饒曉

語法填空是近年來高考英語科新推出的一種題型。這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語詞匯、語法，甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語綜合水平。本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，一種為不給單詞提示。

語法填空題—空格設(shè)計(jì)：

純空格：介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)助動(dòng)詞等。

有提示詞：①給出了動(dòng)詞的試題——謂語動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；②詞類詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題+名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。

一、給出了動(dòng)詞的試題的解題技巧

1.句中沒有謂語，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的詞與已存在謂語主語一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時(shí)，需填的詞則是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后，同時(shí)還要兼顧主謂一致，虛擬語氣。

例1：The first card____（design）by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.

例2：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation，____（close）my book and walked away.

例3：All over the world，people move from place to place. More and more people____（leave）towns and farms to move to cities.This movement（move）to cities is called urbanization.

例4：Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking.Also the industry____（produce）cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days.

例5：Nobody knows what____（happen）if she had refused to pay.

例6：His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children____（play）with joyous abandon.

例7：The happiest（happy）of people dont necessarily（necessary）have the best of everything；they just make the most of everything that____（come）.

2.若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定用doing形式，done形式，還是to do形式。非謂語的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。

例1：...but it is not enough only____（memorize）rules from a grammar book.

例2：...____（speak）out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed，on the contrary...

技巧1：作主語或賓語時(shí)，通常用doing/being done形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況；用to do/to be done形式表示具體情況或?qū)?；用having done/having been done表示已發(fā)生。

例3：...____（complet）the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day.

例4：The young student did all that he could____（pass）the examinations.

技巧2：作目的狀語或者在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用to do形式。

例5：He saw the stone，____（say）to himself：“The night willl be very dark.”

例6：The headmaster went into the lab，____（follow）by the foreign guests.

技巧3：分詞作伴隨狀語，原因狀語，條件狀語等時(shí)，要看它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定形式。與句中主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系使用現(xiàn)在分詞；與句中主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系使用過去分詞。

例7：There will be a meeting，____（start）later this year to review the film.

例8：Lessons____（learn）in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

技巧4：分詞做后置定語也要看它與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系確定形式。與所修飾的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系使用現(xiàn)在分詞；與所修飾的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系使用過去分詞。

例9：At 9∶07pm，Sept.25，The Shenzhou Ⅶ spacecraft was lifted by the long March Ⅱ-F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou Ⅶ is Chinas third manned space venture since October 23，when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries____（send）astronauts it no space.

技巧5：名詞前有first，second，...last，only修飾時(shí)，后面要用to do/to have done做后置定語。

3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式。

例1：The youngster immediately fell____（silence）as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例2：In a____（danger）part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to...

例3：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students____（interest）in the subject.

技巧2：作主語，或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。

例4：When Chinas ancient scientific and technological____（achieve）are mentioned，the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

例5：...instructors expect students to be familiar with____（inform）in the reading...

技巧3：在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞（+形容詞）”后，用名詞形式。

例6：With the large numbers of students，the____（operate）of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

技巧4：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。

例7：As I looked____（close）at this girl，I found that...

例8：There must be something____（serious）wrong with our society.

例9：Singles are flocking（涌向）to the Internet____（main）because their busy lifestyles leave them little time...

技巧5：詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-，im-，il-，ir-，in-，non-，dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。

例10：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is：no knowledge is____（use）.

例11：Your mistake caused a lot of____（necessary）work in the office.

技巧6：括號(hào)中所給詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也不一定是考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動(dòng)詞，有可能考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。

例12：...there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist____（attract）...

例13：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could...He jumped even____（hard）and finally made himself out.

二、解題四步走

通讀全文，理解大意——分析句子，確定詞性——根據(jù)語義， 確定詞形——檢查搭配， 前后連貫。語法填空作為一種新穎的題型，能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。