復(fù)合劑組對(duì)半番鴨血清中尿素氮、尿酸含量和乳酸脫氫酶活性等生化指標(biāo)的影響較為顯著，黃芪多糖和酵母硒單獨(dú)使用對(duì)血清生化指標(biāo)有一定影響，但效果不明顯。

表3 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨血清生化指標(biāo)的影響Table 3Effects of selenium-enriched yeast(SY)and astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on serum biochemical indexes of mule duck

2.3 飼喂酵母硒和黃芪多糖的半番鴨血清抗氧化指標(biāo)變化動(dòng)態(tài)

由表4可知：各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清SOD活性較對(duì)照組有增加趨勢(shì)，但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）；其中，復(fù)合劑組血清SOD活性最高，比對(duì)照組、黃芪多糖組和酵母硒組分別高4.01%、2.32%和2.22%，但差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。與對(duì)照組相比，各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清GSH-Px活性均有增加趨勢(shì)，其中，僅復(fù)合劑組半番鴨血清GSH-Px活性差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＜0.05），與對(duì)照組相比提高了11.1%，其余各組血清GSH-Px活性差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清T-AOC活性與對(duì)照組相比有增加趨勢(shì)，其中復(fù)合劑組血清TAOC顯著高于對(duì)照組（P＜0.05），酵母硒組和黃芪多糖組半番鴨血清T-AOC分別比對(duì)照組高20.1%和3.46%（P＞0.05）；在各試驗(yàn)組中，復(fù)合劑組血清TAOC活性顯著高于黃芪多糖組（P＜0.05），但與酵母硒組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），而酵母硒組高于黃芪多糖組16.1%（P＞0.05）。此外，復(fù)合劑組和酵母硒組半番鴨血清MDA含量較對(duì)照組顯著降低6.82%和6.62%（P＜0.05），黃芪多糖組比對(duì)照組降低4.18%（P＞0.05）；各試驗(yàn)組間，復(fù)合劑組血清MDA含量分別比黃芪多糖組和酵母硒組降低2.75%和0.215%，酵母硒組比黃芪多糖組降低2.54%，但各組間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。由此可見(jiàn)，酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑均可不同程度地提高半番鴨血清SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC水平，降低MDA含量，且復(fù)合劑的效果尤為明顯。

表4 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨血清抗氧化指標(biāo)的影響Table 4Effects of selenium-enriched yeast(SY)and astragalus polysaccharide(APS)on serum antioxidant indexes of mule duck

3 討論

3.1 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨屠宰性能的影響

屠宰性能指標(biāo)是衡量畜禽產(chǎn)肉性能，也是衡量肉鴨生產(chǎn)性能的主要依據(jù)，因此，改善屠宰性能可提高養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)效益。尹兆正等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，蛋氨酸硒可提高雞的屠宰率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率，但與對(duì)照組差異不顯著。鄒曉庭等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)，日糧添加不同硒源對(duì)肉雞屠宰率、半凈膛率、全凈膛率等胴體特性指標(biāo)均無(wú)顯著影響，但較對(duì)照組有所改善。向元容等[20]研究認(rèn)為，復(fù)方黃芪散能提高草科山地烏骨雞的各屠宰性能指標(biāo)。薛劍等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，黃芪莖葉微粉可不同程度地提高肉雞體質(zhì)量、屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率，降低腹脂率。在本研究中，與對(duì)照組相比，除復(fù)合劑組半番鴨半凈膛率顯著提高外，黃芪多糖組和酵母硒組半番鴨的屠體率、全凈膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有不同程度的提高，而腹脂率和皮脂率則呈降低趨勢(shì)，但均未達(dá)到顯著水平，與上述報(bào)道基本一致。

3.2 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨血清生化指標(biāo)的影響

血液生化指標(biāo)是反映動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)、機(jī)體代謝狀況的直接根據(jù)。蘇振東[22]研究認(rèn)為，復(fù)方黃芪可以顯著提高肉雞血清球蛋白的含量。本研究添加酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑均可使半番鴨血清白蛋白及球蛋白含量呈上升趨勢(shì)，而總蛋白含量、白球比呈下降趨勢(shì)，表明酵母硒或黃芪多糖可能有增強(qiáng)半番鴨機(jī)體免疫力的作用，但效果不顯著，有待于加大添加劑量進(jìn)一步研究驗(yàn)證。機(jī)體氮代謝狀況可以用來(lái)評(píng)估機(jī)體蛋白質(zhì)的利用情況和日糧氨基酸的平衡狀況。尿素氮是蛋白質(zhì)分解的最終產(chǎn)物，尿酸是機(jī)體氮的主要排泄方式。本研究復(fù)合劑組的血清尿酸含量極顯著低于對(duì)照組，且與黃芪多糖組差異顯著；復(fù)合劑組血清尿素氮含量顯著低于對(duì)照組和黃芪多糖組：說(shuō)明黃芪多糖和酵母硒聯(lián)合使用可有效降低血清尿素氮的含量，提高半番鴨機(jī)體蛋白質(zhì)利用率，增強(qiáng)氨基酸的平衡性，促進(jìn)機(jī)體蛋白質(zhì)的合成代謝，有利于半番鴨生長(zhǎng)。血清乳酸脫氫酶是糖代謝中催化丙酮酸向酵解方向最終生成乳酸的重要酶。本研究各試驗(yàn)組半番鴨血清乳酸脫氫酶活性均顯著低于對(duì)照組，而各試驗(yàn)組間差異不顯著，表明黃芪多糖或酵母硒對(duì)以肝細(xì)胞為主的組織細(xì)胞具有一定的保護(hù)作用。試驗(yàn)添加酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑對(duì)谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶和堿性磷酸酶活性影響不大，與郭云霞等[23]報(bào)道的酵母硒可顯著提高夏季柴雞血清堿性磷酸酶活性的結(jié)果不一致，這可能與品種、飼養(yǎng)條件、添加劑量等不同有關(guān)，其具體機(jī)制還需進(jìn)一步探討。

