楊紹兵,蔡 慶,李莎莎,王曉紅,丁 歡,楊曉軍
·論 著·
重癥患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度與維生素D水平的相關(guān)性研究
楊紹兵1,蔡 慶2,李莎莎3,王曉紅1,丁 歡1,楊曉軍1
目的 觀察危重患者血清25-羥維生素D水平與各種疾病嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性。方法 收集入住ICU病房時(shí)間超過48 h、年齡≥18歲的患者作為觀察資料。根據(jù)入科24 h內(nèi)急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康狀況評(píng)分系統(tǒng)Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)評(píng)分分為2組(APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分<20分組、APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分≥20分組),比較2組患者次日清晨血清25-羥維生素D水平、乳酸水平及住ICU時(shí)間、28 d病死率等指標(biāo)的差異;并選擇同期門診體檢患者60例作為健康人群組,比較健康人群與危重癥患者之間25-羥維生素D水平有無差異。結(jié)果 共納入患者114例,APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分<20分患者74例、APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分≥20患者40例。2組血清維生素D3水平分別為(7.77±4.30)ng/mL、(4.95±2.29)ng/mL(P<0.05),乳酸水平分別為(2.17±1.40)mmol/L、(3.76±2.80)mmol/L(P<0.05),白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)分別為(10.73±3.56)×109/mL、(13.68±4.23)×109/mL(P<0.05),住ICU時(shí)間分別為(5.19±2.73)d、(7.20±3.03)d(P<0.05),28 d病死率分別為0%、20%,上述變量在2組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;血清25-羥維生素D3與APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)性(r=-0.275,P<0.05)。健康人群組60例,其血清維生素D3水平中位數(shù)為16.48 ng/mL,與危重癥患者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 健康人群、危重癥患者普遍存在維生素D3不足或者缺乏,危重癥患者更加明顯,隨著病情的危重程度加重,維生素D3水平逐漸減低。
重癥患者;急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康狀況評(píng)分系統(tǒng);25-羥維生素D水平
血清維生素D是一種重要的營養(yǎng)素,在鈣磷穩(wěn)態(tài)、骨代謝及細(xì)胞生長、分化和凋亡中起著重要的作用[1-2]。維生素D主要通過暴露于陽光及膳食補(bǔ)充獲得。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),維生素D不足與心血管疾病、腫瘤發(fā)生率、胰島素抵抗及全因死亡率有關(guān)[3-7]。維生素D不足是一個(gè)普遍的全球現(xiàn)象,在住院患者尤其是危重癥患者中更為顯著[8-10]。維生素D不足與ICU患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度有明顯的聯(lián)系[11-12]。寧夏地處高緯度、較高海拔地區(qū),地處此區(qū)域的危重癥患者及健康人群是否存在維生素D不足的情況,尚未見報(bào)道。本研究的目的是評(píng)估ICU重癥患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度與維生素D水平之間的相關(guān)性,并調(diào)查健康人群血清25-羥維生素D[25(OH)D]水平。
1.1 一般資料:采用前瞻性研究方法,選取寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院2014年8月-2015年4月入住ICU病房C區(qū)、時(shí)間超過48 h、年齡≥18歲的114例患者作為研究對(duì)象。年齡18~79歲,平均年齡(58±3.8)歲,性別不限。排除基礎(chǔ)存在腎臟疾病及慢性腎功能衰竭、腫瘤以及既往1年內(nèi)接受過維生素D制劑治療的患者。病種構(gòu)成:顱腦損傷及顱腦手術(shù)后39例,重癥感染20例,胸腹手術(shù)后30例,其他25例。同期選擇門診體檢患者60例作為健康人群組。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并獲得患者或家屬的知情同意。
1.2 分組:參照Knaus等[13]的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)血清25(OH)D水平定義,維生素D缺乏為25(OH)D<20 ng/mL,維生素D不足為25(OH)D在20~29 ng/mL,維生素D充足為25(OH)D≥30 ng/mL[13]。對(duì)入ICU 24 h內(nèi)患者各項(xiàng)生理參數(shù)及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)進(jìn)行急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康狀況評(píng)分系統(tǒng)Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)評(píng)分。國內(nèi)研究報(bào)道,APACHEⅡ分值≥20分時(shí),死亡危險(xiǎn)度明顯增加,對(duì)此應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)護(hù),及早調(diào)整治療方案[14]。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)評(píng)分值,將患者分為2組:APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分<20分,74例;APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分≥20,40例;另選取門診體檢的健康人群組60例。
1.3 方法:對(duì)入住ICU患者第1個(gè)24 h內(nèi)行血清25(OH)D標(biāo)本收集,離心后置于-80 ℃冰箱待檢。采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定(Roche E601,羅氏,Swit)血清25(OH)D水平。
2.1 2組患者臨床資料的比較:2組患者在年齡、血清25(OH)D水平、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、乳酸水平、是否合并多臟器功能障礙綜合征(MODS)、住ICU時(shí)間及28 d病死率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),在性別、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、血清鈣、血清磷、是否機(jī)械通氣及是否手術(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
表1 2組危重癥患者一般資料的比較
2.2 健康人群及危重患者血清25(OH)D水平缺乏的發(fā)生率:入選114例患者中,維生素D充足0例(0%),維生素D不足0例(0%),維生素D缺乏114例(100%),提示危重患者血清25(OH)D水平普遍缺乏。健康人群60例,維生素D充足6例(10%),維生素D不足8例(13%),維生素D缺乏46例(77%),健康人群亦存在維生素D不足或缺乏情況,但危重癥患者更加明顯(P<0.05),見表2。
表2 健康人群與危重癥患者血清25(OH)D水平的比較
2.3 血清25(OH)D水平與患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性:血清25(OH)D水平與APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,Spearman相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.275,P<0.05,呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明APACHE Ⅱ 評(píng)分越高,血清25(OH)D水平越低。
