□ 文/本刊記者 楊艷

你知道嗎？金磚國家開發(fā)銀行萌芽于重慶這是2012年在重慶召開的金磚國家智庫論壇的重要成果

□ 文/本刊記者 楊艷

2012年9月26日，“2012年金磚國家智庫論壇（重慶）”在南坪麗笙世嘉酒店三峽會(huì)議廳隆重舉行，參加論壇會(huì)嘉賓合影。

（圖片由市政府外事僑務(wù)辦提供）

2014年7月15日，在巴西福塔萊薩舉行的金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第六次會(huì)晤上，“金磚五國”巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國、南非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人簽署協(xié)議，宣布成立金磚國家開發(fā)銀行（金磚銀行）。

金磚國家開發(fā)銀行是一個(gè)政府間合作的多邊開發(fā)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)，由金磚五國作為創(chuàng)始國發(fā)起設(shè)立，主要目的是“為金磚國家以及其他新興市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)展中國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目籌措資金”。

但你知道嗎？金磚國家成立開發(fā)銀行的理念誕生在重慶。

2012年9月26日—27日，重慶召開了一次重要的國際性會(huì)議，即金磚國家智庫論壇。論壇的主題為“調(diào)整·創(chuàng)新·合作”。在為期兩天的會(huì)議中，俄羅斯代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長托洛拉亞、巴西代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長斯圖恩克爾、南非代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長蘭加、印度代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長維斯瓦納坦等來自中國、俄羅斯、巴西、南非和印度的40多位專家齊聚山城，圍繞“金融危機(jī)背景下金磚國家發(fā)展模式的調(diào)整”“如何推動(dòng)金磚國家之間的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作”等重大國際合作議題展開了深入的研討。其中，首次提出了“創(chuàng)建金磚國家開發(fā)銀行的可行性”。

2007年，全球面臨60年來最嚴(yán)重的金融危機(jī)。金融危機(jī)以來，美國金融政策變動(dòng)導(dǎo)致國際金融市場資金的波動(dòng)，對新興市場國家的幣值穩(wěn)定造成很大影響。中國貨幣波動(dòng)較小，但是印度、俄羅斯、巴西等國都經(jīng)歷了貨幣巨幅貶值，導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹。此時(shí)，靠IMF救助存在不及時(shí)和力度不夠的問題，金磚國家為避免在下一輪金融危機(jī)中受到貨幣不穩(wěn)定的影響，計(jì)劃構(gòu)筑一個(gè)共同的金融安全網(wǎng)。一旦出現(xiàn)貨幣不穩(wěn)定的情況，可以借助這個(gè)資金池兌換一部分外匯來應(yīng)急。為此，與會(huì)嘉賓共同提出了創(chuàng)建金磚國家開發(fā)銀行的想法。

后來，沿襲這一理念，金磚國家開發(fā)銀行的建立慢慢成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)：

2013年3月，第五次金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)召開，會(huì)議決定建立金磚國家開發(fā)銀行；

2014年7月，金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第六次會(huì)晤在巴西舉行。此次峰會(huì)“敲定”了呼吁已久的金磚國家開發(fā)銀行，其初始資本為1000億美元，由5個(gè)創(chuàng)始成員平均出資，總部設(shè)在中國上海。

金磚國家新開發(fā)銀行的首任行長為印度人瓦曼卡馬特（K.V.Kamath），2015年7月21日8點(diǎn)30分正式開業(yè)。

金磚國家開發(fā)銀行類似世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織（IMF），它萌芽于重慶，表明重慶在其發(fā)展歷程中站有重要的一席之地。

近年來，金磚國家群體性崛起并積極探索各具特色的發(fā)展道路，豐富了世界發(fā)展模式，展現(xiàn)了新型經(jīng)濟(jì)體的充沛活力和巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α＝鸫u國家各具優(yōu)勢，經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性很強(qiáng)，既有開展廣泛合作的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，也有促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。各個(gè)金磚各國發(fā)展水平相近，都面臨保增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促民生的艱巨任務(wù)。加強(qiáng)金磚國家發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流、推動(dòng)相互間的合作，對各國的長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。

（制圖：胡欣）

On July 15, 2014, the Sixth BRICS Leaders Summit, held in Fortaleza, witnessed leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa to sign an agreement to announce the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank, namely the BRICs Bank.

As a multilateral development financial institution cooperated with different governments, the BRICs Development Bank was established by BRICs nations as the initiator, whose main purpose is to raise funds for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in those five nations and other emerging market economies as well as developing countries.

But do you know? The conception to build this bank sprouted in Chongqing.

An important international meeting, namely, BRICs Think Tank Forum, was held in Chongqing in September 26-27, 2012. The theme of this forumwas adjustment, innovation and cooperation. During the two-day meeting, Toloraa, head of the Russian delegation, Stu Unckel, head of the Brazilian delegation, Langa, head of the South African delegation, Viswanathan, head of the Indian delegation,and more than 40 experts from China, Russia, India,Brazil and India, gathered in Chongqing. They have had in-depth discussions toward some major issues related to international cooperation like “Adjustment of BRICs development model under the background of fi nancial crisis”; “How to promote economic and trade cooperation among BRICs”. For the first time, the feasibility of establishing BRICs Development Bank was put forward.

In 2007, the world faced the worst financial crisis in 60 years. Since the financial crisis, the changes in the financial policy in the United States have led to fluctuations in the international financial market funds, and left a great impact on the stability of the currency market in emerging markets. The fl uctuations in Chinese currency are relatively low but it caused massive devaluation in India, Russia and Brazil,which also led to inflation in those countries. At this point, rescues from IMF are not timely and enough.For that reason, The BRICs plan to build a common

financial safety net in order to avoid the effects of currency instability in the next fi nancial crisis. Once the currency is unstable, BRICs can use the money pool to exchange some of the foreign exchange for emergency response. To this end, the guests jointly proposed the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank.

Later, following this idea, the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank became a reality:

In March 2013, the Fifth BRICs Leaders Summit decided to establish the BRICs development bank;

In July 2014, the Sixth BRICs Leaders Summit was held in Brazil. Long-waited BRICs development bank was decided to establish in this meeting. With initial capital of $100 billion, contributed by an average of 5 founding members, this bank was headquartered in Shanghai, China.

The first president of the new BRICs Development Bank is K.V. Kamath from India. This bank was of fi cially opened at 8:30 on July 21, 2015.

The BRICs Development Bank is similar to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund(IMF). It sprouted in Chongqing and showed that Chongqing had an important place in the course of its development.

In recent years, the BRICs have grown up in the method of grouping and actively explored a distinctive path to development, which enriched the diversi fi cation of the world development model and demonstrated the vitality and huge potential for development of the new economy. With different advantages and strong complementary economy, The BRICs have both realistic basis for extensive cooperation and realistic demand for common development. With the same levels of development, BRICs countries are faced with the arduous task of ensuring growth, adjusting their structure and improving people’s livelihood. It is of great signi fi cance for long-term sustainable development of BRICs by the exchanges of developing experiences and cooperation among those fi ve countries.

(The pictures are provided by Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Of fi ce of Chongqing Municipal People’ s Government)

Do you know?BRICS Development Bank sprouted in Chongqing

□ Article / journalist Yang Yan