錢煒偉, 倪 毅
南通市第三人民醫(yī)院甲乳科, 南通 226001
·短篇論著·
保乳手術(shù)陰性切緣切取次數(shù)與早期乳腺癌患者臨床預(yù)后的相關(guān)性
錢煒偉, 倪 毅
南通市第三人民醫(yī)院甲乳科, 南通 226001
目的: 探討早期乳腺癌保乳術(shù)中獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)與患者預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。方法: 收集2009年1月至2016年10月在江蘇省南通市第三人民醫(yī)院行保乳治療的早期乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,回顧性分析獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)與患者年齡、腫塊大小、淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài)、激素受體狀態(tài)、HER-2狀態(tài)、病理類型及患者預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果: 共入組287例接受保乳治療的早期乳腺癌患者,其中191例(66.6%)經(jīng)1次切取即獲得陰性切緣,65例(22.6%)經(jīng)2次切取獲得陰性切緣,31例(10.8%)經(jīng)3次及以上切取獲得陰性切緣。腫塊大小(P=0.010)、病理類型(P<0.001)及HER-2狀態(tài)(P=0.034)與獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)相關(guān)。中位隨訪5年的局部復(fù)發(fā)率在1次切取患者(6.3%)、2次切取患者(9.2%)及3次及以上切取患者(25.8%)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.002);而3組患者間中位隨訪5年的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率(P=0.989)及總生存率(P=0.326)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論: 腫塊大小、病理類型、HER-2狀態(tài)與保乳患者獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)相關(guān),切取次數(shù)與術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)率正相關(guān),但與患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移及總生存率無(wú)明顯相關(guān)。
早期乳腺癌;保乳手術(shù);陰性切緣;切取次數(shù);預(yù)后
乳腺癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤[1]。在中國(guó),每年約有4萬(wàn)多例患者死于乳腺癌[2]。改良根治術(shù)和保乳手術(shù)是針對(duì)乳腺癌最主要的手術(shù)方式。研究[3-5]表明,保乳手術(shù)聯(lián)合術(shù)后放療可獲得與改良根治手術(shù)相同的遠(yuǎn)期療效,而保乳術(shù)保留了乳房外形,能夠更好地滿足患者的心理需求[6]。保乳手術(shù)成功的前提是切緣陰性,但首次切取并不一定能獲得陰性切緣,部分患者需反復(fù)切取[7]。目前,經(jīng)反復(fù)切取的保乳手術(shù)的安全性仍有待研究,切取次數(shù)的最高限定尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,本研究回顧分析了2009年1月至2016年10月于本院行保乳手術(shù)的乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,分析了影響保乳手術(shù)獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)的可能臨床病理因素及不同切取次數(shù)與患者預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。
1.1 一般資料 回顧分析2009年1月至2016年10月在江蘇省南通市第三人民醫(yī)院手術(shù)的1 483例乳腺癌患者的臨床資料,保乳患者首次切除范圍包括距腫塊0.2~2 cm的正常乳腺組織,補(bǔ)充切緣時(shí)切取0.2~0.5 cm寬的乳腺組織。按下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)一步篩選:早期乳腺癌(T1~2N0~1M0)、切緣陰性(定義為切緣無(wú)浸潤(rùn)性腫瘤或?qū)Ч茉话┙?rùn),且腫瘤距切緣大于1 mm)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前接受新輔助治療、術(shù)后未接受放療、隨訪數(shù)據(jù)不完整。符合上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的乳腺癌患者共有287例,所有患者在術(shù)后除接受放療外,根據(jù)病情需要給予其他輔助治療(化療、內(nèi)分泌治療或靶向治療)。1.2 臨床數(shù)據(jù)采集 調(diào)閱病歷系統(tǒng),記錄患者的年齡、術(shù)中切緣切取次數(shù)、術(shù)后病理、術(shù)后輔助治療信息。
1.3 隨訪指標(biāo)及方法 通過(guò)門診及電話進(jìn)行隨訪,術(shù)后前2年每3個(gè)月隨訪1次,以后每6個(gè)月隨訪1次,5年后每12個(gè)月隨訪1次,期間評(píng)估局部及全身情況。主要觀察指標(biāo):局部區(qū)域復(fù)發(fā)(同側(cè)乳房、腋窩及鎖骨區(qū)淋巴結(jié)復(fù)發(fā))、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移(骨、肺、肝、腦等)及總生存率。隨訪截止時(shí)間至2017年1月20日。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行錄入、分析,χ2檢驗(yàn)分析獲得陰性切緣的切取次數(shù)與臨床病理因素及預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)(α)為0.05。
2.1 基本情況 287例接受保乳治療的乳腺癌患者中,經(jīng)1次切取、2次切取、3次及以上切取獲得陰性切緣者分別為191例(66.6%)、65例(22.6%)、31例(10.8%),其中最多切取次數(shù)為4次,共有2例。