3.3 酵母硒和黃芪多糖對(duì)半番鴨血清抗氧化指標(biāo)的影響

曲湘勇等[24]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，酵母硒和納米硒均可極顯著提高鵪鶉血清GSH-Px、T-SOD及T-AOC活性，極顯著降低丙二醛含量，且納米硒抗氧化效果更好。辛杭書(shū)等[25]在圍產(chǎn)后期奶牛飼糧中添加酵母硒后，發(fā)現(xiàn)其血清的T-AOC、SOD活性均顯著提高，并隨著添加水平的增加呈先升高后下降的趨勢(shì)。孫波等[9,26]和陶浩[27]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，黃芪多糖具有增強(qiáng)免疫和抗氧化的功能。本試驗(yàn)研究了黃芪多糖或酵母硒及其復(fù)合劑對(duì)半番鴨體內(nèi)酶促抗氧化體系的影響，結(jié)果顯示；3個(gè)試驗(yàn)組均不同程度地提高了半番鴨血清GSH-Px和T-AOC活性，其中復(fù)合劑組效果較為明顯，且復(fù)合劑組血清T-AOC活性顯著高于黃芪多糖組；另外，復(fù)合劑組和酵母硒組的半番鴨血清MDA含量較對(duì)照組顯著降低。由此說(shuō)明黃芪多糖、酵母硒及其復(fù)合添加劑均可增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的抗氧化能力，降低動(dòng)物機(jī)體脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化程度，與上述研究結(jié)果基本一致。

本試驗(yàn)表明，復(fù)合劑與黃芪多糖或酵母硒單獨(dú)使用的抗氧化應(yīng)激效果基本一致，但復(fù)合劑效果更為顯著。孫春陽(yáng)等[28]測(cè)定了肉雞血清中SOD、GSHPx、T-AOC活性以及MDA含量，結(jié)果顯示，葡萄糖氧化酶和酵母硒復(fù)合添加劑具有提高肉雞抗氧化性能的作用，但并沒(méi)有明確葡萄糖氧化酶與酵母硒是否具有協(xié)同作用。劉紅露等[29]發(fā)現(xiàn)，面包酵母硒和酪酸梭菌制劑可提高機(jī)體抗氧化能力，改善腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)，且富硒酪酸菌組比二者單獨(dú)使用時(shí)能更好地改善肉雞生產(chǎn)性能。何柳青等[30]發(fā)現(xiàn)，酵母硒和茶多酚能顯著提高綠殼蛋雞血清中GSH-Px、TAOC活性，并極顯著降低MDA含量，且酵母硒和茶多酚聯(lián)合使用對(duì)提高蛋雞抗氧化能力有一定的協(xié)同作用。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果均與這些研究結(jié)果一致，認(rèn)為硒與多種多糖或抗氧劑結(jié)合可充分發(fā)揮二者的生理活性，增強(qiáng)其協(xié)調(diào)作用。

4 結(jié)論

本研究表明，在飼糧中添加酵母硒、黃芪多糖及其復(fù)合劑對(duì)屠宰性能和免疫水平影響不大，但可在一定程度上提高半番鴨機(jī)體新陳代謝水平和抗氧化性能，且復(fù)合劑的效果尤為明顯。該研究結(jié)果為黃芪多糖和酵母硒在半番鴨生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中的合理使用提供了參考依據(jù)。

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Effects of selenium-enriched yeast and astragalus polysaccharide on slaughter performance, serum biochemical and antioxidant indexes of mule duck.

Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2017,43(4):502-510

LI Li1?,MIAO Zhongwei1?,XIN Qingwu1,ZHU Zhiming1,ZHANG Linli1,LI Zhongrong1,ZHENG Nenzhu1,2*(1.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China;2.College of Food Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 351100,China)

selenium-enriched yeast;astragalus polysaccharide;mule duck;slaughter performance;biochemical index; antioxidant capacity

S 834.89

A

10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.10.141

福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(CXTD-02-14)；福建省公益類科研專項(xiàng)(2014R1023-11)；福建省種業(yè)創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(FJZZZY-1504)。

*通信作者(Corresponding author)：鄭嫩珠(http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-7383)，Tel:+86-591-83815170，E-mail:zhengnz@163.com

李麗(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9953-7785)，E-mail:576801792@qq.com。?共同

第一作者

2016-10-14；接受日期(Accepted)：2016-12-30