眾多流行病學(xué)資料和臨床觀察研究表明,血清維生素D水平低下是多種免疫系統(tǒng)及慢性疾病發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因素,維生素D對(duì)多種疾病有潛在的預(yù)防和治療作用,對(duì)疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有一定的警示作用。危重患者因?yàn)槠鞴俟δ軗p害、制動(dòng)、陽光暴露少、禁食或營養(yǎng)方案不合理等原因,成為維生素D不足或缺乏的高危人群。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)告,危重患者中維生素D不足或缺乏的發(fā)生率高達(dá)74%~98.8%[8-9]。本研究中,維生素D不足或缺乏發(fā)生率為100%,較國內(nèi)其他[15]報(bào)道更低,且健康體檢人群亦普遍存在維生素D不足或缺乏的情況,考慮原因?yàn)閷幭牡靥幐呔暥鹊貐^(qū)、年均氣溫低、日照時(shí)間較低緯度地區(qū)短,維生素D3合成較少,且膳食以肉食為主,故寧夏地區(qū)人群血清25(OH)D水平較南方地區(qū)更低。然而Lee[16]認(rèn)為,與普通人群相比,ICU人群存在巨大的病理生理學(xué)改變及醫(yī)療干預(yù)措施,可能并不適用于普通人群維生素不足或缺乏的定義標(biāo)準(zhǔn),制定出適合ICU人群的維生素D最佳水平的定義仍需不斷的實(shí)踐探索和完善。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,危重癥患者維生素D水平與APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性。APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分是ICU中最常用的評(píng)估患者預(yù)后的評(píng)分系統(tǒng),隨評(píng)分的增加,患者病死率亦增高。重癥患者往往存在多器官功能障礙綜合征,常合并免疫麻痹、感染、應(yīng)激性高血糖、呼吸肌無力等問題。多項(xiàng)研究表明[17-21],高的血清維生素D水平可以改善重癥患者免疫麻痹狀態(tài),起到增強(qiáng)抗炎癥、抗微生物作用,縮短機(jī)械通氣及ICU停留的時(shí)間。
綜上所述,健康人群及危重患者維生素D不足或缺乏發(fā)生率高,疾病程度越重,患者血清維生素D水平越低。血清維生素D水平對(duì)患者病情危重程度有一定預(yù)警作用,并且在調(diào)節(jié)免疫及降低糖尿病、心血管疾病及腫瘤發(fā)生率方面具有重要作用,因此不僅應(yīng)納入危重患者常規(guī)檢查中,也應(yīng)作為健康人群的體檢項(xiàng)目,并建議適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充維生素D3制劑。因本研究納入病例數(shù)不足,2組死亡率病例較少,不能做多因素Logistic回歸分析了解血清維生素D水平是否為危重患者死亡的獨(dú)立的危險(xiǎn)因素,因此尚需后期繼續(xù)收集病例來驗(yàn)證。
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Relationship between APACHE II scores and vitamin D levels in critical ill patients
YANG Shaobing1, CAI Qing2, LI Shasha3, WANG Xiaohong1, DING Huan1, YANG Xiaojun1.
1.Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;2.Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yinchuan City, Yinchuan 750001, China;3.Medical Experimental Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
YANG Xiaojun,Email: yxjicu@163.com
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and different APACHE Ⅱ scores in critically ill patients.Methods The data of patients aged over 18 years who were admitted to ICU from August 2014 to April 2015 in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected for observation. (APACHE Ⅱ score <20, APACHE Ⅱ score> or = 20) were divided into two groups according to the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores within 24 hours after admission. The serum 25- vitamin D levels, lactic acid levels and ICU stay time, 28-day mortality and other indicators were collected, and selected outpatient with physical examination as a normal group, the 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels was compared between healthy people and critically ill patients.Results A total of 114 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 74 patients with APACHE Ⅱ score <20 and 40 patients with APACHE Ⅱ score ≥20. The levels of serum vitamin D3 were respectively (7.77±4.30) ng/mL, (4.95±2.29) ng/mL in two groups (P<0.05). The lactic acid levels were(2.17±1.4)mmol/L and(3.76±2.8)mmol/L (P<0.05). The ICU stay time was(5.19±2.73)days and(7.20±3.03)days (P<0.05), and the 28-day mortality rates were 0% and 20%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (r= -0.275,P<0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the APACHE Ⅱ score. Sixty patients were randomly selected for the same period, the serum Vitamin D3level was 16.48 ng/mL, which was significantly different with critically ill patients.Conclusion Healthy people, critically ill patients generally insufficiency or deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and critically ill patients are more obviously. With the severity of the disease increasing, the level of vitamin D3 gradually are decreasing.
Criticallyillpatients;APACHEⅡscore; 25-hydroxyvitaminDlevel
10.13621/j.1001-5949.2017.07.0591
寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)科學(xué)研究基金資助項(xiàng)目(XM201452)
1.寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,寧夏 銀川 750004 2.寧夏銀川市婦幼保健院婦保科,寧夏 銀川 750001 3.寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心,寧夏 銀川 750004
楊紹兵(1984-),男,大學(xué)本科,主要從事重癥醫(yī)學(xué)工作。
楊曉軍,Email:yxjicu@163.com
http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/64.1008.R.20170720.1011.002.html
R459
A
2016-10-04 [責(zé)任編輯]李 潔