劉春枝,梅 花
RAGE、AQP5水平與新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征病情的相關(guān)性研究
劉春枝,梅 花
目的 探討糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體(receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE)和水通道蛋白5(aquaporin 5, AQP5)水平與新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征(respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, RDSN)病情的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇我院2014年1月—2016年1月收治的RDSN 78例作為觀察組,選擇同期出生的正常新生兒78例作為對(duì)照組。比較兩組RAGE和AQP5水平變化,分析病情嚴(yán)重程度、胎齡及預(yù)后與RAGE和AQP5水平的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組比較,觀察組RAGE和AQP5水平顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。RAGE、AQP5水平與胎齡、病情嚴(yán)重程度緊密相關(guān)(P=0.000)。RAGE診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.775[95%可信區(qū)間(CI)為0.616~0.934,P=0.011],AQP5診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.739(95%CI為0.580~0.899,P=0.027)。結(jié)論 RDSN患兒RAGE、AQP5水平顯著升高,且與病情嚴(yán)重程度、胎齡及預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。
呼吸窘迫綜合征,新生兒;糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體;水通道蛋白5
新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征(respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, RDSN)是導(dǎo)致新生兒死亡的主要原因之一[1-2],是由于肺表面活性物質(zhì)缺乏導(dǎo)致肺泡不張、通氣不足,進(jìn)而引起全身炎癥反應(yīng)、多臟器功能衰竭,甚至死亡[3]。糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體(receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE)為免疫球蛋白超家族中的一員,通過(guò)與配體結(jié)合,促進(jìn)血管內(nèi)皮功能失調(diào)、炎癥瀑布等病理反應(yīng)[4]。研究顯示急性肺損傷患者RAGE顯著升高,且病情越重RAGE水平越高[5-6]。水通道蛋白5(aquaporin 5, AQP5)參與細(xì)胞內(nèi)、外水的分布,急性肺損傷時(shí)可表現(xiàn)為肺水腫和大量炎癥因子滲出等[7]。因此,推測(cè)RAGE、AQP5與RDSN存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián)性,但鮮有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道此問(wèn)題。本文探討RAGE和AQP5水平與RDSN病情的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料 選擇我院2014年1月—2016年1月收治的RDSN 78例作為觀察組,其中男43例,女35例;平均胎齡(38.74±2.16)周;出生時(shí)體重(3259.78±395.38)g。選擇同期出生的正常新生兒78例作為對(duì)照組,其中男45例,女33例;平均胎齡(38.92±2.45)周;出生時(shí)體重(3249.93±384.28)g。兩組性別、胎齡、體重等一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究通過(guò)我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),且所有新生兒父母均知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①入院時(shí)發(fā)病時(shí)間不超過(guò)12 h;②為新生兒;③動(dòng)脈血氧分壓(PaO2)/吸入氧濃度(FiO2)<300,且排除其他原因引起的肺損傷;④父母同意參與本研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①先天性心臟病;②先天畸形;③肺炎;④敗血癥;⑤治療期間轉(zhuǎn)院或放棄治療。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及檢測(cè)方法 主要觀察指標(biāo)為RAGE和AQP5,次要觀察指標(biāo)為病情嚴(yán)重程度、胎齡和預(yù)后。入院后留取新生兒肘靜脈血5 ml,離心去血漿置于-80℃冷藏箱凍存待檢,使用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)法檢測(cè)RAGE、AQP5水平。RAGE ELISA試劑盒及AQP5 ELISA試劑盒均購(gòu)自美國(guó)安迪生物公司。
2.1 兩組RAGE、AQP5水平比較 與對(duì)照組比較,觀察組RAGE、AQP5水平顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000),見(jiàn)表1。
表1 新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征與正常新生兒RAGE、AQP5水平比較
注:RAGE為糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體,AQP5為水通道蛋白5
2.2 不同病情嚴(yán)重程度RDSN的RAGE、AQP5水平比較 本研究定義200 表2 不同病情嚴(yán)重程度的新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征RAGE、AQP5水平比較 注:RAGE為糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體,AQP5為水通道蛋白5 2.3 不同胎齡RDSN的RAGE、AQP5水平比較 觀察組早產(chǎn)兒23例,正常產(chǎn)兒28例,晚產(chǎn)兒27例。早產(chǎn)兒、正常產(chǎn)兒和晚產(chǎn)兒RAGE和AQP5水平差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000),見(jiàn)表3。 表3 不同胎齡新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征RAGE、AQP5水平比較 注:RAGE為糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體,AQP5為水通道蛋白5 2.4 RAGE、AQP5診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的價(jià)值 RAGE診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.775[95%可信區(qū)間(CI)為0.616~0.934,P=0.011],AQP5診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.739(95%CI為0.580~0.899,P=0.027),見(jiàn)圖1。 