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        The Generalization on Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard’s Integration

        2017-06-05 15:01:17LIANTieyanTANGWei
        關(guān)鍵詞:氮氧化合物氮化合物中氮

        LIAN Tie-yan,TANG Wei

        (1.College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;2.College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)

        The Generalization on Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard’s Integration

        LIAN Tie-yan1,TANG Wei2

        (1.College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;2.College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)

        Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard’s integration are established.As for as inequalities about the righthand side of the classical Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality refined by S Qaisar in[3],a new upper bound is given.Under special conditions, the bound is smaller than that in[3].

        Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality;convex function;the H¨older’s integral inequality;third derivative

        §1.Introduction

        It is common knowledge in mathematical analysis that a function f:I?R→R is said to be convex on an interval I if the inequality

        is valid for all x,y∈I and λ∈[0,1].

        Many inequalities have been established for convex functions but the most famous is the Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality,due to its rich geometrical significance and applications,which is stated as follow[1].

        If f:I?R→R is a convex function on I and a,b∈I with a<b,then the double inequalities

        hold.

        A function f:[a,b]?R→R is called a quasi-convex on[a,b],if f(λx+(1-λ)y)≤sup{f(x),f(y)}for all x,y∈[a,b]and λ∈[0,1].

        Since its discovery in 1893,Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality has been considered the most useful inequality in mathematical analysis.In[2],D A Ion discussed inequalities of the right-hand side of the Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality for functions whose derivatives in absolute values are quasi-convex functions.

        Theorem 1.1[2,Theorems1and2]Assume that a,b∈R with a<b,f is differentiable function on(a,b)and f′∈L[a,b].

        (1)If|f′|is quasi-convex on[a,b],then

        In[3],S Qaisar refined the above inequalities for functions whose third derivatives in absolute values at certain power are quasi-convex functions.

        Theorem 1.2[3,Theorems2.2,2.3and2.4]Let f:I?R→R be differentiable on I such that f′′′∈L[a,b],where a,b∈I with a<b.

        (1)If|f′′′|is a quasi-convex function on[a,b]and p>1,then

        For more results on Hermite-Hadamard’s integral inequality providing new proofs,noteworthy extensions,generalizations and numerous applications,see[1-11]and the references therein.

        In this paper,we will create some new integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose third derivatives are convex.

        §2.Proof Different from the Literature[2]

        For establishing some new integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose third derivatives are convex,we need an integral identity below.

        Lemma 2.1[3]Let f:I?R→R be differentiable on I such that f′′′∈L[a,b],where a,b∈I with a<b,then

        Since|f′′′|qis convex on[a,b],we have

        Then by using the facts

        The proof is completed.

        Theorem 2.2Let f:I?R→R be differentiable on I such that f′′′∈L[a,b],where a,b∈I with a<b.If|f′′′|qis a quasi-convex function on[a,b]and q>1,then

        Since|f′′′|qis quasi-convex on[a,b],we have

        Then by using the fact

        we get

        The proof is completed.

        (3)燃料型氮氧化合物。此種氮氧化合物由燃料中的氮化合物在燃燒中氧化而成,由于燃料中氮的熱分解溫度低于粉煤燃燒的溫度,600~800 ℃時(shí)就會(huì)生成燃料型氮氧化合物,其在煤粉燃燒中NOx產(chǎn)物中占60%~80%。在生成燃料型NOx過(guò)程中,首先是含有氮的有機(jī)化合物熱裂解產(chǎn)生N、CN、HCN等中間產(chǎn)物基團(tuán)。然后再氧化成為NOx。由于煤在燃燒過(guò)程中包含揮發(fā)分和焦炭燃燒兩個(gè)部分,故燃料型的氮氧化合物形成也由氣相氮的氧化(揮發(fā)分)形成和焦炭燃燒形成兩個(gè)部分組成(圖1)。

        Remark 2.1It’s clear that inequality(2.2)is equivalent to inequality(1.6).