2.2 獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)與臨床病理因素的相關(guān)性分析 結(jié)果表明腫塊>2 cm、原位癌及HER-2陽(yáng)性的患者獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)更多,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P< 0.05)。而患者年齡、淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài)及激素受體狀態(tài)與獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(表1)。
表1 保乳患者獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)與臨床病理因素的相關(guān)分析 n(%)
2.3 預(yù)后分析 術(shù)后隨訪3~95個(gè)月,中位隨訪時(shí)間61個(gè)月。3次及以上切取組局部復(fù)發(fā)率明顯高于其他兩組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P< 0.05);3組間遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表2)。全組共16例患者死亡,1次切取組、2次切取組及3次及以上切取組分別有8例(4.2%)、5例(7.7%)及3例死亡(9.7%),組間總生存率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.326)。
表2 保乳患者獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)與復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移情況的相關(guān)分析 n(%)
切緣陰性是保乳手術(shù)的前提,但并非所有患者在首次切除時(shí)即可獲得陰性切緣,研究[7-10]發(fā)現(xiàn)25%~40%乳腺癌患者在首次切除后切緣仍有腫瘤累及,因而需要再次切取送檢切緣。較寬的切緣活檢可明顯降低切緣陽(yáng)性的比例,但會(huì)影響患者術(shù)后乳房形態(tài)。Anees等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),切除腫塊后進(jìn)行殘腔刮除比不刮除組的切緣陽(yáng)性率明顯降低(19%vs34%,P=0.01)。雖然切緣陽(yáng)性時(shí)可以再次切取,但是目前對(duì)多次切取才獲得陰性切緣的保乳安全性仍有質(zhì)疑,切取次數(shù)的最高限定尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論。因此,本研究回顧分析了影響保乳手術(shù)獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)的可能臨床病理因素,對(duì)不同切取次數(shù)與患者預(yù)后的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了分析。
Ramanah等[12]分析了206例保乳患者的數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)多因素分析發(fā)現(xiàn)原位癌較大是切緣陽(yáng)性的危險(xiǎn)因子。Hanna等[13]分析了美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中1 170 284例保乳患者的數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)腫塊越大,出現(xiàn)切緣持續(xù)陽(yáng)性的概率越高。本研究結(jié)果與既往報(bào)道相符,發(fā)現(xiàn)腫塊較大時(shí)獲得陰性切緣所需切取次數(shù)更多。對(duì)于腫塊較大且有保乳意愿的患者,可以選擇新輔助治療來(lái)縮小腫塊,以降低切緣陽(yáng)性率[14]。Torabi等[15]分析了224例保乳患者的臨床資料,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)31%的患者切緣陽(yáng)性,且組織分級(jí)高、淋巴血管浸潤(rùn)及廣泛導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌成分的患者更易出現(xiàn)切緣陽(yáng)性。也有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)合并有導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌時(shí),保乳患者切緣陽(yáng)性或切緣距腫瘤小于1 mm的比例增加[16]。Subhedar等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨訪6年時(shí)12%的導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌患者出現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)。在本研究中,3次及以上切取組的原位癌比例明顯高于其他兩組。導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌雖然預(yù)后比浸潤(rùn)癌更好,但其易沿著導(dǎo)管廣泛分布,因此可能更難獲得陰性切緣,需要的切取次數(shù)也就更多。Jia 等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)HER-2陽(yáng)性與切緣陽(yáng)性密切相關(guān),且HER-2陽(yáng)性是局部復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因子。van Deurzen等[19]的研究也證實(shí)了HER-2陽(yáng)性的患者切緣陽(yáng)性率更高,本研究結(jié)果與既往報(bào)道一致。一方面,由于HER-2陽(yáng)性腫瘤本身生物學(xué)行為較差,易發(fā)生侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移,增加了切緣陽(yáng)性的概率;另一方面,導(dǎo)管內(nèi)癌患者中HER-2陽(yáng)性比例更高[20],也可能造成了3次及以上切取組中HER-2陽(yáng)性的比例更高。
