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        “現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)”精講精練

        2017-06-07 12:52:38任杰
        校園英語(yǔ)·下旬 2017年4期

        任杰

        錦州市教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院

        【摘要】本文重點(diǎn)研究動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做狀語(yǔ),即現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)的高考熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。通過(guò)精講精練,使學(xué)生夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),熟練掌握,靈活運(yùn)用。

        【關(guān)鍵詞】現(xiàn)在分詞 狀語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)

        【熱身訓(xùn)練】

        閱讀下列各句,在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。

        1. Four people entered the room _______(look)around in a curious way.

        2. ________(Listen)to English every day,youll learn it well step by step.

        3. _______(Live)miles away,he attended the course.

        4. ________(Judge)from his accent,he must be a native Beijing.

        5. Not _______(know)her address,I cant write to her.

        6. When _______(hear)the news,he got frightened.

        7. There is mud and water everywhere,_______(make)it difficult to travel from place to place.

        8. _______(Work)so hard,he failed again.

        9. _______(Take)the path that leads out of the town,you will come to a lake

        10. Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus ________(cause)the delay

        11. _______(Hear)their teachers voice,the pupils stopped talking at once

        12._______(Be)a teacher,you should help your students in every way.

        13. (2015,福建)In recent years an English word “infosphere ” has appeared,___________________(combine) “information” and “atmosphere”.)

        14. (2015,湖南)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,_______(wonder)whether to stay or leave.

        15. (2015,重慶)Iike ancient sailors,birds can find their way_______(use)the sun and the stars.

        現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)小結(jié)

        考點(diǎn)一:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

        1.分詞動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作緊隨發(fā)生,這時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)為句中的主語(yǔ)。常用的動(dòng)詞,如:hear,see,arrive,return,get to,look,open,close,leave,turn around,walk等,表示一個(gè)極短暫動(dòng)作。這種情況可以用on+動(dòng)名詞表示相同的意思。譯作“一(剛)……就……”;也可以用when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá),該從句的動(dòng)詞多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

        Hearing their teachers voice,the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teachers voice… = When they heard their teachers voice,the pupils…)一聽到教師的聲音,學(xué)生們立即停止講話。

        2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作過(guò)程之中,則用when/while+現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式,分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句中的主語(yǔ)。此種情況可以用in+動(dòng)名詞的一般式代替。也可以使用when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如:

        Dont be careless when /while having an exam. = Dont be careless in having an exam. = Dont be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考試時(shí)不要粗心。

        【溫馨提示】此結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用其他連接詞替換when或while。

        3.分詞所表示的動(dòng)作完成之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作才發(fā)生,則要現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,即having done的形式。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是句中的主語(yǔ)??梢杂胊fter+動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示。也可以用after /when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)替換,該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式。如:

        Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

        After having finished his homework,the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

        After/when he had finished his homework,the boy was allowed to watch TV play.

        考點(diǎn)二:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)

        1.分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一樣,也要注意分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。當(dāng)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),用分詞的一般形式。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)須是句中的主語(yǔ)。這樣的原因狀語(yǔ)可以換成because,as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ),該從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

        Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.

        因?yàn)椴恢廊绾谓膺@道物理難題,他求助老師。

        Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked…h(huán)elp.

        2.當(dāng)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)須為句中的主語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用完成時(shí)。如:

        Having lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.

        Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.因?yàn)榕c那個(gè)女孩一起生活了五年,我們都非常了解她。

        考點(diǎn)三:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)

        現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)須為句中的主語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

        Working hard,youll succeed.

        If you work hard,youll succeed. 如果你努力工作,你會(huì)成功的。

        Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.

        If you turn to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.如果轉(zhuǎn)向左邊,你將找到通向公園的小道。

        考點(diǎn)四:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)

        現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,且分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞前可以帶有連接詞although,whether,even if,even though。如:

        Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.

        Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin,it was moved by him alone. 雖然那塊石頭重將近一百斤,他一個(gè)人就把它挪動(dòng)了。

        考點(diǎn)五:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

        現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;通常位于句末,中間有逗號(hào)。有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,就在分詞前加thus。如:

        Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.

        Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus it caused the delay. 他們的車遇上交通阻塞,因而耽誤了。

        考點(diǎn)六:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

        現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)是比較常見的。它用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。一般情況下,現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為主要?jiǎng)幼?,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個(gè)陪襯動(dòng)作,它沒有相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換,但可以用并列句來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換。如:

        The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.

        The children laughed and talked merrily,and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子們跑出房間,愉快地笑著、說(shuō)著。

        考點(diǎn)七:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)

        He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。

        考點(diǎn)八:考查現(xiàn)在分詞作獨(dú)立成分

        Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor. 從外表判斷,他一定是演員。

        Generally speaking,the parks are full on holidays. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),公園假日里擠滿人。

        Keys:

        1. looking(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

        2. Listening(條件狀語(yǔ))

        3. Living(讓步狀語(yǔ))

        4. Judging(獨(dú)立成分)

        5. knowing(原因狀語(yǔ))

        6. hearing(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

        7. making(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

        8. Working(方式狀語(yǔ))

        9. Taking(條件狀語(yǔ))

        10. causing(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

        11. Hearing(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

        12. Being(原因狀語(yǔ))

        13.(2015,福建)combining(方式狀語(yǔ))

        14.(2015,湖南)wondering(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

        15.(2015,重慶)using(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

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