圖1 RAGE、AQP5診斷新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合征預(yù)后不良的價(jià)值RAGE為糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體,AQP5為水通道蛋白5 呼吸窘迫綜合征是導(dǎo)致新生兒死亡的主要病因,其病理改變?yōu)榇罅垦仔砸蜃訚B出和肺水腫。近年研究顯示RAGE、AQP5與急性肺損傷密切相關(guān)[8-9]。RAGE是一種多配體識(shí)別的受體,與配體結(jié)合可激活細(xì)胞信號(hào)傳導(dǎo),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng)等病理生理改變。急性肺損傷時(shí),fl-RAGE分子溶解分化為RAGE,通過(guò)毛細(xì)血管進(jìn)入血液循環(huán),故急性肺損傷時(shí)RAGE水平顯著升高[10-11]。RAGE水平升高,可促進(jìn)新生兒體內(nèi)炎癥反應(yīng)的爆發(fā),加重呼吸窘迫綜合征病情的嚴(yán)重程度,導(dǎo)致多臟器功能損傷,使機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境及細(xì)胞代謝紊亂,進(jìn)而影響新生兒的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,為預(yù)后不良的主要因素。RAGE是高糖狀態(tài)下還原糖與蛋白質(zhì)等形成的一種聚合物,具有不可逆性。馬爽等[12]研究顯示妊娠期糖尿病孕產(chǎn)婦RAGE水平明顯升高,為新生兒臨床預(yù)后不良的因素。本研究顯示早產(chǎn)兒呼吸窘迫綜合征RAGE水平顯著升高,且RAGE診斷RDSN預(yù)后不良的曲線(xiàn)下面積為0.775。 AQP5與肺泡內(nèi)液體清除率顯著相關(guān)[8,13-14],過(guò)度的炎癥反應(yīng)可致新生兒肝腎等臟器功能損傷,進(jìn)而引發(fā)多臟器功能受損。Wu等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)RDSN的AQP5水平顯著升高,且與病情嚴(yán)重程度緊密相關(guān)。呼吸窘迫綜合征導(dǎo)致AQP5水平升高的原因可能是AQP5位于肺泡Ⅰ型上皮細(xì)胞,肺損傷時(shí)肺泡Ⅰ型細(xì)胞大量受損,進(jìn)而將AQP5釋放入血[15]。然而,有研究顯示肺損傷時(shí)AQP5 mRNA水平呈降低趨勢(shì),相關(guān)作用機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步的臨床和動(dòng)物研究證實(shí)[8,14,16]。 Jabaudon等[5]研究顯示RAGE水平與肺泡清除率呈負(fù)相關(guān),與呼吸窘迫綜合征病情嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān),與Gu等[6]研究結(jié)果一致。Wu等[7]納入了43例RDSN和10例正常新生兒,發(fā)現(xiàn)RAGE水平在RDSN中顯著增高,與病情嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。本文研究顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,觀察組RAGE、AQP5水平顯著升高,且RAGE、AQP5水平與胎齡、病情嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。相關(guān)研究結(jié)果支持本研究,且本文的研究對(duì)象為新生兒,樣本量大,具有一定的臨床指導(dǎo)意義。提示臨床對(duì)于疑診呼吸窘迫綜合征的新生兒應(yīng)及時(shí)行RAGE、AQP5水平檢測(cè),有利于早期判斷新生兒肺損傷情況,盡早救治,以改善預(yù)后。 [1] Seok J H, Kim E J, Ban J S,etal. 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Methods A total of 78 patients with RDSN admitted during January 2014 and January 2016 were selected as observation group;, and 78 healthy neonates at the same period were collected as control group. Changes of RAGE and AQP5 levels between the two groups were compared, and correlations among severity of the disease, gestational age and prognosis with RAGE and AQP5 levels were analyzed. Results Compared with those in control group, RAGE and AQP5 levels were significantly increased (P=0.000). RAGE and AQP5 levels were closely correlated with gestational age and severity of the disease (P=0.000). The area under curve of RAGE in diagnosis of unfavourable prognosis of RDSN was 0.775 (95% IC: 0.616-0.934,P=0.011); and the curve area of AQP5 in the diagnosis of in-hospital mortality in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was 0.775 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.616-0.934,P=0.011], while area under curve of AQP5 in diagnosis of unfavourable prognosis of RDSN was 0.739 (95% CI:0.580-0.899,P=0.027). Conclusion RAGE and AQP5 levels are significantly increased in RDSN neonates, and the levels are closely related to severity of the disease, gestational age and prognosis. Respiratory distress syndrome, newborn; Receptor for advanced glycation end products; Aquaporin 5 內(nèi)蒙古衛(wèi)生廳醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(20100036);內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2011MS1111) 010050 呼和浩特,內(nèi)蒙古醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院兒科 梅花,E-mail:meihuayani@sina.com R722.12 A 1002-3429(2017)06-0096-04 10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.06.034 2017-03-06 修回時(shí)間:2017-04-07)3 討論
(Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot 010050, China)