研究表明保乳術(shù)后放療可使10年絕對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低15.7%[21]。本研究中所有患者都接受了術(shù)后放療,大部分患者都有較滿意的局部控制,但3次及以上切取組的局部復(fù)發(fā)率明顯高于其他兩組。其原因可能是切取次數(shù)多意味著腫瘤累及范圍廣,殘留腫瘤的可能性及量也就越大,但放療不能完全消滅腫瘤,所以更易出現(xiàn)局部復(fù)發(fā)。因此,臨床醫(yī)生在追求陰性切緣的同時(shí),應(yīng)考慮到切取次數(shù)≥3次時(shí)局部復(fù)發(fā)率會(huì)更高。一項(xiàng)三期臨床研究[22]結(jié)果顯示,全乳放療后加量放療(16 Gy)可增加保乳患者的局部控制。該研究的結(jié)果可能也適用于切取次數(shù)≥3次的保乳患者,在全乳放療后加量放療進(jìn)一步降低局部復(fù)發(fā)。本研究中3次及以上切取組局部復(fù)發(fā)率雖然升高,但并未影響全身情況,組間遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率及總生存無(wú)差別。因此,對(duì)于獲得陰性切緣切取次數(shù)多的患者,術(shù)后加強(qiáng)局部治療(如放療),而不用增加全身治療的強(qiáng)度可能是一種更優(yōu)的治療策略。
綜上所述,臨床工作中對(duì)保乳患者進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)可能需要結(jié)合患者腫瘤大小、病理類型、HER-2狀態(tài)等指標(biāo)來(lái)進(jìn)行綜合考慮。如果切取2次仍未獲得陰性切緣,考慮到患者術(shù)后局部復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的升高,術(shù)后放療加量可能是更好的治療策略。本研究結(jié)果為保乳切取次數(shù)上限的設(shè)定提供了參考依據(jù),讓臨床醫(yī)生更好地平衡保乳手術(shù)的獲益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
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[本文編輯] 廖曉瑜, 賈澤軍
Correlation between the re-excision frequency of breast-conserving surgery negative margins and clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer
QIAN Wei-wei, NI Yi
Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
Objective: To analyze the correlation between re-excision frequency of breast-conserving surgery negative margins and clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: We collected the clinical information of early breast cancer patients treated with breast conserving therapy in the Third People's Hospital of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, from January 2009 to October 2016. We analyzed the relationship between the frequency of re-excision and patient age, tumor size, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, Her-2, pathological type and prognosis of patients retrospectively. Results: In this study, 287 patients with early breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving therapy were included. 191 (66.6%) patients acquired negative margins by one excision, 65 (22.6%) patients by twice excision, and 31 (10.8%) patients by thrice or more. Tumor size (P=0.010), pathological type (P< 0.001), and HER-2 state (P=0.034) corrected with the frequency of re-excision. The median follow-up time was 5 years. Local recurrence rates were 6.3%, 9.2%, and 25.8% for one excision group, twice excision group, and thrice or more excision group, respectively and statistical difference was found among the three groups (P=0.002). No statistical difference was found among the three groups with regard to distant metastasis rates (P=0.989) and overall survival rates (P=0.326). Conclusions: Tumor size, type of pathology, HER-2 status were correlated with the frequency of re-excision required for negative margins in the breast-conserving patients. The frequency of re-excision is positively correlated with local recurrence rates, but had no significant relationship with distant metastasis and overall survival rates.
early breast cancer; breast conserving surgery; negative margin; frequency of re-excision; prognosis
2017-03-04 [接受日期] 2017-05-15
錢煒偉,主治醫(yī)師. E-mail: 1340223090@qq.com
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2017.20170175
R 737.9
A