        §3.Some New Hermite-Hadamard Type’s Integral Inequalities

        Theorem 3.1Let f:I?R→R be differentiable on I such that f′′′∈L[a,b],where a,b∈I with a<b.If|f′′′|qis a convex function on[a,b]and q≥1,then

        ProofFirst of all,we can prove that the two integral identities(3.2)and(3.3)hold.

        If q=1,by using Lemma 2.1,|f′′|’s convexity on[a,b]and identity(3.3),we have

        Since|f′′′|qis convex on[a,b],then

        Utilizing the inequalities(3.2)~(3.3),(3.5)~(3.6),we get(3.1).

        Corollary 3.1Suppose all the conditions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied.Then

        Theorem 3.2Let f:I?R→R be differentiable on I,such that f′′′∈L[a,b],where a,b∈I with a<b.If|f′′′|is a convex function on[a,b],then for n∈N,the following inequality holds:

        ProofBy using Lemma 2.1 and well known the H¨older’s integral inequality,we have

        Since|f′′|is a convex function on[a,b],it is easy to prove that|f′′|2nis also a convex function on[a,b].Then we have

        Then by using the fact Z1

        we get

        The proof is completed.

        In the case that a quasi-convex function is also a convex function,we can do the following comparison.

        Remark 3.1The bound of inequality(3.4)is smaller than that’s of inequality(1.5),the bound of inequality(3.1)is smaller than that’s of inequality(1.6)and(1.7),so the results in [3]are generalized.

        §4.Application to Some Special Means

        Now,we consider the applications of our Theorems to the special means.

        Using the result of Theorem 3.1,we have the following theorem.

        Theorem 4.1For positive number a,b such that a<b with α≥1 and q≥1,we have

        AcknowledgementsThe author is grateful to the anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.

        [2]ION D A.Some estimates on the Hermite-Hadamard inequality through quasi-convex functions[J].Ann Univ Craiova Math Comp Sci Ser,2007,(34):82-87.

        [3]QAISAR S,HUSSAIN S,HE C J.On new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose third derivative absolute values are quai-convex with applications[J].Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Societly,2014,22(1):19-22.

        [4]DRAGMOMIR S S,FITZPATRICK S.The Hadamard inequality for s-convex functions in the second sense[J].Demonstratio Math,1999,32(4):687-696.

        [5]DRAGMOMIR S S,AGARWAL R P.Two inequalities for differentiable mappings and applications to special means of real numbers and to trapezoidal formula[J].Appl Math Lett,1998,11(5):91-95.

        [6]KIRMACI U S,KLARICIC B K,DEMIR M E,et al.Hadamard-type inequalities for s-convex functions[J]. Appl Math Comput,2007,193(1):26-35.

        [7]KIRMACI U S,DEMIR M E.On some inequalities for differentiable mappings and applications to special means of real numbers and to midpoint formula[J].Appl Math Comput,2004,153(1):361-368.

        [8]KIRMACI U S.Inequalities for differentiable mappings and applications to special means of real numbers and to midpoint formula[J].Appl Math Comp,2004,147(1):137-146.

        [9]LATIF M A,DRAGOMIR S S.New inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose derivatives in absolute value are convex with applications[J].Acta Universitatis Matthiae Belii Series Mathematics, 2013,145(1):24-39.

        [10]QAISAR S,HUSSAIN S,HE C J.On new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose third derivative absolute values are quasi-convex with applications[J].Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Societly,2014,22(1):19-22.

        [11]HUANG Li-ping.The improvement of Fischer’s inequality and Hadamard’s inequality[J].Chin Quart J of Math,1994,9(3):13-18.

        tion:47A63

        :A

        1002–0462(2017)01–0034–08

        date:2015-09-24

        Supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project in Shaanxi Province(2014KCT-15)

        Biography:LIAN Tie-yan(1978-),female,native of Weinan,Shaanxi,a lecturer of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,M.S.D.,engages in operator theory.

        CLC number:O177.1

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